TheEgypt Medal (1882–1889) was awarded for the military actions involving the British Army and Royal Navy during the1882 Anglo-Egyptian War and in theSudan between 1884 and 1889.
Resentment at increasing British and other European involvement in Egypt since the opening of theSuez Canal in 1869 triggered an Egyptian army mutiny that threatened the authority of the British-backed Khedive of Egypt,Tewfik Pasha. The British military intervention was in response, to protect British interests. Once in Egypt, the British became involved in the conflicts in the Sudan, which Egypt had occupied since the 1820s.[1]
All recipients of the Egypt Medal were also eligible for one of the four versions of theKhedive's Star.[2]
Circular, in silver and 36 millimetres (1.4 in) in diameter.
Obverse: the veiled head ofQueen Victoria with the Latin legend "VICTORIA REGINA ET IMPERATRIX". ('Victoria, Queen and Empress').
Reverse: the Sphinx on a pedestal with the word 'EGYPT' above.[4] Medals for the 1882 campaign had the year "1882" below the Sphinx. Awards for service in the Sudan from 1884 to 1889 were undated, although those already in possession of the 1882 medal had the relevant clasp added to their existing dated medal.
Naming: the recipient's number, rank, name and regiment are engraved on the edge.[4]
Ribbon: 32 millimetres (1.25 in) wide, with three blue and two white stripes of equal width.
While most of those who received the Egypt Medal were members of theBritish Regular Army orRoyal Navy, other recipients included:
Seventeen nurses who received the medal without clasp for their services in 1882 atAlexandria,Ismailia and in the hospital ship Carthage, including three awarded to foreign nurses. These were the first British campaign medals awarded to women, although a number ofSouth Africa Medals were later awarded to nurses for the earlier 1877–79 campaign.[6]
392 medals with clasp 'The Nile 1884–85', awarded to Canadianvoyageurs employed on theNile, of whom 46 also received the 'Kirbekan' clasp.[5][7] This was the first overseas expedition by Canadians in a British imperial conflict. Employed as civilians who did not wear uniform, the voyageurs included 86 members of theFirst Nations, mostlyCaughnawaga.[8]
720 medals with clasp 'Suakin 1885', awarded to a force fromNew South Wales. This was the first occasion that Australian units were sent overseas and served alongside Imperial troops.[5]
While few members of the Egyptian Army participated in earlier Sudanese campaigns, the majority of troops who received 'Gemaizah 1888' and 'Toski 1889' clasps belonged to the Egyptian Army, including newly raised Sudanese battalions,[5] with one squadron of the20th Hussars being the only British unit present at Toski.[9]
An unofficial decoration related to the Egypt Medal, this award in three grades was designed, minted and presented by GeneralGordon to the officers, soldiers and civilians who participated in thesiege of Khartoum, 1884–85. Based on the badge of theOttomanOrder of the Medjidieh, the awards were produced locally during the siege and were fairly crude in form.[10][11]
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