| Eastern Pwo | |
|---|---|
| ဖၠုံ, ဖၠုံယှိုဝ်,[1]ဖၠုံဘာႋသာ့ဆ်ုခၠါင်, ဖၠုံဆ်ုခၠါင်[citation needed] | |
| Native to | Myanmar,Thailand |
| Ethnicity | Pwo Karen people |
Native speakers | (1,050,000 cited 1998)[2] |
| Mon-Burmese script (various alphabets) Leke script,Thai script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | kjp |
| Glottolog | pwoe1235 |
| This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. | |
Eastern Pwo orPhlou,(Pwo Eastern Karen:ဖၠုံ, ဖၠုံယှိုဝ်,[1]ဖၠုံဘာႋသာ့ဆ်ုခၠါင်, ဖၠုံဆ်ုခၠါင်[citation needed],Burmese:အရှေ့ပိုးကရင်) is aKaren language spoken byEastern Pwo people and over a million people inMyanmar and by about 50,000 inThailand, where it has been calledSouthern Pwo. It is not intelligible withother varieties of Pwo, with which it shares 63 to 65%lexical similarity.[1] The Eastern Pwo dialects share 91 to 97% lexical similarity.[1]
A script calledLeke was developed between 1830 and 1860 and is used by members of the millenarian Leke sect of Buddhism. Otherwise, a variety ofMon-Burmese alphabets are used, and refugees in Thailand have created aThai alphabet that is in limited use.
The following displays the phonological features of two of the eastern Pwo Karen dialects, Pa'an and Tavoy:
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɨ | ɯ | u |
| Near-high | ɪ | ʊ | ||
| High-mid | e | ɤ | o | |
| Low-mid | ɛ | ɔ | ||
| Low | a | |||
Four tones are present in Eastern Pwo:
| Tones | |
|---|---|
| v́ | ˦ |
| v̄ | ˧ |
| v̀ | ˨ |
| v̂ | ˥˩ |
The alphabet used for Eastern Pwo Karen language is inMon-Burmese script.
The Eastern Pwo alphabet contains 36 letters, including 3 unique to the language (in gold), and one shared with Mon.[4]
က k | ခ kh | ဂ g | ဃ gh | င nga |
စ ca | ဆ cha | ဇ ja | ဈ jha | ည nnya |
ဋ ṭa | ဌ ṭha | ဍ ḍa | ဎ ḍha | ၮ ṇa |
တ t | ထ th | ဒ da | ဓ dha | န na |
ပ pa | ဖ pha | ဗ ba | ဘ bha | မ ma |
ယ ya | ရ ra | လ la | ဝ va | သ sa |
ဟ ha | ဠ la | အ a | ||
ၜ ḅa | ၯ ywa | ၰ ghwa |
| Number | Numeral | Name |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | ၀ ploh plih | ပၠဝ်ပၠေ/သြုံ့ |
| 1 | ၁ luh | လ်ု လုဟ် |
| 2 | ၂ née | ၮီ့ |
| 3 | ၃ thuh | သိုင့် |
| 4 | ၄ lee | လီႋ |
| 5 | ၅ yeh | ယာဲ |
| 6 | ၆ hu | ၰူ့ |
| 7 | ၇ nwey | နိုဲ့ |
| 8 | ၈ xoh | ၰိုတ် |
| 9 | ၉ khwee | ခုဲ့ |
| 10 | ၁၀ luh chi/chi | လ်ုဆီ့(ဆီ့) |
| 11 | ၁၁ chi luh | ဆီ့လ်ု |
| 12 | ၁၂ chi ne | ဆီ့ၮီ့ |
| 20 | ၂၀ ne chi | ၮီ့ဆီ့ |
| 21 | ၂၁ ne chi luh | ၮီ့ဆီ့လ်ု |
| 22 | ၂၂ ne chi ne | ၮီ့ဆီ့ၮီ့ |
| 100 | ၁၀၀ luh pong/pong | လ်ုဖင်ႋ(ဖင်ႋ) |
| 101 | ၁၀၁ luh pong luh | လ်ုဖင်ႋလ်ု |
| 1 000 | ၁ ၀၀၀ luh muh/muh | လ်ုမိုင့်(မိုင့်) |
| 10 000 | ၁ ၀၀၀၀ luh lah/lah | လ်ုလာ(လာ) |
| 100 000 | ၁၀၀ ၀၀၀ luh thay/thay | လ်ုလုဂ်(လုဂ်)/လ်ုသိင်ႋ(သိင်ႋ) |
The Eastern Pwo Karen numeric symbols have beenproposed for encoding in a futureBurmese Unicode block.
Due to the close approximation to Thailand, the Eastern Pwo Karen adopts Thai'sdecimal word,chut, (Karen: ကျူဒ်, ကျူ(ဒ်); Thai: จุด; English: and, dot). For example, 1.01 isluh chut ploh plih luh (လ်ု ပၠဝ်ပၠေလ်ု).
Fractions are formed by sayingpuh (ပုံႉ) after the numeratorand the denominator. For example, one-third (1/3) would beluh puh thuh puh (လ်ုပုံသိုင့်ပုံ) and three over one, three-"oneths" (3/1) would bethuh puh luh puh (သိုင့်ပုံလ်ုပုံ).
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