Edgar Lee Masters | |
|---|---|
 Masters as a young man | |
| Born | (1868-08-23)August 23, 1868 Garnett, Kansas, U.S.[1] |
| Died | March 5, 1950(1950-03-05) (aged 81) |
| Resting place | Oakland cemetery, Petersburg, Illinois |
| Occupation |
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| Language | English |
| Notable awards | Robert Frost Medal(1942) |
Edgar Lee Masters (August 23, 1868 – March 5, 1950) was an American attorney, poet, biographer, and dramatist. He is the author ofSpoon River Anthology (1915),The New Star Chamber and Other Essays,Songs and Satires,The Great Valley,The Serpent in the Wilderness,An Obscure Tale,The Spleen,Mark Twain: A Portrait,Lincoln: The Man, andIllinois Poems. In all, Masters published twelve plays, twenty-one books of poetry, six novels and six biographies, including those ofAbraham Lincoln,Mark Twain,Vachel Lindsay, andWalt Whitman.
He was born inGarnett, Kansas, to attorney Hardin Wallace Masters and Emma Jerusha Dexter.[2] His father had briefly moved to set up a law practice, then soon moved back to his paternal grandparents' farm nearPetersburg inMenard County, Illinois. In 1880 they moved toLewistown, Illinois, where he attended high school and had his first publication in theChicago Daily News. The culture around Lewistown, in addition to the town's cemetery atOak Hill and the nearbySpoon River, were the inspirations for many of his works, most notablySpoon River Anthology, his most famous and acclaimed work.[3]
He attended Knox Academy in 1889–1890, a now defunct preparatory program run byKnox College, but was forced to leave by his family's inability to finance his education.[1]
After working in his father's law office, he wasadmitted to the Illinois bar and moved to Chicago, where he established a law partnership in 1893 with the law firm of Kickham Scanlan. He married twice. In 1898 he married Helen M. Jenkins, the daughter of Robert Edwin Jenkins, a lawyer in Chicago, and had three children. From 1903 to 1911, Masters was partners in the firm of Darrow, Masters and Wilson withClarence Darrow, the famous trial lawyer, andFrancis S. Wilson, who later served as Chief Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court.[4][5] In 1911 he started his own law firm, despite three years of unrest (1908–1911) caused by extramarital affairs and an argument with Darrow.[citation needed]
Two of his children followed him with literary careers. His daughterMarcia Masters pursued poetry, while his sonHilary Masters became a novelist. Hilary and his half-brother Hardin wrote a memoir of their father.[6]
Masters died in poverty at a nursing home on March 5, 1950, inMelrose Park, Pennsylvania, age 81.[7] He is buried in Oakland cemetery in Petersburg, Illinois. Hisepitaph includes his poem, "To-morrow is My Birthday" fromToward the Gulf (1918):
"Good friends, let's to the fields ...
After a little walk, and by your pardon,
I think I'll sleep. There is no sweeter thing,
Nor fate more blessed than to sleep.
I am a dream out of a blessed sleep –
Let's walk, and hear the lark."
Edgar's father was Hardin Wallace Masters, whose father was Squire Davis Masters, whose father was Thomas Masters, whose father was Hillery Masters, the son of Robert Masters (born c. 1715,Prince George's County, Maryland, the son of William W. Masters and wife Mary Veatch Masters). Edgar Lee Masters wrote in his autobiography,Across Spoon River (1936), that his ancestor Hillery Masters was the son of "Knotteley" Masters, but family genealogies show that Hillery and Notley Masters were, in fact, brothers.[8]
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Masters first published his early poems and essays under the pseudonymDexter Wallace (after his mother's maiden name and his father's middle name) until the year 1903, when he joined the law firm ofClarence Darrow. Masters began developing as a notable American poet in 1914, when he began a series of poems (this time under the pseudonym Webster Ford) about his childhood experiences in western Illinois, which appeared inReedy's Mirror, a St. Louis publication.
In 1915 the series was bound into a volume and re-titledSpoon River Anthology. Years later, he wrote a memorable and invaluable account of the book's background and genesis, his working methods and influences, as well as its reception by the critics, favorable and hostile, in an autobiographical article notable for its human warmth and general interest.[9]
Although he never matched the success ofSpoon River Anthology, he published several other volumes of poems includingBook of Verses in 1898,Songs and Sonnets in 1910,The Great Valley in 1916,Song and Satires in 1916,The Open Sea in 1921,The New Spoon River in 1924,Lee in 1926,Jack Kelso in 1928,Lichee Nuts in 1930,Gettysburg, Manila, Acoma in 1930,Godbey, sequel toJack Kelso in 1931,The Serpent in the Wilderness in 1933,Richmond in 1934,Invisible Landscapes in 1935,The Golden Fleece of California in 1936,Poems of People in 1936,The New World in 1937, andMore People in 1939.[citation needed] Two of his later volumes were published by theDecker Press after its founder, James Decker, asked Masters for permission to print his work; Masters agreed andIllinois Poems was published in 1941 andAlong the Illinois was released in 1942.[10]
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Masters was awarded the Mark Twain Silver Medal in 1936, the Poetry Society of America medal in 1941, the Academy of American Poets Fellowship in 1942, and the Shelly Memorial Award in 1944. In 2014, he was inducted into the Chicago Literary Hall of Fame.[12]
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