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Dublin is the largest city and capital ofIreland, and is the country's economic hub. As well as being the location of thenational parliament and most of thecivil service, Dublin is also the focal point ofmedia in the country. Much of Ireland'stransportation network radiates from the city, andDublin Port is responsible for a large proportion of Ireland's import and export trade.
Dublin is home to a number ofmultinational corporations, including in "hi tech" sectors such asinformation technology,digital media,financial services and thepharmaceutical industry. Dublin is also the location of the headquarters of several large Irish public companies includingBank of Ireland,DCC plc,AIB Group,Ardagh Group,CRH plc,Ryanair,Smurfit Kappa andFlutter Entertainment (formerly Paddy Power Betfair). Many of Ireland'spublic sector and state owned employers are based in Dublin including utility companies such asESB Group, educational institutions such asTrinity College Dublin,University College Dublin,Dublin City University andTechnological University Dublin and most of Ireland's higher courts,RTÉ (Irelands national public service broadcaster), and severalteaching hospitals. Other employers service the tourism and retail markets.
In 2017 Dublin ranked 1st in Ireland bydisposable income per person, at 110% of the State average.[1]
In 2008, it was the city with the 2nd highest wages in the world,[2] dropping to 10th place in 2009,[3] and, according to aBrookings Institution report in 2012, had the 14th highest income per capita in the world at $55,578 (€42,960).[4]
As of 2011,Mercer's 2011 Worldwide Cost of Living Survey listed Dublin as the 13th most expensive city in theEuropean Union (down from 10th in 2010), and the 58th most expensive place to live in the world (down from 42nd in 2010).[5] Similar surveys of ex-pats in 2015 and 2017 ranked the city as the 49th and 47th most expensive city respectively.[6][7]
According to 2023 figures, theGDP of theDublin Region was approximately €248.3 billion ($271.5 billion),[8] representing over 40% of Irish GDP, and ranking 3rd amongEuropean metropolitan areas byGross metropolitan product.[citation needed]
According to 2025 figures, Dublin had a GDP per capita of $115,000, making it the richest city in Europe by GDP per capita.[9]
Dublin was at the centre of Ireland'srapid economic growth from 1995 to 2007 when both the standards and the cost of living in the city rose dramatically. By 2018, theEconomic and Social Research Institute reported that the concentration of population and economic activity in Dublin (accounting for approximately 50% of all economic activity in the country) was "unsustainable".[10] TheIrish Times also queried whether the lack of available rental accommodation in the capital would impact Dublin's economic growth.[11]
Dublin is the capital of Ireland, and many of the jobs in theIrish Civil Service are based in the centralDublin 1 and Dublin 2postal districts.[12]
In 1994,County Dublin, which excluded the city, was divided into three local government areas:Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown,South Dublin andFingal.
Ireland's two longest canals, theRoyal Canal and theGrand Canal, meet in Dublin Bay. The Irish railway system radiates from Dublin run byIrish Rail. Similarly, a number of routes in the Irish road system spread outwards from Dublin.Dublin Port is Ireland's largest port facility.[13] The port ofDún Laoghaire is also located within the county.
Dublin Airport is the biggest and busiest in Ireland, with two terminals, handling almost 33 million passengers annually (as of 2019).[14] The Irish airlinesAer Lingus,CityJet andRyanair have their own head offices in Dublin.[15]
Heuston andConnolly stations are the two main railway stations in Dublin. Operated byIarnród Éireann, theDublin Suburban Rail network consists of five railway lines serving the Greater Dublin Area and commuter towns such asDrogheda andDundalk inCounty Louth. One of these lines is the electrifiedDublin Area Rapid Transit (DART) line, which runs primarily along the coast fromMalahide andHowth southwards as far asGreystones.[16]Commuter rail operates on the other four lines using Irish Raildiesel multiple units. In 2016, passengers journeys for DART and Dublin Suburban lines were nearly 19 million and 11.9 million, respectively (around 64% of all Irish Rail passengers).[17]
TheLuas is an electrifiedlight rail system which has been operating since 2004 and carried over 47 million passengers annually (as of 2024).[18] The network consists of two tram lines; theRed Line links theDocklands and city centre with the south-western suburbs, while theGreen Line connects the city centre with suburbs to the south of the city.[19]
As of mid-2017, approximately 874,400 people were employed in theGreater Dublin Area (which includes counties Meath, Kildare and Wicklow). Around 60% of people who are employed in Ireland's financial, Information and Communications Technology (ICT), and professional services sectors are located in this area.[20]
Dublin is home to a number of national newspapers, radio stations, television stations and telephone companies.RTÉ is Ireland's national state broadcaster, and is based inDonnybrook.Virgin Media One,MTV Ireland andSky News are also based in the city. The headquarters ofAn Post and telecommunications companies such asEir, as well as mobile operatorsMeteor,Vodafone and3 are all located in the Dublin area. Dublin is also the headquarters of national newspapers such asThe Irish Times,Irish Independent andThe Herald.
One of Ireland's most widely known alcoholic drinks,Guinness, has been brewed at theSt. James's Gate Brewery since 1759.[21] Dublin also profited from the role of the beef industry.[22]
A number of IT companies are located in the city, including in the south inner area ofDublin 2, and the adjacent counties. Among these areAmazon,eBay,Dell,Facebook,Zynga,Dropbox,LinkedIn,Indeed,Twitter,Google,EMC,Microsoft,Oracle,PayPal,SAP,Symantec, andYahoo!. A number of these organisations have premises in theSilicon Docks area of the city.[23][citation needed]
The area surrounding Ireland's capital city has the largest concentration of large-scale data centre operations in the country,[24] including global operations run by Google, Microsoft and Amazon.[25][26] Companies involved in the cloud computing sector include Citrix, EMC2, Dropbox, Salesforce andZendesk.[27]
In 2017 and 2018 respectively, Dublin was ranked 5th in Europe and 31st globally in theGlobal Financial Centres Index (GFCI).[28][29] Many of the jobs in Dublin's financial services sector are based at theInternational Financial Services Centre in theDublin Docklands area.[30] Also located in Dublin is theIrish Stock Exchange (ISEQ).
Ireland's largest retail and shopping centres are located in the Dublin area, includingDundrum Town Centre (140,000 square metres, 160 stores) andBlanchardstown Centre (120,000 square metres, 180 stores).[31][32] Within the city centre, the "prime retail streets" includeHenry Street andGrafton Street.[33] A 2013 report, forIbec and Retail Ireland, indicated that Dublin was the "main national hub of retail activity", accounting for 25% of the country's retail entities, and approximately 50% of national employment in the sector.[34]
Several of Ireland's most visited tourist attractions are in the Dublin area, including theGuinness Storehouse (nearly 1.8 million visitors in 2017),Dublin Zoo (1.2m visitors in 2017), and theNational Gallery of Ireland (more than 1 million visitors).[35] As of 2016, Dublin attracted over 5.6 million overseas visitors, generating over €1.9 in revenue.[36]
Higher education institutions contributed €10.6 billion to the national economy in 2011.[37] This included nearly €1 billion from international students,[38] where 57% of these international students are based in the Dublin region.[39] As a university city, several of the largest universities and colleges are located in the capital, including the largest (University College Dublin – UCD), and one of the oldest (Trinity College Dublin).[40] A 2014 study indicated that the three universities in Dublin (Dublin City University, Trinity College, and UCD) were among the top institutions for economic impact nationally.[41]
Dublin Port is the largest freight and passenger port in Ireland
There are currently 46 active data centres in total in the Republic, with the largest cluster based in and around Dublin
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