Edwin Salpeter | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | (1924-12-03)3 December 1924 Vienna, Austria |
| Died | 26 November 2008(2008-11-26) (aged 83) Ithaca, New York, U.S. |
| Alma mater | |
| Known for | Salpeter initial mass function,Bethe–Salpeter equation |
| Spouses |
|
| Children | 2 |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Astrophysics |
| Institutions | Cornell University |
| Thesis | On the electromagnetic self-energy of the electron (1948) |
| Doctoral advisor | Rudolf Peierls |
| Doctoral students | Hubert Reeves |
Edwin Ernest Salpeter (3 December 1924 – 26 November 2008,[1][2]) was an Austrian–Australian–Americanastrophysicist.[3]
Born inVienna to a Jewish family, Salpeter emigrated from Austria to Australia while in his teens to escape the Nazis. He attendedSydney Boys High School (1939–40)[4] andSydney University, where he obtained his bachelor's degree in 1944 and his master's degree in 1945. In the same year he was awarded an overseas scholarship and attended theUniversity of Birmingham, England, where he earned his doctorate in 1948 under the supervision of SirRudolf Peierls. He spent the remainder of his career atCornell University, where he was the James Gilbert White Distinguished Professor of the Physical Sciences. Salpeter died of leukemia at his home inIthaca, New York on 26 November 2008.[5]: 11
In 1951 Salpeter suggested that stars could burnhelium-4 intocarbon-12 with theTriple-alpha process not directly, but through an intermediate metastable state ofberyllium-8, which helped to explain the carbon production in stars. He later derived theinitial mass function for the formation rates of stars of different mass in theGalaxy.[5]: 3
Salpeter wrote withHans Bethe two articles in 1951 which introduced the equation bearing their names, theBethe–Salpeter equation which describes the interactions between a pair offundamental particles under aquantum field theory.[5]: 5
In 1955 he found the Salpeter function or theinitial mass function (IMF).[6] It shows that the number of stars in each mass range decreases rapidly with increasing mass.
In 1964 Salpeter and independentlyYakov B. Zel'dovich were the first[7] to suggest thataccretion discs around massiveblack holes are responsible for the huge amounts of energy radiated byquasars (which are the brightestactive galactic nuclei). This is currently the most accepted explanation for the physical origin of active galactic nuclei and the associated extragalacticrelativistic jets.[8]
In early 1970s, Salpeter discovered that molecular hydrogen and many other molecular species are formed in the interstellar medium not as much in the gas phase but primarily on the surfaces of dust particles.[9]
In 1950 he marriedMiriam (Mika) Mark (1929–2000), aneurobiologist born inRiga,Latvia; she was chairwoman of the department of neurobiology and behavior at Cornell from 1982 to 1988.[10] TheSociety for Neuroscience created the Mika Salpeter award in her memory; it "recognizes an individual with outstanding career achievements inneuroscience who has also significantly promoted the professional advancement of women in neuroscience."[11] The Salpeters had two daughters, Judy Salpeter and Dr. Shelley Salpeter.After Miriam's death, Edwin married Antonia Shouse.[12]
