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This is alist of places mentioned in the Bible, which do not have their ownWikipedia articles. See also thelist of biblical places for locations which do have their own article.
Abana, according to 2 Kings 5:12, was one of the "rivers of Damascus", along with thePharpar river.[1]
Abdon was aLevitical city inAsher allocated to theGershonites according to Joshua 21:30 and 1 Chronicles 6:74.[2]
Abel-Shittim, the last Israelite encampment before crossing into the Promised Land, is identified byJosephus withAbila inPeraea, probably the site of modernTell el-Hammam inJordan.
Adam was a location which, according to Joshua 3:16, was along the Jordan River, nearZarethan.[3] According to Cheyne and Black, it may be a scribal error for "Adamah".[4]
Adadah is the name of a town mentioned in Joshua 15:22, in a list of towns inside the territory of theTribe of Judah.[5] The name "Adadah" appears nowhere else in the Bible.[6] According to theEncyclopaedia Biblica, the name "Adadah" may be a miswritten version ofArarah, a name equivalent to "Aroer".[6]
Addan orAddon is a Babylonian location mentioned in Ezra 2:59 and Nehemiah 7:61.
Adithaim, mentioned only in Joshua 15:30,[7] is listed among locations belonging toJudah in theShephelah.[8]
Adria, mentioned in Acts 27:27,[9] is a term used for "the division of the Mediterranean which lies between Sicily and Malta on the West and Crete on the East".[10]
Aesora (orEsora) is a location mentioned only in Judith 4:4.[11] TheBook of Judith is considered canonical by most Christians, but not by Jews and most Protestants.
The Septuagint calls itAisora,Arasousia,Aisoraa, orAssaron, depending on the manuscript.[12] The book of Judith places it between Choba and the Valley of Salem.[12] According to Cheyne and Black (1899), the exact location is uncertain.[12] It could be the same asTel Hazor, which is mentioned in thebook of Joshua; or at an As[h]er-Michmethath (Joshua 16:6) which BlessedAnne Catherine Emmerich and the Bordeau Pilgrim place at modernTayasir.[13][14]
Aetan appears in theSeptuagint version of theBook of Joshua.[15][16]
Ahava is the name of a canal or river mentioned in theBook of Ezra.[17][18] The location is unknown.[18]Albert Barnes says it was both a town and a river.[19]
Almon is a location mentioned in Joshua 21:18 given to theKohathites,[20] and thought to be near the modernIsraeli settlement atAlmon, Mateh Binyamin in theWest Bank.
Amad is a biblical place-name mentioned only in Joshua 19:26.[21][22] It appears in a list of locations that make up the borders of the territory assigned to the biblicalTribe of Asher.[22]
Amam (Hebrew:אמם,'amam) is an unidentified site in theNegeb ofJudah, near the border withEdom, mentioned in Joshua 15:26.[23][24]
Anaharath is described in Joshua 19:19 as a location on the border of the territory belonging to theTribe of Issachar.[25] It was most likely located at the site now known asTel Rekhesh[26]/Tell el-Mukharkhash in theTabor Stream valley.
Arah of the Sidonians is a place-name which appears in Joshua 13:4.[27] Other translations render the nameMearah.[28] The initial syllableme- here is commonly interpreted as a preposition, yielding the translation "from Arah" instead of "Mearah". Theme- is also interpreted as "from" by Thomas Kelly Cheyne, although he additionally proposed that further scribal error had influenced the word.[29]
Arumah is a location mentioned in Judges 9:41, as the place whereGideon's sonAbimelech lived for a time. The location is generally considered to be the same as the modern Jebel el-Urmah.[30]
SeeLuhith.
Ashnah is the name given in Joshua 15 (verses 33 and 43) for two places in theShephelah of Judah. For the first, the modern location Aslin has been proposed; for the second, Idna.[31]
Ataroth-addar is a location mentioned in Joshua 16:5.[32] It may be the same location as theAtaroth mentioned in 16:2.[33]
Aznoth-tabor is the name of a place in the territory of theTribe of Naphtali. It is probably the modern Khirbet el-Jebeil,[34] c. 3 miles north ofMount Tabor.
Beer was a location reached by theIsraelites during theirExodus journey, mentioned in Numbers 21:16-18.[35] After the death ofAaron, the Israelites moved on, apparently at pace, through a series of locations along theMoabite/Amorite border. There was a well at Beer, whereMoses was able to assemble and refresh the travelling community, and which was associated with a song regarding the Israelite leaders and 'the lawgiver' in providing water.
Another Beer (or Bera)[36] is mentioned in Judges 9:21 as the place to whichGideon's youngest son,Joatham or Jotham, fled to escape fromAbimelech after his 69 brothers had been killed.[37]Matthew Poole described Beer as "a place remote fromShechem, and out of Abimelech's reach";[38] and thePulpit Commentary suggests it is "either the same asBeeroth, among the heights of thetribe of Benjamin (Joshua 9:17), now El-Birch, 'the first halting-place for caravans on the northern road fromJerusalem' (Arthur Penrhyn Stanley,Sinai and Palestine, p. 210); or a place called byEusebius 'Beta', now El-Birch, eightRoman miles fromEleutheropolis (nowBeit Jibrin), and possibly the same as the place of the same name described byMaundrell as four hours from Jerusalem, and two hours west ofBethel; or, asEwald thinks, Beer beyondJordan (Numbers 21:16 [see above])". The commentary concludes that "it is impossible to decide which, or whether any, of these is the place designated as Jotham's place of refuge.[39]
Beer-lahai-roi orwell of the Life which saw me is the name of a well in the Negev which is known for its appearance in a story in which God appears toHagar.[40][41] Later theBook of Genesis claims that Isaac stayed near it.[42] Genesis locates this well in the wilderness of Beer-sheba,[43] "on the way to Shur ... between Kadesh and Bered".[44][40] Because theBeer in Beer-lahai-roi is simply the Hebrew word "well", theKing James Version renders the whole expression "the well Lahairoi".
The biblical references to it may place it somewhere in the vicinity of the modernBir 'Asluj.[45]
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SeeBeeroth (biblical city).
Beeroth (Hebrew:בְּאֵרוֹת;inLXXAncient Greek:Βηρωθ) is a minor city inGibeon mentioned inJoshua 9:17.Maspero,Petrie, alsoMüller andBudge identify the place nameBaertou mentioned in theAnnals of Thutmose III atTemple of Karnak as biblical Beeroth.[46]
Beon is a location mentioned only in Numbers 32:3. It may be a copying error for "Meon".[48]
An alternative name for Beer.[49]
Bered is a location mentioned only in Genesis 16:14, which locates Hagar between Kadesh and Bered at the time of her meeting with an angel while pregnant.
Berothah is a place mentioned in passing in Ezekiel 47:16.
A place mentioned in Judges 1:33 and situated in the tribal territory of Naphtali.[50]
Beth-aven was a city located within the tribal territory of Benjamin (Joshua 18:12), associated withJonathan's triumph over the Philistines in theBattle of Michmas.[51]Beth-aven, inHosea 4:15 It Is opposed to Beth-el.[52][53] In the same book, a caution is issued to Beth-Aven alongsideGibeah andRamah about a looming invasion.[51] Proposals for Beth-Aven's location vary, with none confirmed. Some suggest it is a derogatory term for Beth-el, reflecting its association withJeroboam'sgolden calf.[51]
A place mentioned in Judges 7:24.[54]
Beth-car, Beth Car: The point to which the Israelites drove back thePhilistines following their raid on the Israelite assembly convened bySamuel atMizpah, recorded in 1 Samuel 7:5-12.[55]
Beth Jeshimoth (Hebrew,Beit ha-Yeshimot) was a town in theTransjordan, which is mentioned in four verses of theHebrew Bible: Numbers 33:49, Joshua 12:3 and 13:20, and Ezekiel 25:9.Numbers mentions it in a description of where the Israelites encamped during their wilderness journeys. According to Joshua 13:20, it was part of the land allocated to theTribe of Reuben. Ezekiel 25:9 lists it as one of three cities which constitute "the glory of the country" ofMoab, in a passage in which God promises to punish Moab. During theFirst Jewish-Roman War, Beth Jeshimoth (Bezemoth) was captured by theRoman Imperial army, and was used by them to resettle deserters who had joined the Roman ranks.[56]
TheKing James Version spells the name asBethjesimoth andBethjeshimoth. Classical Greek sources:Bezemoth.
Beth Jeshimoth is commonly identified with the village ofSweimeh in modern-day Jordan.[57]
Beth Lebaoth,Beth-lebaoth orLebaoth is located in the Negev, and in territory which according to theBook of Joshua was assigned to theTribe of Simeon.[58][59]
Beth-millo,Judges 9:6,Judges 9:20
Beth Pelet (spelledBethpalet andBethphelet in theKing James Version) was a location in the territory assigned to theTribe of Judah by Joshua 15:27, and was occupied by Judahites inYehud Medinata following the return from theBabylonian captivity according to Nehemiah 11:26. Its location is not certain, but may have been along the southern edge of Judah near the border withEdom.[60]
Beth Peor – also transliterated asBethpeor (KJ21),Beth-peor (ASV),Beth-pe'or (RSV),Beit-P'or (CJB) orPhogar (Douai-Rheims Bible) – is, according to Deuteronomy 3:29 and Deuteronomy 4:46, the location "opposite which" the Israelites were camped after their victories overSihon, king of the Amorites andOg, king of Bashan, after their captured lands were allocated to the tribes ofReuben,Gad andManasseh,[61] and where Moses delivered his sermon summarizing covenant history and the Ten Commandments in the narrative of thebook of Deuteronomy.[62][63]
SeeStone of Bohan.
Caleb-ephrathah orCaleb-ephratah is a place mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:24, where it is said thatHezron died there.[64]
Kamon is mentioned only once in theBible. While only oneHebrew name is given in theMasoretic text,[65] both Καμων (Kamôn) and Ραμμω (Rhammô) are found in theSeptuagint manuscripts.[66][67]
In the 19th century,Easton believed it was probably located on the slopes ofMount Carmel.[68] One possible etymology of the term could come from קָמָה (Qamāh), which means "to rise", possibly indicating that it was a fortified place situated on high ground.[67] A place named Καμους (Kamous) was mentioned byPolybius and was conquered byAntiochus III.[69] It might be the same location.[70]
However, according to more recent research, the term might have a primarily symbolic meaning, deriving from theGreek Kαμίνος (Kaminos), which means "furnace".[71][72] This interpretation is reinforced byPseudo-Philo, who interprets a passage related to Jair by stating: "And in the fire in which you will die, there you will have a dwelling place."[71][73]
Carem appears in theSeptuagint version of theBook of Joshua.[15][16]
Casiphia orKasiphia is a place-name found only in Ezra 8:17, referring to an unknown location in Babylon.[74] Ezra is recorded as having gotten Levites from Casiphia in order to serve in the temple of Jerusalem.
SeeMakkedah.
SeeChephirah.
Chezib, a Canaanite village where the sons of Judah were born, thought to beKhirbet Ghazy; now a ruin.
Culon appears in theSeptuagint version of theBook of Joshua.[15][16]
Diblah (also calledDiblath) is a place-name found in Ezekiel 6:14.[75] It is probably a variant form of the nameRiblah.[76][77]
Dilean is a place-name found in Joshua 15:38, in a list of locations allotted to the tribe ofJudah in theShephelah. The site is unknown, but from the position of the town in the list, it would appear to be somewhere north ofTel Lachish andEglon.[78][79]
Dimonah is a place listed in Joshua 15:22 as being inside the territory ofJudah along its southern border withEdom. It may be the same asDibon.[80]
The "plain ofDura" is a location mentioned in Daniel 3:1, as the place where the king of Babylon built an image of himself. The location is uncertain, as there were several places named Dura in the region.[81]
Eglaim is aMoabite city mentioned byIsaiah in his proclamation against Moab (Isaiah15:8). Its location is unknown.
Elealeh was a Moabite town. Every time it is mentioned in the Bible,Heshbon is mentioned as well.[82] TheBook of Numbers assigns Elealeh to theTribe of Reuben.[83]Thomas Kelly Cheyne believed that where the present Hebrew text of Isaiah 15:8 readsBeer Elim, the original likely readb- [Hebrew preposition "in"]Elealeh.[82] Today the location of the biblical Elealeh is calledelʿAl.[84]
Eleph is the name given in Joshua 18:28, apparently for a town in the territory of theTribe of Benjamin. Because the name "Eleph" means thousand, and because the form found in Joshua is in Hebrewha-eleph, literally "the thousand",Thomas Kelly Cheyne believed there was an error in the text, and thatha-eleph was a copyist's mistake for either Taralah or Irpeel.[85] Another understanding of the word is that it is part of a compound name for a town calledZela Haeleph, instead of "Zela" and "Eleph" being two distinct towns, as in the King James Version.[86]Conder and Kitchener identifiedEleph withLifta.[87]
Elon-beth-hanan (sometimes writtenElonbethhanan,Elonbeth-hanan,Elon Bethhanan, etc.) is apparently the name of a place recorded in 1 Kings 4:9. 1 Kings 4 asserts thatSolomon, king of Israel, divided his kingdom into twelve administrative districts, each with a governor responsible for delivering taxation from the region to the king. The region assigned to a Ben-Deker is recorded as including Makaz, Shaalbim, Beth-shemesh, and Elon-beth-hanan. Instead ofbeth, some manuscripts readben, the Hebrew word for "son of," yielding the reading "Elon son of Hanan."[88] Instead of "Elon-beth-hanan," the Septuagint reads "and Elon as far as Beth-hanan", a reading endorsed as "probably right" by theEncyclopaedia Biblica, although theEncyclopaedia expresses doubt as to whether "Beth-hanan" is correct.[88]
SeeMeonenim.
Eltolad is a location in Canaan mentioned in theBook of Joshua. Joshua 15:30 considers it a part of the territory ofJudah in theNegev along the southern border withEdom, but Joshua 19:4 treats it as part of the territory of theTribe of Simeon. 1 Chronicles 4:29 refers to it as "Tolad."[89]
Enam, according to Joshua15:34, was a town in theShephelah of theTribe of Judah. It may be the same location as the Enaim where, in the narrative found in the book ofGenesis,Tamar seduced the patriarchJudah.[90][self-published source][91]
En-eglaim (Eneglaim,En Eglaim) is a location mentioned in a vision of the prophetEzekiel. According to his vision, the Dead Sea (a salty lake in which fish cannot live) would one day be filled with fresh water, and fishers would cast their nets "from Engedi to En-eglaim."[92] According to Thomas Kelly Cheyne (1899), a likely theory would be that the place referred to is near where theJordan River empties into the Dead Sea, resulting in the freshwater fish washed into the Dead Sea dying of the excessive salt content and washing up dead on the beach. Cheyne suggestedAin Hajleh (Ain Hajlah) as a possible location, thinking that the HebrewEglaim might be a later version in a text which originally read "Hoglah," as in the place-name "Beth-hoglah."[92] At present the exact location is still unidentified, though proposals include Ain Hajlah, Ain Feshka, orEglaim.[93]
En-gannim is the name of two towns mentioned in theHebrew Bible.[94]
En-haddah is a town mentioned only once in the Bible, in Joshua 19:21, where it is assigned to the territory of theTribe of Issachar. Due to its placement in a list of towns, it would appear to be close to En-gannim, which immediately precedes it.[95]
En-hakkore is the name of a fountain, mentioned only in Judges 15:18-19. In the biblical narrative,Samson the Israelite hero is thirsty, and calls (kara) to God in fear that he will die of thirst. In response, God causes a spring to miraculously appear. Samson memorializes the incident by naming the springEn Hakkore, Hebrew for "spring of the caller." According toEncyclopaedia Biblica, the original etymology ofEn-hakkore is "spring of the partridge," while the meaning "spring of the caller" is a later legendary invention.[96]
Ephratha (Bethlehem); from theSeptuagint version of theBook of Joshua.[15][16]
Esek is the name of the first of two wells which, according toGenesis, were the object of an argument betweenIsaac and herdsmen from thePhilistine city ofGerar.[97] The Hebrew form of the name as preserved in theMasoretic Text isEsek, while GreekSeptuagint manuscripts have the formsAdikia orSykophantia.
En-shemesh, meaning "fountain of the sun", is the name of a place along the border betweenJudah and theTribe of Benjamin, betweenEin Rogel andAdummim.[98][99]
Eshan (Eshean) is the name of a place in the hill-country of the territory of theTribe of Judah.[100] The location has not been identified.[101]
Esora is theKing James Bible andRevised Version spelling of "Aesora".[11] SeeAesora.
Eth-kazin (KJVIttah-kazin) is the name of a place along the border of the territory of theTribe of Zebulun, according to Joshua 19:13.
Ezel appears to be the name given to a cairn, rock or milestone in a biblical story concerningDavid andJonathan (1 Samuel 20:19). David, the future king of Israel, is a close friend of Jonathan, the son of then-king Saul. Jonathan warns David that Saul may be seeking to kill him, and instructs David to flee. Jonathan instructs David to wait "at the rock Ezel" until Jonathan can understand Saul's intentions, which he will then signal to David so that David can know whether to flee or stay in Saul's court. According to some biblical critics, the word "Ezel" is not a proper noun in Hebrew, and is either a scribal mistake of some kind or a word which is not understood by biblical scholars.[102] TheRevised Standard Version refers to it as "yonder stone heap".[103]
Galeed, according to Genesis 31:47-48, is the name given byJacob to the place where he andLaban reached a peace agreement. The name is Hebrew for "testimonial mound", and is a reference to the pile of stones erected by Jacob and Laban as a memorial, or "witness", of the agreement between the two relatives. Laban called the stone "Jegar-Sahadutha", the Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew "Galeed".[104]
Gallim is a biblical place-name. In theMasoretic Text of theHebrew Bible, Gallim is the name of one location, while the GreekSeptuagint contains two locations by that name.
In Isaiah 10:30, the village of Gallim is mentioned alongside Laishah (Tel Dan) and Anathoth, placing it somewhere north of Jerusalem.[105]Michal in 1 Samuel, best known for being the wife ofDavid, was briefly the wife ofPalti, son of Laish, a man identified as coming from Gallim.[106]
An additional Gallim (or Galem) is mentioned in the Septuagint text of 15:59a, which contains additional cities assigned to the tribe of Judah which are not recorded in the Masoretic Text.[105][107]
Gath-rimmon, theLevitical city from Joshua 19:45, Joshua 21:25 and 1 Chronicles 6:69,[108] has been identified byBenjamin Mazar withTel Gerisa.[109]Anson Rainey supported the notion that it is identical withGittaim and is to be found at or nearRamla.[110]
Gebim is a biblical place-name which appears only in Isaiah 10:31,[111] in which it is said that "the inhabitants of Gebim gather themselves to flee." The location of Gebim is unknown.[112]
Gederothaim is a place-name which appears only in Joshua 15:36, in a list of locations possessed by theTribe of Judah in theShephelah.[113] Because it appears immediately after the mention of Gederah, some scholars have suggested that "Gederothaim" was introduced by a mistaken copying of the name "Gederah."[113]
Geliloth is a place-name mentioned in Joshua 18:17, where it describes a location along the boundaries of the territory assigned to theTribe of Benjamin. The name means "stone-circles."[114]
Gibbar is a "district of Judah" mentioned in a list of returnees from theBabylonian captivity, where the list claims that 95 of the "sons [i.e. people] of Gibbar" returned.[115][116]
For the possible place-name Ginath, seeList of biblical figures § Ginath.
Gittaim is a place-name which appears several times in theHebrew Bible. According toThomas Kelly Cheyne, "there were probably several Gittaims".[117]
Gur-baal is the name of a place mentioned in 2 Chronicles 26:7. According to the Chronicler, it was inhabited by "Arabians", and was the object of a successful attack byUzziah, the king ofJudah.
Habor is the biblical name for theKhabur River, which was in the wilderness of Judah, and mentioned in 2 Kings 17:6, 18:11.[121]
TheHill of Hachilah is a place in the wilderness of Judah.[122] It is mentioned in 1 Samuel 23:19, 26:1 as a place whereDavid hid fromSaul.[123]
SeeZechariah 12:11,Rummanah,Legio,Maximianopolis (Palestine),Hadad.
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Hadashah (Hebrew:חֲדָשָׁה;inLXXAncient Greek:Ἀδασὰν), mentioned only in once in the Bible in theBook of Joshua, was a city in the valley of Judah.[127][128] Its name means 'new'.[128] It is mentioned among the cities smitten byRamesses III in his lists at theTemple of Karnak and theMortuary Temple of Ramesses III atMedinet Habu asHoudasatha.[124][125][126]
Hali is mentioned only in Joshua 19:25, in a list of cities assigned to theTribe of Asher.[129][130] Stanley Cook believed the name "Hali" may have been a scribal error for "Helbah."[130]
Hammath was one of the fortified cities ofNaphtali.[131]
Hammon is the name of two places in theHebrew Bible.[132] The first is along the borders of theTribe of Asher.[133][132] The second is aLevitical city inside the territory of theTribe of Naphtali, which is probably identical to Hammath andHammoth-dor (1 Chronicles 6:76), or verse 61 in some Bibles.[132]
Hammoth-dor was aLevitical city ofNaphtali.[134] SeeHammoth-dor.
Hamonah is a city mentioned inEzekiel's apocalyptic prophecy, located, according to the text as it now stands, in the "Valley of Hamon-Gog."[135]Thomas Kelly Cheyne expressed doubt as to whether the text originally read "Hamonah," suggesting that scribal error may have obscured a more original reading.[136]
Hapharaim orHaphraim is a town listed as being part of the territory of theTribe of Issachar in theBook of Joshua.[137][138]
Hareth orHereth is a forested area in Judah to which David and his family return after leaving refuge inMoab, at the direction of the prophetGad.[139] It is thought to have been somewhere on the border of thePhilistine plain, in the southern part of Judah.[140]
Hazar-addar is a name which appears only in Numbers 34:4, where it refers to a location on the southern edge of the territory belonging to theTribe of Judah. According toThomas Kelly Cheyne, the original text of Joshua 15:3 probably contained a reference to the place city.[141]
Hazar-enan (sometimes spelledHazar Enan orHazarenan) is mentioned in Ezekiel 47:17 as a location along the northeastern edge of the land ofCanaan according to Ezekiel's "ideal" borders.[142] The AramaicTargum Jonathan ben Uzziel on Numbers 34:9–10 renders its translation asṭirath ʿenawatha ("walled suburb of the springs"). According to theEncyclopaedia Biblica, Ezekiel 47:16 probably originally contained the name "Hazar-enan" where it now contains "Hazar-hatticon".[142]
Hazar-gaddah is a location listed in Joshua 15:27 as one of the cities along the southern border ofJudah withEdom.[143]
Hazar-shual was a city in the territory of theTribe of Simeon, along its border withJudah.[144][145]
Hazar-susah, also calledHazar-susim, is among the cities listed in theBook of Joshua as being part of the inheritance of theTribe of Simeon.[146] It is mentioned only in Joshua 19:5 and 1 Chronicles 4:13.[146]
Hazer-hatticon is a location that appears on the northern border of the land ofCanaan according to Ezekiel's idealized conception its borders.[147][148] According to theEncyclopaedia Biblica, the name is likely a miswritten form ofHazar-enan.[148]
Hazor-hadattah,Aramaic for "New Hazor," was a place mentioned in Joshua 15:25, on the border betweenJudah and theEdom.[149]
Heleph, as theMasoretic Text now stands, appears to be the name of a place located in the territory of theTribe of Naphtali.[150] It appears only in Joshua 19:33.[150] According toThomas Kelly Cheyne, the verse appears to have undergone copying errors, and the word "Heleph" was probably not an original part of the verse.[150]
Helkath (Hebrew:חֶלְקַת) is a location on the boundary of the tribe of Asher.[151]
Helkath-hazzurim, a term which appears in 2 Samuel 2:16, is the name of a site where the troops ofDavid fought the troops ofIsh-bosheth. The location is described as "Helkath-hazzurim, which is in Gibeon," although Stanley A. Cook suggested that the words "which is in Gibeon" were a later explanatory note added to the text, and that the story may originally have been set in another location.[152]
Hena is the name of a place or nation mentioned only in a single speech in theHebrew Bible, by theRabshakeh, an official ofSennacharib, who mentioned it in threatening the Judahites in the time of kingHezekiah. The Rabshakeh warned the Israelites that his employer, theAssyrian Empire, would defeat the kingdom of Judah, and that the Israelites should not trust their deity to save them. He supported his argument by pointing to other places conquered by the Assyrians, and pointed out that the gods of those locations had not managed to prevent conquest. "Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah?"[153] The locations of Hena and Ivvah are unknown to the present day.[154] Thomas Kelly Cheyne suggested that the name "Hena" has found its way into the verse "through a scribe's error."[155]
Hepher is a place name found in theHebrew Bible. In the conquest narratives of theBook of Joshua, there is a list of 31 kings defeated by the invading Israelites.[156] These kings are unnamed, but referred to simply in terms of what town they ruled, and a "king of Hepher" is listed among them in Joshua 12:17. Later, in the narratives aboutSolomon, Solomon divides his land into twelve districts, each ruled by a governor in charge of collecting tribute. The district assigned to the Ben-Hesed included "all the land of Hepher."[157] In addition to these explicit references to a place known as Hepher, there are veiled references to Hepher in etiological genealogical passages, in which historical regions and ethnic groupings are described as if descended from a family tree populated by individual forefathers.[158] In these narratives, a "person" named Hepher is described as being a descendant of Manasseh, indicating that Hepher was, at some point, ruled by people identified with theTribe of Manasseh.[159][158] The people of Hepher are identified as "Hepherites" in Numbers 26:32.
The biblical mentions of Hepher are not enough to locate the town with any precision: it is not even certain whether Hepher is to be found in the Transjordan or in Cisjordan.[158]
Heshmon is the name of a town mentioned in Joshua 15:27, in a list of towns on the border betweenJudah andEdom. The name Heshmon may be the basis for the termHasmonean (Hebrewhashmoni), as the Hasmoneans may have had their origin in Heshmon.[160]
Holon (Hilen,Hilez) is the name of two biblical towns.
Horem was one of the fortified cities ofNaphtali according to Joshua 19:38.[164] The exact location is unknown.[165]
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Hosah (Hebrew:חֹסָה), according toJoshua 19:29, was a city on the border between theTribe of Asher and Tyre.[168] Where theMasoretic Text reads "Hosah," an important GreekSeptuagint manuscript reads "Iaseif," leading to uncertainty about what the original reading was.[168] The location is unknown, but researchers are inclined towards Tell Rashidiyeh or Khirbet el-Hos,[169] today both inLebanon, one S ofTyre,[170] the other South-East of it.[171]
Hukkok orHuquq was a town nearZebulun, on the border ofNaphtali.[172] Many commentators have identified it withYaquq.[173]
Humtah was a city of Judah according to Joshua 15:54,[174] whose location has not been identified. Its name in Hebrew means 'snail'.
Hushah was a place in the hill country of Judah founded by a son of Ezer (1 Chronicles 4:4). It is generally identified withHusan, south-west ofBethlehem.[175] One ofDavid's Mighty Warriors is identified in the Bible as "Sibbecai theHushathite."[176]
Idalah is the name of a town in the territory of theTribe of Zebulun according to Joshua 19:15, the only place in theHebrew Bible where it is mentioned.[177]
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Ijon (Hebrew:עיּוֹן;inLXXAncient Greek:Άίν) is the name of a place mentioned three times in theHebrew Bible. In 1 Kings 15:20 and the parallel passage in 2 Chronicles 16:4, along with Dan andAbel-beth-maacah (Kings account, Chronicles reads "Abel-maim"), it is conquered byBen-Hadad I of Aram during the time ofBaasha of Israel (c.900 to c.877 BCE). In 2 Kings 15:29, Ijon along with Abel-beth-maacah and several other places are taken captive byTiglath-Pileser III (reigned 745-727 BCE) during the reign of Pekah. It was slightly north of the modern-day site ofMetula.[180]Budge and Paton equate Ijon with the hieroglyphic place name 'Aiina.[179]
Ijon is commonly identified with Tel Dibbine, a tell nearMarjayoun, Lebanon.[181]
Iphtah (theKing James Version spells itJiphtah) was, according to Joshua 15:43, a place in theShephelah of theTribe of Judah. The location is unknown today.[182]
Iphtah-el (theKing James Version spells itJiphtah-el) is the name of a place mentioned only in Joshua 19:14 and 19:27.[183]Joshua describes it as being along the northern border of theTribe of Zebulun, in the area adjoining the territory of theTribe of Asher. The biblical Iphtah-el is probably the place known today as Khirbet Japhet.[184]
Irpeel is the name of a town mentioned only in Joshua 18:27, in the territory of theTribe of Benjamin.[185]
Ithlah (King James VersionJethlah) is a location which, according to Joshua 19:42, was part of the territory of theTribe of Dan. The location has not been identified by modern scholarship.[186]
SeeEth-kazin.
Jabneel (onceJabneh) is the name given in theHebrew Bible for two locations.
Jahaz (orJahaza,Jahazah,Jahzah.Iahaz) was the site of the battle betweenKing Sihon and the advancing Israelite people, according to Numbers 21:23[189] and later became alevitical city in the territory ofReuben, east of theRiver Jordan.[190]
Jahaz is mentioned in both the Hebrew Testament (Yahats, Isaiah 16:4, Jeremiah 48:34; Yahatsah or Yahtsah, Numbers 21:23, Deuteronomy 2:32, Joshua 13:18, Joshua 21:36) and the King James Version ("Jahazah": Judges 11:20, Jeremiah 48:21, 1 Chronicles 6:78 "Jahzah") and in theMesha Stele.
André Lemaire places it somewhere along the northeast border ofMoab.[191]
Janim orJanum is a location mentioned only in Joshua 15:53, which places it in the hill-country of Judah, somewhere near Beth-tappuah.[192]
MountJearim is mentioned in Joshua 15:10, a verse which described the northern border of theTribe of Judah.[193] According to theEncyclopaedia Biblica the term described in this case not a mountain in the modern sense of the word, but a ridge, and "Jearim" is probably an incorrect reading where "Jarib" or "Ephron" was originally intended.[193]
SeeGaleed.
The "wilderness ofJeruel" is the place where, according to 2 Chronicles 20:16, Jahaziel told Jehoshaphat to expect an invading army of Moabites, Ammonites, and Edomites.[194]
SeeIthlah.
SeeIphtah.
SeeIphtah-el.
Jogbehah is a city east of the Jordan River, mentioned in Numbers 32:35, as one of the locations in the Transjordan granted to theTribe of Gad by Moses. It reappears in the story ofGideon.[195] It was probably an Ammonite fortress, now named Rugm al-Gubekha.[196]
Jokdeam is the name of a location mentioned only once in the Bible, in Joshua 15:56.[197] The passage identifies it as being in the hill-country of Judah, but beyond that its location is unknown today.[198]
SeeCamon
SeeCasiphia
Kithlish is a man's wall and town in the plain ofJudah (Joshua 15:40). It has been identified withJelameh.
SeeBeer-lahai-roi.
SeeBeth Lebaoth.
Lecah orLekah is a place mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:21, which claims that Er, the son ofJudah (son of Jacob) settled there.
The "ascent ofLuhith" is a location inMoab mentioned in Isaiah 15:5 and Jeremiah 48:5.
Mahaneh Dan orMahaneh-dan is a location associated with thetribe of Dan. According to Judges 18:12, it was located to the west ofKirjath-jearim.[199][200] On the other hand, Judges 13:25 names it as the place whereSamson lived and where "the spirit of the LORD began to stir in him", but gives it a different location, "betweenZorah andEshtaol".[201][200]
Makaz is a location mentioned in 1 Kings 4:9, in a passage which describes kingSolomon administering the kingdom of Israel by division into twelve districts. Makaz appears in a list of cities the rest of which belonged to the territory traditionally assigned to theTribe of Dan,[202] so it appears likely that Makaz was originally intended as a reference to some location in Dan.[203]
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Makkedah (Hebrew:מַקֵּדָה;inLXXAncient Greek:Μακηδά or Μακέδ as in1 Maccabees;inVulgateLatin:Mageth) was a city in the land ofCanaan. Joshua 12:16 gives a list of thirty-one cities whose kings, according to theBook of Joshua, were defeated in the conquest of Canaan followingthe Exodus, and Makkedah is included.[206] Joshua 15:41 locates it in the part of theShephelah assigned to theTribe of Judah.[207] Joshua 10 relates a story of five "Amorite" kings hiding in the "cave of Makkedah" after a battle; afterward, they were removed from the cave and killed in a humiliating fashion. After this, Makkedah was captured.[208][209]Maspero,Müller andBudge identifyMakouta mentioned in theAnnals of Thutmose III at theTemple of Karnak with biblical Makkeda.[204][205]Historical geographers have struggled with its modern identification, withPEF surveyorsConder &Kitchener thinking the ancient site to be where was once built the Arab village ofel-Mughar, north ofNahal Sorek.[210]
Manocho appears in theSeptuagint version of theBook of Joshua.[15][16]
This entry is about the location known as Maon or the "Wilderness of Maon". For the ethnic group known by that name, seeList of minor biblical tribes § Maon.
Maon, according to Joshua 15:55, was a place in the highlands of theTribe of Judah[211] identified in modern times withKhirbet Maʿin (or in Hebrew, Horvat Maʿon).[212] According to 1 Samuel 23:24, the Wilderness of Maon, in the plain on the south of Jeshimon, was one of the places whereDavid hid fromKing Saul.[213][214]Nabal, the rich but callous property owner who refused to support David's men in 1 Samuel 25:1-11 was from Maon.[215] In theSeptuagint version of1 Samuel, David retreated to the Wilderness of Maon after the death ofSamuel,[216] but in theMassoretic Text he went to theWilderness of Paran.
Through the use of genealogy, Maon was personified as a descendant of Hebron.[217]
There was anArab village and there is now anIsraeli settlement atMa'on, Har Hebron in theWest Bank.
Maralah is a place mentioned only in Joshua 19:11, where it describes a locality in the territory of theTribe of Zebulun, along its southwestern border.[218]
Masrekah, according to Genesis 36:36 and 1 Chronicles 1:47, is where the Edomite king Samlah lived.
Meah is the name of a tower named in Nehemiah 3:1 and 12:39.
Mejarcon (also spelledMejarkon orMe-jarkon) was a location on the border of thetribe of Dan.[219]
Meonenim appears in Judges 9:37, in the Hebrew phraseelon meonenim which is variously translated as "plain of Meonenim," "Elon-meonenim," "oak of Meonenim," or "the Diviners' Oak."[220][221]
Mephaath was alevitical city of theMerarites lying in the district of the Mishor in the territory of thetribe of Reuben according to Joshua 21:37,[222] and was mentioned in condemnation by the prophetJeremiah in Jeremiah 48:21.[223]
Michmethath (Michmethah,Mikmethath,Micmethath) is the name of a place mentioned in Joshua 16:6 and 17:7. 16:6 records that it is along the north end of the territory of theTribe of Ephraim. 17:7 indicates that it was along the south end of the territory of theTribe of Manasseh. From the biblical description it would appear to have been southeast of Shechem.[224] BlessedAnne Catherine Emmerich places anAs[h]er-Michmethah (Joshua 16:6) at modernTayasir.[13]
The town ofMiddin is mentioned in passing in Joshua 15:61, in a list of six towns in the wilderness of the territory of thetribe of Judah.[225] Its exact location is unknown.[226]
There is a place calledMigron on the outskirts ofGibeah mentioned in 1 Samuel 14:2, whereKing Saul was based,[227] different from theMigron mentioned in Isaiah 10:28, which is north ofMichmash.[228][229]
Minni is mentioned in Jeremiah 51:27 as the name of a province inArmenia,[230] which was at this time under the Median kings. Armenia is regarded by some as Har-minni i.e., the mountainous country of Minni.[231]
Minnith is mentioned in Judges 11:33 as marking the extent ofJephthah's victory over theAmmonites[232] and in Ezekiel 27:17 as a wheat-farming city.[233]Minnith, Missouri takes its name from the reference inEzekiel.
Misrephoth-maim is the name of a place associated withSidon where, according to theBook of Joshua,Joshua pursued the retreating Canaanites after a battle at Merom.[234][235] According to Joshua 13:6 it is found near the boundary between the northern territory of theTribes of Israel and the Sidonians.[235]
SeeJearim.
Neah is a location mentioned only in Joshua 19:13.[236][237] TheBook of Joshua places it in the territory of theTribe of Zebulun, near the valley ofIphtah-el.[238]
Neballat is the name of a town listed among the towns where people of theTribe of Benjamin lived according to Nehemiah 11:34.[239][240] Today it is known as Beit Nebala.[241]
Nibshan is the name of a town in the wilderness of Judah, mentioned only in Judges 15:62.
No orNo-amon is the name of a city in Egypt mentioned in negative terms by the prophets Jeremiah (46:25), Ezekiel (30:14-16), and Nahum (3:8). It is most commonly identified in modern scholarship withThebes, but in the Septuagint, Vulgate, and a variety of rabbinical commentators it is interpreted asAlexandria.[242][243]
Parbar, according to the King James Version, is a place-name mentioned in 1 Chronicles 26:18, in a description of the divisions of gatekeepers for the Temple in Jerusalem. However, in more recent scholarship, the wordparbar orparwar is generally taken not as aproper noun, but as acommon noun, with various proposals as to its meaning. Canadian academic Donna Runnalls suggests that "it seems to refer to a structure which was located at the top of the road on the west side of the temple".[244] The New Revised Standard Version translates the word as " the colonnade on the west".[245]
Perez Uzzah (Hebrew, "outburst against Uzzah")[246] is a place name which appears only in the biblical narrative aboutUzzah, a man who was killed by God for touching theArk of the Covenant (2 Samuel 6:8; 1 Chronicles 13:11).David named it in commemoration of Uzzah's death. The location has not been identified.[247]
Phagor (Greek:Φαγὼρ) appears in theSeptuagint version of theBook of Joshua,[248][16] in a grouping of 11 cities of Judah not listed in the Hebrew text. It is rendered as "Peor" in theContemporary English Version (1995).[249]
Pul, a place name inIsaiah 66:19 in Hebrew, may refer toPut or Phut.[250]
Rabbith, according to Joshua 19:20, was a location within the territory of theTribe of Issachar.[251]
Racal (orRachal orRakal), according to 1 Samuel 30:29, was one of the locations wereDavid sent plunder after defeating a group ofAmalekites. The site is unknown and mentioned nowhere else. It may have been a copyist's error forCarmel.[251]
Rakkath (alsoRakat orRakkat) is mentioned in Joshua 19:35 as a fenced or fortified city in the territory of theTribe of Naphtali[252] and is considered according to Jewish tradition to be the location where the city ofTiberias was built from around 20CE.[253] It is identified by some with Tel Rakat (Khirbet el Kaneitriyeh onPEF Survey of Palestine map).
Rakkon, according to theMasoretic Text of Judges 19:46, is a place-name for a locality along the borders of theTribe of Dan. A common opinion is that the place-name Rakkon (Hebrewhrqwn) originally through a mis-copying of part of the previous place-name Me Jarkon (Hebrewmy hyrqwn), which is mentioned immediately preceding it.[254] If it is a genuine place-name, its location is uncertain, and it is unclear whether it refers to a town or a river.[254] TheSeptuagint omits it altogether.[255]
Ramath-Mizpeh, according to Joshua 13:26, was a location in the territory of theTribe of Gad, a Transjordanian tribe. It is possibly the same as present-dayIraq al-Amir.[256]
'Rammath-Lehi, according to the Old Testament Book of Judges, was the name given to this place by Samson when he defeated a thousand Philistines.
A place namedRamat-Negev (Hebrewrmt ngb) is assigned to theTribe of Simeon by Joshua 19:8. It is likely the same as location as theRamot-Negev (rmwt ngb) in 1 Samuel 30:27, where it is named as a location to which David sent plunder from his raid against theAmalekites.[251] Ramat or Ramot Negev is also mentioned in one of the Aradostraca, a series of letters recovered fromTel Arad, ordering that soldiers be sent to Ramat-Negev as protection againstEdomite invasion.[257]
It is possible that Ramot-Negev is the place now known as Hurvath Uza.[258] See alsoBaalath-Beer.
This is about the city. For individuals of the same name, seeList of minor biblical figures § Rekem.
Rekem is the name of a city or fortified town in the territory of theTribe of Benjamin according to Joshua 18:27. The location is unknown.[259]
Rogelim is a place mentioned twice in 2 Samuel, both times in relation toBarzillai the Gileadite. It is identified as his city (17:27) and the place from which he came to meet KingDavid after the revolt ofAbsalom (19:31). Its location was inGilead but has not been precisely identified.[260] Strong's Concordance calls is "a (place of)fullers.[261]
Rumah orRuma is a place-name in the Hebrew Bible. It is mentioned in 2 Kings 23:26, which identifies kingJehoiakim's mother as "Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah." A widespread, but not unanimous, identification sees this as the modern site of Ruma (Tell Rumeh) in the Lower Galilee.[262][263]
Joshua 15:52 lists a "Rumah" or "Dumah" (depending on the manuscript followed) as a city in the hill-country of Judah.[264] This is often associated with the modern village of Dūme, although scholars have expressed some uncertainty about this location as well.[265][263]
A place-nameSalim appears in John 3:23, in the phrase "Aenon of Salim." The location has not been identified, though several possibilities have been suggested.[266]
Sansannah appears in Joshua 15:31, in a list of towns in the Negev of Judah. Scholars equate it with the modern Kirbet esh-Shamsaniyat, although with some doubt.[267] In Joshua 19, a portion of the territory of Judah is assigned to theTribe of Simeon, and in this list instead of Sansannah the text reads "Hazar Susah" (verse 5).[268]
SeeSibmah.
Secu (alsoSeku,Sechu) is a place-name found in 1 Samuel 19:22. Its site has not been identified, and it is mentioned nowhere else in the Bible.[269]
Sela Hammahlekoth (orRock of Escape) is the name which according to 1 Samuel 23:28 was given to a location whereDavid narrowly escaped being killed bySaul. The location has not been definitely identified, but the biblical story places it in the Wilderness of Maon.[270]
Seneh is the name of one of two rocky cliffs (the other being Bozez) through which Jonathan had to pass during his attack against a Philistine garrison (1 Samuel 14:4).
Shaalbim is the name of a location which appears twice (in the form "Shaalbim") in the Hebrew Bible, in Judges 3:5 and again in 1 Kings 4:9. The passage in Judges 1 discusses the situation after the death ofJoshua, in which theTribe of Dan had difficulty expelling theAmorites from the land allotted to them, and the Amorites forced the Danites to live in the hill-country, keeping the valley for themselves (Judges 1:1-34). "But the Amorites were resolved to dwell in Harheres, in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim; yet the hand of the house of Joseph prevailed, so that they became tributary. And the border of the Amorites was from the ascent of Akrabbim, from Sela, and upward."[271]
1 Kings 4 records thatSolomon divided his kingdom into districts under various governors, and chose a man named Ben Deker as governor "in Makaz, and in Shaalbim, and Beth-shemesh, and Elon-beth-hanan".[272]
In Joshua 19:42, aShaalabbin is listed as a location within the territory allotted to Dan, and it is thus likely to be the same as the location "Shaalbim" which Dan was unable to occupy.[186] This is generally considered to have been located on the site of modernSalbit.[186][273]
It may also be the same as the location referred to as "Shaalban" (2 Samuel 23:32; 1 Chronicles 11:33), and may have been the "Shaalim" of 1 Samuel 9:4.[273]
Saul and his assistant passed through the land of Shaalim looking forhis father's lost donkeys, according to 1 Samuel 9:4,[274] probably in the highlands of Ephraim. Some manuscripts of theSeptuagint locate the burial place ofAbdon inPirathon, in the hill country of Ephraim, in the land of Shaalim,[275] although other versions read "in the hill country of the Amalekites".[276]
This is about the biblical locations, notthe person mentioned in 1 Chronicles 24:24.
Shamir is the name of a biblical place which according to Joshua 15:48 was found in the hill-country of theTribe of Judah.
According to Judges 10:1-2, the Israelite leaderTola lived, died, and was buried in a location called Shamir in the hill-country of theTribe of Ephraim.
According to Genesis 14:5, Chedorlaomer defeated the Emim atShaveh Kiriathaim.
A valley namedShaveh (king's valley) is the location where, according to Genesis 14:17, the king of Sodom went to meet Abram after the defeat of the forces of Chedorlaomer.
Sibmah (Hebrew,Sibmah) is a location which according to Numbers 32:37-38 and Joshua 13:19 was in the territory of the Tribe of Reuben.[277] In theKing James Version it is sometimes spelledShibmah. Isaiah 16:7-8 refers to it as a Moabite city, as does Jeremiah 48:31-32. In one case it is calledSebam[278] (HebrewSebam), spelledShebam in theKing James Version (Numbers 32:3). Its specific location is not known.[279]
The stone of Bohan, son ofReuben is mentioned in Joshua 15:6 as a point along the boundary of the land allocated to thetribe of Judah.[280] Bohan is not named as one of Reuben's sons where they are listed in Genesis 46:9.[281]Bohan is a name which appears twice in theHebrew Bible.[282] In both cases it appears in the phrase "the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben," which refers to a place along the boundary betweenJudah and theTribe of Benjamin.[283]
Suphah is mentioned in Numbers 21:14,[284] quoting thelostBook of the Wars of the Lord, and is possibly the same asSuph.
Tappuah, Hebrew for 'apple', and compounds thereof, aretoponyms from theBook of Joshua:
Tatam appears in theSeptuagint version ofJoshua 15:59-60.[16]
Theco appears in theSeptuagint version ofJoshua 15:59-60.[16]
Thether appears in theSeptuagint version ofJoshua 15:59-60.[16]
Thobes appears in theSeptuagint version ofJoshua 15:59-60.[16]
Uzzen-sherah (orUzzen-sheerah) is the name of a town mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 7:24.[287] It was named for its builder,Sherah, daughter ofEphraim. While it is believed to have been located close toBeth-horon, the exact location has not been identified.[288]
SeeBeer-lahai-roi.
Zaphon (Hebrew:Tsaphonah, renderedSephenia in some manuscripts of the Septuagint)[289] is mentioned in Joshua 13:27 as a location within the territory of thetribe of Gad[290] and in Judges 12:1 as the location where theEphraimites met withJephthah and his army to complain that Jephthah had fought theAmmonites without calling on the Ephraimites for military assistance.[291] TheEasy-to-Read Version calls it a "city".[292] Some translations (e.g. theKing James Version) renderTsaphonah as "northwards".
A place at the border of Benjamin, where two men were to meet Saul as a sign of his kingship, in 1 Samuel 10:2.[293] This is the only mention of the place in the Bible, and its location is unidentified.[294]
Zereda(h) is the birthplace of Jeroboam, the first king of the northernKingdom of Israel and the son ofNebat of theTribe of Ephraim.[295]
The "ascent ofZiz" is the place where, according to 2 Chronicles 20:16, Jahaziel told Jehoshaphat to expect an invading army of Moabites, Ammonites, and Edomites to ascend in front of the wilderness ofJeruel.[296]
A Canaanite kingdom centered around the city of the same name that was conquered by Joshua. The city itself was assigned to the tribe of Ephraim, while its lands were allotted to Manasseh. The location is probably modern Sheikh-Abu-Zarad, 8 miles (13 km) south of Shechem. Josh 12:17, 16:8, 17:8
