Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

Nikephoros I of Constantinople

Edit links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected fromEcumenical Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople)

Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 806 to 815

For other people with the same name, seeNikephoros I (disambiguation).

Saint Nikephoros I of Constantinople
Nicephorus I of Constantinople trampling onJohn VII of Constantinople, miniature fromChludov Psalter.
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
Venerated in	Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church
Feast	13 March, 2 June

Saint Nicephorus I of Constantinople
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
Installed	12 April 806
Term ended	13 March 815
Predecessor	Tarasios of Constantinople
Successor	Theodotus I of Constantinople
Personal details
Born	c. 758 Constantinople
Died	(828-04-05)5 April 828 Constantinople
Denomination	Chalcedonian Christianity

Nikephoros I (Greek:Νικηφόρος;c. 758 – 5 April 828) was a Byzantine writer andEcumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 12 April 806 to 13 March 815.^[1]^[2]

Life

[edit]

He was born inConstantinople as the son of Theodore and Eudokia, of a strictly Orthodox family, which had suffered from the earlierIconoclasm. His father Theodore, one of the secretaries of EmperorConstantine V, had been scourged and banished toNicaea for his zealous support ofIconodules,^[3] and the son inherited the religious convictions of the father.

While still young Nicephorus was brought to the court, where he became an imperial secretary and entered the service of the Empire. UnderEmpress Irene of Athens he took part in thesynod of 787 of Nicaea as imperial commissioner. He then withdrew to one of thecloisters that he had founded on theThracian Bosporus. There he devoted himself to ascetic practices and to the study both of secular learning, asgrammar,mathematics, andphilosophy, and theScriptures. Around 802 he was recalled and appointed director of the largest hospital for the destitute in Constantinople.^[3]

After the death of the PatriarchTarasios of Constantinople, there was great division among the clergy and higher court officials as to the choice of his successor. Although still alayman, Nicephorus was chosen patriarch by the wish of the emperor (Easter, 12 April 806). The uncanonical choice met with opposition from the strictly clerical party of theStoudites,^[3] and this opposition intensified into an open break when Nicephorus I, in other respects a very rigid moralist, showed himself compliant to the will of the emperor by reinstating the excommunicated priest Joseph.

After vain theological disputes, in December 814, there followed personal insults. Nicephorus I at first replied to his removal from his office by excommunication, but at last, under EmperorLeo V the Armenian was obliged to yield to force, and was taken to one of the cloisters he had founded,Tou Agathou, and later to that calledTou Hagiou Theodorou. From there he carried on a literarypolemic for the cause of theiconodules against thesynod of 815. On the occasion of the change of emperors, in 820, he was put forward as a candidate for the patriarchate and at least obtained the promise of toleration.

He died at the monastery of Saint Theodore (Hagiou Theodorou), revered as aconfessor.^[4] His remains were solemnly brought back to Constantinople byMethodios I of Constantinople on 13 March 847 and interred in theChurch of the Holy Apostles, where they were annually the object of imperial devotion. His feast is celebrated on this day both in the Greek and Roman Churches; the Greeks also observe 2 June as the day of his death.

Works

[edit]

Compared withTheodore the Studite, Nicephorus I appears as a friend of conciliation, learned inpatristics, more inclined to take the defensive than the offensive, and possessed of a comparatively chaste, simple style. He was mild in his ecclesiastical and monastical rules and non-partisan in his historical treatment of the period from 602 to 769 (Historia syntomos, breviarium). He used the chronicle ofTrajan the Patrician but deliberately chose not to name the source so as to connect himself to the historical tradition ofTheophylact Simocatta.^[5]^[6] TheShort History is thematically focused around the matter of the offices of emperor and patriarch.^[7] Nicephorus I attempted to salvage the reputation of the patriarchate by criticising iconoclast patriarchs for submitting to the emperor, not for being iconoclasts.^[8] EmperorHeraclius was the ideal emperor in Nicephorus I's scheme because of how he worked alongside patriarchSergius I of Constantinople, but also how Sergius I helped to defend Constantinople from theAvars in 626 as well as the patriarch's ability to discipline the emperor for his marriage to his nieceMartina. Heraclius failure to heed the Egyptian patriarch's advice is what ultimately brought about the Arab conquest of Egypt.^[9]

His tables of universal history,Chronography orChronographikon Syntomon, in passages extended and continued, were in great favor with the Byzantines, and were also circulated outside the Empire in the Latin version ofAnastasius Bibliothecarius, and also in Slavonic translation. TheChronography offered a universal history from the time ofAdam and Eve to his own time. To it he appended a canon catalog (which does not include theBook of Revelation ofJohn of Patmos). The catalog of the accepted books of the Old and New Testaments is followed by theantilegomena (includingRevelation) and theapocrypha. Next to each book is the count of its lines, hisStichometry of Nicephorus, to which we can compare our accepted texts and judge how much has been added or omitted. This is especially useful for apocrypha for which only fragmentary texts have survived.

The principal works of Nicephorus I are three writings referring toiconoclasm:

Apologeticus minor, probably composed before 814, an explanatory work for laymen concerning the tradition and the first phase of the iconoclastic movement;
Apologeticus major with the threeAntirrhetici against Mamonas-Constantine Kopronymos, a completedogmatics of the belief in images, with an exhaustive discussion and refutation of all objections made in opposing writings, as well as those drawn from the works of theChurch Fathers;
The third of these larger works is a refutation of the iconoclastic synod of 815 (ed. Serruys, Paris, 1904).

Nicephorus I follows in the path ofJohn of Damascus. His merit is the thoroughness with which he traced the literary and traditional proofs, and his detailed refutations are serviceable for the knowledge they afford of important texts adduced by his opponents and in part drawn from the older church literature.

Notes and references

[edit]

^St. Nicephorus,Patriarch of Constantinople, 806–815, birth about 758; death 5 April 828.
^Paul J. Alexander,The Patriarch Nicephorus of Constantinople,Oxford University Press, 1958.
^^a ^b ^cJohann Peter Kirsch, "St. Nicephorus", Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 11, New York, Robert Appleton Company, 1911 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
^"Martyrs and Confessors", Orthodox Church in America.
^Treadgold, Warren (2011). "Trajan the Patrician, Nicephorus, and Theophanes". In Bumazhnov, Dmitrij; Grypeou, Emmanouela; Sailors, Timothy B.; Toepel, Alexander (eds.).Bibel, Byzanz, und christlicher Orient - Festschrift für Stephen Gerö zum 65, Geburtstag. Louven:Peeters Publishers. pp. 589–621.
^Marjanović, Dragoljub (2018).Creating Memories in Late 8th-century Byzantium - The Short History of Nikephoros of Constantinople. Amsterdam:Amsterdam University Press. pp. 65–70.
^Marjanović,Creating Memories in Late 8th-century Byzantium, 122–126.
^Marjanović,Creating Memories in Late 8th-century Byzantium, 208–214.
^Marjanović,Creating Memories in Late 8th-century Byzantium, 122–147.

External links

[edit]

Development of the Canon of the New Testament - the Stichometry of Nicephorus
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Nicephorus".Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Titles of Chalcedonian Christianity
Preceded by Tarasios	Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople 806 – 815	Succeeded by Theodotus I

v t e Bishops of Byzantium and Patriarchs ofConstantinople
Bishops ofByzantium (Roman period, 38–330 AD)	Andrew Stachys Onesimus Polycarpus I Plutarch Sedecion Diogenes Eleutherius Felix Polycarpus II Athenodorus Euzois Laurence Alypius Pertinax Olympianus Marcus I Philadelphus Cyriacus I Castinus Eugenius I Titus Dometius Rufinus Probus Metrophanes Alexander
Archbishops ofConstantinople (Roman period, 330–451 AD)	Alexander Paul I Eusebius Macedonius I Eudoxius Evagrius Demophilus Maximus I Gregory I Nectarius John I Chrysostom Arsacius Atticus Sisinnius I Nestorius Maximianus Proclus Flavian Anatolius
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Byzantine period, 451–1453 AD)	Anatolius Gennadius I Acacius Fravitta Euphemius Macedonius II Timothy I John II Epiphanius Anthimus I Menas Eutychius John III John IV Cyriacus II Thomas I Sergius I Pyrrhus Paul II Peter Thomas II John V Constantine I Theodore I George I Paul III Callinicus I Cyrus John VI Germanus I Anastasius Constantine II Nicetas I Paul IV Tarasius Nicephorus I Theodotus I Antony I John VII Methodius I Ignatios Photios I Stephen I Antony II Nicholas I Εuthymius I Stephen II Tryphon Theophylact Polyeuctus Βasil I Αntony III Nicholas II Sisinnius II Sergius II Eustathius Alexius Michael I Constantine III John VIII Cosmas I Eustratius Nicholas III John IX Leo Michael II Cosmas II Nicholas IV Theodotus II Neophytus I Constantine IV Luke Michael III Chariton Theodosius I Basil II Nicetas II Leontius Dositheus George II John X Michael IV^† Theodore II^† Maximus II^† Μanuel I^† Germanus II^† Methodius II^† Manuel II^† Arsenius^† Nicephorus II^† Germanus III Joseph I John XI Gregory II Athanasius I John XII Nephon I John XIII Gerasimus I Isaias John XIV Isidore I Callistus I Philotheus Macarius Nilus Antony IV Callistus II Matthew I Euthymius II Joseph II Metrophanes II Gregory III Athanasius II
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Ottoman period, 1453–1923 AD)	Gennadius II Isidore II Joasaph I Sophronius I Mark II Symeon I Dionysius I Raphael I Maximus III Nephon II Maximus IV Joachim I Pachomius I Theoleptus I Jeremias I Joannicius I Dionysius II Joasaph II Metrophanes III Jeremias II Pachomius II Theoleptus II Matthew II Gabriel I Theophanes I Meletius I Neophytus II Raphael II Cyril I Timothy II Gregory IV Anthimus II Cyril II Athanasius III Neophytus III Parthenius I Parthenius II Joannicius II Cyril III Paisius I Parthenius III Gabriel II Parthenius IV Dionysius III Clement Methodius III Dionysius IV Gerasimus II Athanasius IV James Callinicus II Neophytus IV Gabriel III Neophytus V Cyprianus Athanasius V Cyril IV Cosmas III Jeremias III (Callinicus III) Paisius II Seraphim I Neophytus VI Cyril V Callinicus IV (III) Seraphim II Joannicius III Samuel Meletius II Theodosius II Sophronius II Gabriel IV Procopius Neophytus VII Gerasimus III Gregory V Callinicus V (IV) Jeremias IV Cyril VI Eugenius II Anthimus III Chrysanthus Agathangelus Constantius I Constantius II Gregory VI Anthimus IV Anthimus V Germanus IV Meletius III Anthimus VI Cyril VII Joachim II Sophronius III Joachim III Joachim IV Dionysius V Neophytus VIII Anthimus VII Constantine V Germanus V Meletius IV
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Turkish period, since 1923 AD)	Gregory VII Constantine VI Basil III Photius II Benjamin Maximus V Athenagoras Demetrius Bartholomew
^† in exile atNicaea Christianity portal

v t e Byzantine historians
5th century	Annianus of Alexandria Eunapius John Rufus Malchus Olympiodorus of Thebes Panodorus of Alexandria Philostorgius Priscus Sabinus of Heraclea Socrates of Constantinople Sozomen Theodoret
6th century	Agathias Cyril of Scythopolis Eustathius of Epiphania Evagrius Scholasticus Hesychius of Miletus John Diakrinomenos John of Ephesus John of Epiphania Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor Jordanes John Malalas Liberatus of Carthage Marcellinus Comes Menander Protector Nonnosus Peter the Patrician Procopius Theodorus Lector Theophanes of Byzantium Zacharias Rhetor Zosimus
7th century	John of Antioch Trajan the Patrician Theophylact Simocatta
8th century	Hippolytus of Thebes
9th century	Theophanes the Confessor George Syncellus Nikephoros I of Constantinople George Hamartolos Scriptor Incertus
10th century	Constantine VII Joseph Genesius John Kaminiates Leo the Deacon Pseudo-Simeon Symeon Logothete Theophanes Continuatus
11th century	Michael Attaleiates George Kedrenos Michael Psellos John Skylitzes John Xiphilinus Yahya of Antioch
12th century	Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger Niketas Choniates Eustathius of Thessalonica Michael Glykas Anna Komnene John Kinnamos Constantine Manasses Joannes Zonaras
13th century	George Akropolites Theodore Skoutariotes
14th century	Nicephorus Gregoras Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos John VI Kantakouzenos George Pachymeres Michael Panaretos
15th century	John Anagnostes John Cananus Laonikos Chalkokondyles Michael Critobulus Doukas George Sphrantzes Pseudo-George Kodinos

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF 2 3 GND FAST
National	United States France BnF data Italy Czech Republic Spain 2 Netherlands Norway Greece Sweden Poland Vatican Israel Catalonia Belgium
Academics	CiNii
People	Deutsche Biographie DDB
Other	IdRef Yale LUX

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I_of_Constantinople&oldid=1286924253"

Categories:

Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭