The region encompasses most ofWestern Armenia and had a large population of indigenousArmenians until theArmenian genocide. TheAnatolia peninsula historically never encompassed what is now called "Eastern Anatolia" which was, instead, referred to as theArmenian highlands. The term "Armenia" was banned by Ottoman authorities in the 1880s, and the region was officially renamed "Eastern Anatolia" by the Turkish successor state in the 1920s.[2] This has been characterized as an attempt by Turkey toerase the Armenian history of the region.[3][4] The region has the highest average altitude, largest geographical area, and lowest population density of the sevenTurkish regions.
The English-language nameAnatolia (Turkish:Anadolu) derives from theGreekἈνατολή (Anatolḗ) meaning "the East" and designating (from a Greek point of view) eastern regions in general.[7][8] Traditionally, Anatolia was considered to be a peninsula the eastern boundary of which was a line from theBlack Sea to theGulf of Alexandretta, which is to the west of what is now the Eastern Anatolia Region.[9][10] As a geographical term, this definition continues to be used.[11]
The region encompasses most ofWestern Armenia (Armenian:Արեւմտյան Հայաստան) and had a large population of indigenousArmenians until theArmenian genocide. TheAnatolia peninsula never encompassed what is now called "Eastern Anatolia", which has been seen as an attempt by Turkey to erase the Armenian history of the region.[4][12]
The total population of the region is 5,966,101 (2019 estimate), down from 6,100,000 at the 2000 census. The population density (40 inhabitants per square kilometre (100/sq mi)) is lower than the average for Turkey (98/km2 (250/sq mi)).[citation needed] The region has the second most rural population in Turkey after theBlack Sea region. Migration, especially to Marmara Region, is high. Migration to other regions and abroad is higher than the natural population increase. Until theArmenian genocide, the region also had a large population of indigenousArmenians, when it was also known asWestern Armenia, and in addition had significant minorities ofGeorgians,Pontic Greeks andCaucasus Greeks.[14][15][16]
Located in the Eastern Anatolia Region Aras and Kura rivers flooded the shed outside the territory of Turkey to the Caspian Sea. Euphrates, the Tigris and the Zab river waters are poured back onto the Persian Gulf Turkey outside.
The regime of the streams of the region is irregular. This is because; the irregularity of the precipitation regime and the fall of winter precipitation in the form of snow. As the snow falls on the ground for a long time without melting, the flow rates of the rivers decrease. The snow melting in spring and summer causes streams to increase their flow rates and flow enthusiastically. On the other hand, the rivers of the region have high hydroelectric energy potential. The reason for this is that it has high elevations and slopes.
Since most of the region is far from the sea, and has high altitude, it has a harshcontinental climate with long winters and short summers. During the winter, it is very cold and snowy, during summer the weather is cool in the highlands and warm in the lowlands.
The region's annual temperature difference is the highest in Turkey. Some areas in the region have different microclimates. As an example,Iğdır (nearMount Ararat) has a milder climate.
The region contains 11% percent of the total forested area ofTurkey, and it is rich in native plants and animals.Oak andyellow pine trees form the majority of the forests.
^* The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies – Page 3, by Richard G. Hovannisian – 2011
Cheterian, Vicken (2015).Open Wounds: Armenians, Turks and a Century of Genocide. Oxford and New York City: Oxford University Press. p. 65.ISBN978-1-84904-458-5.As a result of policies such as these, the expression Armenian Plateau, which had been used for centuries to denote the mountainous highlands around Lake Van and Lake Sevan, was eliminated and replaced by the expression 'eastern Anatolia'.
Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies. Vol. 14–16. Los Angeles. 2005. p. 55.Most of historical Armenia presently constitutes a part of Turkey (renamed "Eastern Anatolia"), which conducts a policy of minimizing the role of the Armenians in history{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Smith, Adam T. (December 2022)."Unseeing the Past: Archaeology and the Legacy of the Armenian Genocide".Current Anthropology.63 (S25):S56 –S90.doi:10.1086/722380.ISSN0011-3204.A 1916 decree issued by Enver Pasha, the Young Turks' minister of war, required that all place names of non-Muslim peoples, be they Armenian, Bulgarian, Greek, or other, should be rendered in Turkish. After 1923, the geographic province that had been referred to as Armenia since the sixth century BC was officially renamed 'eastern Anatolia.'
^abcdefCheterian, Vicken (2015).Open Wounds: Armenians, Turks and a Century of Genocide. Oxford and New York City: Oxford University Press. p. 65.ISBN978-1-84904-458-5.As a result of policies such as these, the expression Armenian Plateau, which had been used for centuries to denote the mountainous highlands around Lake Van and Lake Sevan, was eliminated and replaced by the expression 'eastern Anatolia'.
^abcSahakyan, Lusine (2010).Turkification of the Toponyms in the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. Montreal:Arod Books.ISBN978-0-9699879-7-0.
^Stephen Mitchell (1995).Anatolia: Land, Men, and Gods in Asia Minor. The Celts in Anatolia and the impact of Roman rule. Clarendon Press, 266 pp.ISBN978-0-19-815029-9[1]Archived 29 March 2017 at theWayback Machine
^abcdJournal of the Society for Armenian Studies. Vol. 14–16. Los Angeles. 2005. p. 55.Most of historical Armenia presently constitutes a part of Turkey (renamed "Eastern Anatolia"), which conducts a policy of minimizing the role of the Armenians in history{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Holslag, Anthonie (2018).The Transgenerational Consequences of the Armenian Genocide: Near the Foot of Mount Ararat. Springer. p. 26.ISBN978-3-319-69260-9.
^Hovanissian, Anush (2016). "Turkey: a Cultural Genocide". InChorbajian, Levon; Shirinian, George (eds.).Studies in Comparative Genocide. Springer. p. 149.ISBN978-1-349-27348-5.
^Bloxham, Donald (2003). "The Armenian Genocide of 1915-1916: Cumulative Radicalization and the Development of a Destruction Policy".Past & Present (181): 148.JSTOR3600788.Though no ethnicity comprised an absolute majority of the inhabitants of eastern Anatolia, Armenians formed a plurality, alongside Kurds.
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