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East Jersey

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Coordinates:40°28′01″N74°19′59″W / 40.467°N 74.333°W /40.467; -74.333

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

English possession in North America (1674–1702)

Province of East Jersey

1674–1702

Flag

The original provinces of West and East Jersey are shown in yellow and green, respectively. TheKeith Line is shown in red, and theCoxe–Barclay Line is shown in orange.

Status

Colony ofKingdom of England

Capital

Common languages

Religion

Government

Lord Proprietor

• 1674-1680

Sir George Carteret (initial)

Governor

• 1674–1682

Philip Carteret(first)

• 1699–1702

Andrew Hamilton(last)

History

• Established

1674

• Disestablished

1702

Preceded by

Succeeded by

Province of New Jersey

Province of New Jersey
Dominion of New England

TheProvince of East Jersey, along with the Province ofWest Jersey, between 1674 and 1702 in accordance with theQuintipartite Deed, were two distinct political divisions of theProvince of New Jersey, which became theU.S. state ofNew Jersey. The two provinces were amalgamated in 1702. East Jersey's capital was located atPerth Amboy. Determination of an exact location for a border between West Jersey and East Jersey was often a matter of dispute.

Between 1664 and 1674, most settlement was from other parts of the Americas, especiallyNew England,Long Island, and theWest Indies.Elizabethtown andNewark in particular had a strongPuritan character. South of theRaritan River theMonmouth Tract was developed primarily byQuakers from Long Island. In 1675, East Jersey was partitioned into four counties for administrative purposes: Bergen County,Essex County,Middlesex County, andMonmouth County. There were seven established towns:Shrewsbury,Middleton,Piscataway,Woodbridge,Elizabethtown,Newark, andBergen. In a survey taken in 1684, the population was estimated to be 3,500 individuals in about 700 families (African slaves were not included).

Although a number of the East Jersey proprietors in England were Quakers and the governor through most of the 1680s was the leading QuakerRobert Barclay, the Quaker influence on government was not significant. Even the immigration instigated by Barclay was oriented toward promoting Scottish influence more than Quaker influence. In 1682, Barclay and the other Scottish proprietors began the development of Perth Amboy as the capital of the province. In 1687,James II permitted ships to be cleared at Perth Amboy.^[1]

Frequent disputes between the residents and the mostly-absentee proprietors over land ownership and quitrents plagued the province until its surrender toQueen Anne's government in 1702.

Summary of Boundary Lines^[2]
Date	Boundary Name	Description
1674	Original Duke of York Line (did not recognize John Fenwick's holdings)	Barnegat Bay to Rancocas Creek on the Delaware River just north of present-day Philadelphia.
1676	Quintipartite Deed Line (between George Carteret on the East, and William Penn, Gawen Lawrie, Nicholas Lucas, and Edward Byllynge on the West, except for 10% to John Fenwick)	On the north from a point 41° 40' latitude on the Delaware River extending southward on a straight and direct line to the east side ofLittle Egg Harbor.
1687	William Emley /John Reid Adjustment (commissioners from West and East Jersey respectively)	Adjusted description on the Delaware fifty minutes more westerly due to magnetic compass variation
1687	Keith Line aka Province Line (Surveyed north only to the south branch of the Raritan River)	Stopped by Governor Daniel Coxe of West Jersey and Governor Robert Barclay of East Jersey
1688	Coxe-Barclay Line Survey	Extended the Keith Line from the Raritan River along specific properties that defined the eastern boundaries of present- day Morris and Sussex Counties and the northern border of Somerset County
1696	Thornton Line Survey	Attempted to correct errors from previous surveys
1702	East and West Jersey United	Violence became so obsessive, that East and West proprietors gave up their individual governing rights to Queen Anne
1743	Lawrence Line Survey (Land ownership disputes continued. West Jersey proprietors attempted to fund survey but failed. East Jersey Proprietors then hired John Lawrence)	Adopted by NJ supreme court in 1855 as the final arbiter of all land disputes. Today defines boundary for Walpack, Sandyston, Stillwater, Hampton, and Green Townships

Constitution

[edit]

See:History of the New Jersey State Constitution#East Jersey Constitution

Governors of East Jersey (1674–1702)

[edit]

Philip Carteret	1674–1682
Robert Barclay	1682–1688
Edmund Andros	1688–1689	Governed as theDominion of New England
Andrew Hamilton	1692–1697
Jeremiah Basse	1698–1699
Andrew Hamilton	1699–1702

References

[edit]

^"America and West Indies: October 1697."Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 16, 1697-1698. Ed. J W Fortescue. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1905. 1-4.British History Online website Retrieved 15 March 2019.
^Snyder, John."The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968"(PDF).

External links

[edit]

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Related documents
Discourse Concerning Western Planting(1584) Mayflower Compact(1620) Mourt's Relation(1622) Of Plymouth Plantation(1630–1651) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut(1638) Quintipartite Deed(1676)
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