Edward Martin | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Martin, 1905–1945 | |
| United States Senator fromPennsylvania | |
| In office January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1959 | |
| Preceded by | Joseph F. Guffey |
| Succeeded by | Hugh Scott |
| Chair of theNational Governors Association | |
| In office July 1, 1945 – May 26, 1946 | |
| Preceded by | Herbert B. Maw |
| Succeeded by | Millard Caldwell |
| 32nd Governor of Pennsylvania | |
| In office January 19, 1943 – January 2, 1947 | |
| Lieutenant | John C. Bell Jr. |
| Preceded by | Arthur James |
| Succeeded by | John C. Bell Jr. |
| 58thTreasurer of Pennsylvania | |
| In office January 15, 1929 – January 17, 1933 | |
| Governor | John Stuchell Fisher Gifford Pinchot |
| Preceded by | Charles A. Snyder |
| Succeeded by | Samuel S. Lewis |
| Chair of thePennsylvania Republican Party | |
| In office May 12, 1928 – June 9, 1934 | |
| Preceded by | William Larimer Mellon Sr. |
| Succeeded by | M. Harvey Taylor |
| 31stAuditor General of Pennsylvania | |
| In office January 20, 1925 – January 15, 1929 | |
| Governor | Gifford Pinchot John Stuchell Fisher |
| Preceded by | Samuel S. Lewis |
| Succeeded by | Charles A. Waters |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1879-09-18)September 18, 1879 Ten Mile, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | March 19, 1967(1967-03-19) (aged 87) Washington, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Mary Scott (1909–1967) |
| Children | 3 |
| Education | Waynesburg University (BA) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch/service |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1898–1942 |
| Rank |  Major general |
| Commands | 109th Infantry Regiment 110th Infantry Regiment 55th Infantry Brigade 28th Infantry Division |
| Battles/wars | Spanish–American War Border War World War I World War II |
Edward Martin (September 18, 1879 – March 19, 1967) was an American lawyer, military officer andRepublican party politician fromWaynesburg, Pennsylvania. He served as the 32ndgovernor of Pennsylvania from 1943 until 1947 and as aUnited States Senator from Pennsylvania from 1947 until 1959.
Edward Martin was born inTen Mile, Pennsylvania, on September 18, 1879, attending public schools in his youth. He served with Pennsylvania volunteers during theSpanish–American War from May 11, 1898, to August 22, 1899, and reached the rank ofsergeant.[1] He studied law and graduated fromWaynesburg College inWaynesburg, Pennsylvania, in 1901. He served as physical director and football coach at Waynesburg in 1909.[2]
Martin enlisted in the Pennsylvania National Guard after the Spanish-American War at his former rank of sergeant, and later became an officer. He was promoted tofirst lieutenant on January 15, 1900, to captain on July 11, 1905, and to major on July 6, 1910. The Pennsylvania National Guard was mobilized for theMexican Border Expedition in 1916, and Martin was on active duty from June 22 to October 27, 1916. When the United States enteredWorld War I, Martin went on active duty again on July 15, 1917. During the war, Martin commanded the109th Infantry Regiment from September 6–9, 1918 (being promoted to the temporary rank oflieutenant colonel on September 9) and the110th Infantry Regiment from September 7 to October 14, 1918.[3][4] For valor and wounds received in combat, Martin earned aDistinguished Service Cross and aPurple Heart, both withoak leaf clusters. He left active duty after the Armistice, on April 25, 1919.[5]
On July 29, 1920, Martin was promoted tocolonel in the Pennsylvania National Guard, and became the first post-war commander of the 110th Infantry Regiment,28th Division, a position he held from that date until August 17, 1922.[6][7] On December 15, 1922, Martin was promoted tobrigadier general and assumed command of the 55th Infantry Brigade, 28th Division.[8][9] On June 26, 1939, he became amajor general and commander of the 28th Division.[10][11] After the United States enteredWorld War II, Major General Martin was retired on April 1, 1942, because of Army regulations concerning over-age officers.
Martin was also president of theNational Guard Association of the United States in 1940.
Martin was admitted to the bar in 1905 and commenced practice in Waynesburg. He was a burgess of East Waynesburg from 1902 to 1905, solicitor ofGreene County from 1908 to 1910 and again from 1916 to 1920. He served as auditor general of Pennsylvania from 1925 to 1929 andState treasurer from 1929 to 1933. He chaired thePennsylvania Republican Party from 1928 to 1934.[12][13] He was adjutant general of Pennsylvania from 1939 to 1943. He had varied business interests, including fire insurance, oil and gas, and banking.
Martin was electedGovernor of Pennsylvania in1942. He served as president of theCouncil of State Governments in 1946 and waselected as a Republican to theUnited States Senate in the same year. In 1947, Martin received theAmerican Legion's Distinguished Service Medal.[14] Martin was re-elected to the Senate in1952. During the83rd Congress from 1953 to 1955, when the Republicans were in the majority, he was chairman of theSenate Public Works Committee. Martin voted in favor of theCivil Rights Act of 1957.[15] Martin did not seek re-nomination to a third term in1958. He died inWashington, Pennsylvania in 1967 and is buried at Greene Mount Cemetery inWaynesburg.
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Martin was prominent in the development ofFort Indiantown Gap and after his death, theUnited States Senate renamed the facility the Edward Martin Military Reservation, an honor that Martin himself had rejected throughout his life. The new name was never fully accepted by the military personnel who served there. In 1975, theSecretary of the Army renamed the post Fort Indiantown Gap in order to more closely align it with the other active duty stations throughout the United States. The Joint Force Headquarters of the Pennsylvania National Guard is located at Fort Indiantown Gap, and is named Edward Martin Hall in Martin's honor.
The Library at the National Guard Association of the United States (NGAUS) is dedicated to Martin and is named the Edward Martin Memorial Library. While not a circulating library, it serves as one of the foremost collections of National Guard documents and is ideal for researchers. Original volumes include a complete collection of NGAUS Conference minutes dating to 1879 and Adjutant General (TAG) Reports dating to the early 20th Century. The Library may be found in the National Guard Memorial Building, One Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington DC 20001. The Edward Martin Memorial Library is managed and maintained by the National Guard Educational Foundation (NGEF).
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Auditor General of Pennsylvania 1925–1929 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Treasurer of Pennsylvania 1929–1933 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Governor of Pennsylvania 1943–1947 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chair of theNational Governors Association 1945–1946 | Succeeded by |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Republican nominee forTreasurer of Pennsylvania 1928 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chair of thePennsylvania Republican Party 1928–1934 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Republican nominee forGovernor of Pennsylvania 1942 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Republican nominee forU.S. Senator fromPennsylvania (Class 1) 1946,1952 | Succeeded by |
| Military offices | ||
| Previous: Edward C. Shannon | Commanding General 28th Infantry Division 1939–1942 | Succeeded by |
| U.S. Senate | ||
| Preceded by | United States Senator (Class 1) from Pennsylvania 1947–1959 Served alongside:Francis J. Myers,James H. Duff,Joseph S. Clark Jr. | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chair of theSenate Public Work Committee 1953–1955 | Succeeded by |
| Class 1 |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Class 3 | ||
| Notes | † Never officially seated | |
| Public Buildings (1838–1857) | | |
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| Public Buildings and Grounds (1857–1947) | ||
| Public Works (1947–1977) | ||
| Environment and Public Works (1977–present) | ||
| International | |
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| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
