Part ofa series on the
Eastern Orthodox Church
Mosaic ofChrist Pantocrator,Hagia Sophia
Overview
Structure Theology (History of theology) Liturgy Church history Holy Mysteries View of Salvation View of Mary View of icons
Background Crucifixion / Resurrection / Ascension of Jesus Christianity Christian Church Apostolic succession Four Marks of the Church Orthodoxy
Organization Autonomy Autocephaly Patriarchate Ecumenical Patriarch Episcopal polity Canon law Clergy Bishops Priests Deacons Monasticism Degrees Bratstvo
Autocephalous jurisdictions Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion: Constantinople Alexandria Antioch Jerusalem Russia Serbia Romania Bulgaria Georgia Cyprus Greece Poland Albania Czech Lands and Slovakia Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churchesde jure: America North Macedonia Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: Ukraine (OCU) Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church: Ukraine (UOC)
Autonomous jurisdictions Sinai (JP) Finland (EP) Estonia (EP) Japan (MP) China (MP) Americas (RP) Bessarabia (RP) Moldova (MP) Semi-Autonomous: Crete (EP) Estonia (MP) ROCOR (MP)
Episcopal assemblies Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania Austria Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg Canada France Germany Great Britain and Ireland Italy and Malta Latin America Scandinavia Spain and Portugal Switzerland and Liechtenstein United States of America
Noncanonical jurisdictions Old Believers Spiritual Christianity True Orthodoxy Catacomb Church Old Calendarists American Orthodox Catholic Church American World Patriarchs National churches: Abkhazia Belarus Italy Latvia Montenegro Turkey UOC–KP Evangelical Orthodox
Ecumenical councils First Seven Ecumenical Councils: Nicaea I Constantinople I Ephesus Chalcedon Constantinople II Constantinople III Nicaea II Other possible ecumenical councils: Constantinople IV Constantinople V Other important councils: Quinisext Council Jassy Moscow Jerusalem Constantinople (1872)
History Church Fathers Pentarchy Byzantine Empire Christianization of Georgia Christianization of Bulgaria Christianization of Kievan Rus' Great Schism Russia Ottoman Empire North America Moscow–Constantinople schism 15th–16th c. 1996 2018
Theology History of Eastern Orthodox theology (20th century (Neo-Palamism)) Apophaticism Chrismation Contemplative prayer Essence vs. Energies Hesychasm Holy Trinity Hypostatic union Icons Metousiosis Mystical theology Nicene Creed Nepsis Oikonomia vsAkribeia Ousia Palamism Philokalia Phronema Sin Theosis Theotokos Differences from the Catholic Church Opposition to the Filioque Opposition to papal supremacy
Liturgy and worship Divine Liturgy Divine Services Akathist Apolytikion Artos Ectenia Euchologion Holy Water Iconostasis Jesus Prayer Aprakos Kontakion Liturgical entrances Liturgical fans Lity Memorial service Memory Eternal Omophorion Eastern Orthodox bowing Eastern Orthodox marriage Praxis Paraklesis Paschal greeting Paschal Homily Paschal troparion Prayer rope Prosphora Russian bell ringing Semantron Sign of the cross Sticheron Troparion Vestments Use of incense
Liturgical calendar Paschal cycle 12 Great Feasts Other feasts: Feast of Orthodoxy Intercession of the Theotokos The four fasting periods: Nativity Fast Great Lent Apostles' Fast Dormition Fast
Major figures Saints (Russian (until 15th century),Russian (post-15th century),Serbian,American) Justin Martyr Athanasius of Alexandria Ephraim the Syrian Basil of Caesarea Cyril of Jerusalem Gregory of Nazianzus Gregory of Nyssa John Chrysostom Cyril of Alexandria John Climacus Maximus the Confessor John of Damascus Theodore the Studite Kassia Cyril and Methodius Photius I of Constantinople Vladimir the Great Sava I of Serbia Gregory Palamas Innocent of Alaska
Other topics Architecture Folk Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs Cross Saint titles Statistics by country
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Eastern Orthodoxy constitutes the second largest Christian denomination in Europe. Eastern Orthodox Christians are predominantly present inEastern andSoutheastern Europe, and they are also significantly represented in diaspora throughout the Continent. The term "Eastern Orthodox Europe" is informally used to describe the predominantly Eastern Orthodox countries ofBosnia,Belarus,Bulgaria,Cyprus,Georgia,Greece,Moldova,Montenegro,North Macedonia,Romania,Russia,Serbia andUkraine.

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Almost all of Eastern Orthodox Europe became part ofcommunist states afterWorld War II, either through directannexation by theUSSR or indirect Soviet dominance throughsatellite states.^[1]

• Eastern Orthodoxy in Moldova, 97.0% (2017 census)^[2]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece, 90%^[2]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Serbia, 84.6% (2011 census)^[3]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Georgia, 83.4% (2014 census)^[4]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Romania, 81.0% (2015 census)^[5]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Russia, 79% (est.)[2]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Bulgaria, 77% (2011 census)^[6]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Cyprus, 73.2% (est.)[7]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Belarus, 73% (2011 census)^[8]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Montenegro, 72.1% (2011 census)^[9]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in North Macedonia, 69.6% (est.)[10]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Ukraine, 67.3% (est.)[11]

• Eastern Orthodoxy in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 31.0% (2013 census)^[12]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Latvia, 19.4% (2011 census)^[13]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Estonia, 16.15% (2011 census)^[14]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Austria, 8.8% (2018 census)^[15]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Albania, 8% (2023 census)^[16]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Lithuania, 4.9% (2011 census)^[17]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Croatia, 4.44% (2011 census)^{[citation needed]}
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Italy, 3.5%^{[citation needed]}
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Germany, 2.4%^[18]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Slovenia, 2.3% (2002 census)^{[citation needed]}
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Spain, 2.2% (by Wikipedia)
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Poland, 1.5% (by Wikipedia)^{[citation needed]}
• Eastern Orthodoxy in the Republic of Ireland, 1.3% (2017)^{[citation needed]}
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Finland, 1.09% (2020 census)^[19]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Slovakia, 0.9% (2011 census)^[20]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Norway, 0.22% (2012)^{[citation needed]}
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Armenia, 0.2% (2022 census)^[21]
• Eastern Orthodoxy in Hungary, 0.1% (2011 census)^[22]

• Byzantine commonwealth
• Mount Athos

• Victoria Clark (21 November 2011).Why Angels Fall: A Journey Through Orthodox Europe from Byzantium to Kosovo. Pan Macmillan.ISBN 978-1-4472-1639-1.
• Jonathan Shepard (2007).The Expansion of Orthodox Europe: Byzantium, the Balkans and Russia. Ashgate Variorum.ISBN 978-0-7546-5920-4.
• Jonathan Sutton; William Peter van den Bercken (2003).Orthodox Christianity and Contemporary Europe: Selected Papers of the International Conference Held at the University of Leeds, England, in June 2001. Peeters Publishers. pp. 92–.ISBN 978-90-429-1266-3.
• Alexandru Duţu (1 January 1998).Political Models and National Identities in "Orthodox Europe". Babel.ISBN 978-973-48-1042-0.
• Kiminas, Demetrius (2009).The Ecumenical Patriarchate: A History of Its Metropolitanates with Annotated Hierarch Catalogs. Wildside Press LLC.ISBN 9781434458766.
• Obolensky, Dimitri (1974) [1971].The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500-1453. London: Cardinal.ISBN 9780351176449.
• Ostrogorsky, George (1956).History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

• Eastern Orthodoxy in Europe

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