East Godavari district | |
|---|---|
   Clockwise from top-left: Kovvur Shivalayam, Golingeshwara Temple nearBiccavole,Godavari bridges near Rajamahendravaram | |
.svg) Location in Andhra Pradesh | |
 Interactive map of East Godavari district | |
| Coordinates:16°59′46″N81°48′01″E / 16.9961°N 81.8003°E /16.9961; 81.8003 | |
| Country |  India |
| State |  Andhra Pradesh |
| Region | Coastal Andhra |
| Headquarters | Rajamahendravaram |
| Mandalas | 19[1] |
| Government | |
| • District collector | Dr K Madhavi Latha, IAS[4] |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | Rajamahendravaram |
| • Assembly constituencies | 7 |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,560.70 km2 (988.69 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 1,832,332 |
| • Density | 715.559/km2 (1,853.29/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 71.35% |
| • Sex ratio | 1005 |
| Vehicle registration | AP-05 (former) AP–39 (from 30 January 2019)[5] |
| Major highways | NH 16,NH 216, NH 516E, NH 216A, NH-365BB, NH-516D. |
| Website | eastgodavari |
East Godavari district is a district in theCoastal Andhra region ofAndhra Pradesh, India. Its district headquarters is atRajamahendravaram.
This district is surrounded by:
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The district, like the rest of theDeccan, was under theNandas andMauryas in its early history. After the fall of theMauryan Empire, the district was under theSatavahanas until the 3rd century under the famous poet kingHaala. Coins found during excavations have revealed the rule ofGautamiputra Satakarni, Vaasisthi-puttra Pulumaavi andYajna Sri Satakarni.Gupta emperorSamudragupta invaded during the rule of both Pishtapura and Avamukta in the district in 350 AD Samudragupta's invasion was followed by the rule of theMathara dynasty from 375 to 500. The earliest known ruler of the dynasty was Saktivarman.[1]
The district passed into the hands ofVishnukundinas during the rule of Vikramendra Varma I during the 5th century. The records indicate that their domain extended overVisakhapatnam, West Godavari,Krishna andGuntur districts in addition to East Godavari.Indra Bhattaraka defeated the rulers of Vasistha Kula and re-established Vihsnukundina authority, but was shortly defeated byKalinga armies. Indra Bhattaraka was followed to the throne by a few others, including Madhava Varma III and Manchana Bhattaraka, who tried to restore their kingdom. Madhava Varma III was the last important ruler of this family.[2]
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ThePulakesi II ofBadami Chalukyas and his brotherKubja Vishnu Vardhana acquired Pishtapura in the 7th century. TheEastern Chalukya dynasty, founded by Kubja Vishnu Vardhana, ruled at first form Pishtapura, then fromVengi, and later fromRajamahendravaram. Many rulers held sway over the kingdom and their history is at times largely a record of disputes over succession. Chalukya Bhima I of this dynasty built aShiva temple atDraksha Ramam. Jata Choda Bhima of PedaKallu (Kurnool District) killed Daanaarnava of this dynasty and occupied Vengi in 973 AD Daanaarnava's two sons, Sakti Varma I and Vimala Aditya, fled from the kingdom and took refuge in the court of theChola kingRajaraja Chola I. Rajaraja invaded Vengi on behalf of the sons of Daanaarnava and killed Jata Choda Bhima. Satya Raya of theWestern Chalukyas ofKalyani did not like the Chola influence in Vengi and the area witnessed many wars between the Cholas and Chalukyas. After the death of Vijaya Aditya VII in 175 AD, the Eastern Chalukya dynasty came to an end.
Kulottunga Chola I (Rajendra Chalukya), a rival of Vijay Aditya VII, fought along the sides of Cholas and established theChalukya Cholas province. The district along with the rest of the Vengi kingdom became part of their empire. Major portions of the district were under Velanati Chodas, trustworthy chieftains to his. Rulers of this dynasty includedGonka I,Rajendra Choda I,Gonka II andRajendra Choda II.Vikram Aditya vii of Western Chalukyas occupied this region for a short period, but it was recovered byChalukya Cholas and Velanati Chodas. Velanati chiefs also suppressed rebellions fromHaihayas of Kona,Gonka II and Rudra of theKakatiya dynasty.
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Inscriptions at this region including the ones atDraksha Ramam in 13th-century throw light on their history.Prola II of the Kakatiya dynasty declared independence from the western Chalukyas and became a subject ofChalukya Cholas. His son Rudra obtained the Godavari delta as a gift from the Rajaraja II of Chalukya Cholas. Rudra's authority over the Godavari delta was challenged by the Velanadu Chodas. The Velanati kingRajendra Choda II sent an army under his minister Davana Preggada against Rudra. Rudra was succeeded by his younger brother Mahadeva who died in a conflict with theYadavas of Devagiri. His son Ganapati succeeded to the Kakatiya throne. Ganapati defeatedKalinga armies on the north,Pandyas ofMadura andCholas with the help of Nellooru Chodas. The Kakatiya power remained undisturbed in the Godavari region throughout the reign of Ganapati and her daughter Rudrama devi. Pratapa Rudra ascended the throne in 1295 and faced many attacks fromSultans of Delhi. After his defeat byMuhammad bin Tughluq in 1323, the district came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate. Muhammad-bin-Tughluq divided South India into five provinces and appointed governors.
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Delhi sultans faced rebellions from the confederacy of local chiefs under the authority of Prolaya of theMusunuri Nayaks clan. TheReddis of Addanki, KoppulaTelagas ofPithapuram and the Recharla Velamas ofRachakonda actively helped him.Warangal was liberated and Telugu land enjoyed freedom for fifty years. Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka appointed his relatives Toyyeti Anavota Nayaka and Mummadi Nayaka (Korukonda) as governors in Godavari region. Mummadi Nayaka married the niece of Kapaya Nayaka. Mummadi Nayaka lived until 1388. He had three sons who ruled for a period of 40 years and later they were reduced to submission by the Reddis of Kondaveedu and their principality was merged in the kingdom of Kondaveedu. Subsequently, Narasimha Deva IV ofKalinga succeeded in conquering this region, but was repulsed by Anavota Reddi ofRajamahendravaram. He was succeeded by Anavema Reddi and Kumaragiri of the same dynasty.
Kumaragiri fought many wars with the Recharlas of Rachakonda and the Kalinga rulers. He sent his general Kataya Vema along with Prince Anavota to conquer the eastern region. This resulted in the annexation of a large tract in the north as far asSimhachalam. The newly acquired territory was annexed to the Reddi Kingdom and constituted into a separate province called the eastern kingdom. Prince Anavota ruled this province with Raja-Mahendra-Varam as his capital. He died a premature death around 1395 and Kataya Vema, the general and brother-in-law of Kumara Giri, was given Raja Mahendra Rajya in appreciation of the services rendered by him to the State. Kataya Vema's departure to Raja Mahendra Varam led to the seizure of the throne of Kondaveedu by force by Peda Komati Vema.
Peda Komati Vema's authority was defined by Kataya Vema. Kataya Vema was also involved in a conflict with Eruva chief Annadeva Choda, who managed to occupy a large portion of the Raja Mahendra Rajya. He was, however, defeated and driven back by Kataya Vema. Later, Kataya Vema died in a battle with Anna Deva Choda. After his death, Allada Reddi placed Kataya Vemas' son Komaragiri on the throne ofRajamahendravaram and ruled the kingdom as his regent. Komarigiri died a premature death. Allada Reddi ruled this region until his death in 1420. About 1423, the Vijayanagara rulerDeva Raya II defeated Veera Bhadra, who was then ruling this kingdom and reduced it to subjection.
After the death ofKapilendra Deva Gajapati in 1466, there was a fight between his sons Hamveera Deva andPurushottama Deva for succession. Hamveera succeeded in occupying the throne with the help ofBahmanis but he could not retain it for long. Purushottama overthrew Hamveera and tried to reconquerRajamahendravaram and other places. But Muhammad Shah III led the forces to Rajamahendravaram. This battle, however, ended with the conclusion of a peace treaty. After the death of Muhammad Shah III, Purushottama Gajapati overran the whole of the Godavari-Krishna do-ab and drove the Bahmani forces as far south as Kondaveedu. Purushottama was succeeded by his son Pratapa Rudra. The Vijayanagar monarchKrishnadevaraya invaded his kingdom and brought Rajamahendravaram under subjugation. However, a treaty was concluded wherein Pratapa Rudra agreed to give his daughter in marriage to Krishna Deva Raya in return of the territory north of the Krishna conquered by Krishna Deva Raya.
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Taking advantage of the disturbed conditions, theQutab Shahi ruler ofGolkonda, Sultan Quli Qutab Shah, invaded the coastal region and took possession of Rajamahendravaram and the neighboring kingdoms. Sultan Quli was murdered and he was succeeded to the throne by his son Jamshid Qutab Shah and then by his grandson Subhan Qutab Shah. During his reign, Ibrahim Qutab Shah had to ward off challenges from Shitab Khan and Vidyadhar. The last ruler of this dynasty was Abdul Hasan Tana Shah, who ruled from 1672 to 1687.
Aurangzeb conquered the sultanate of Golaconda in 1687, and Golaconda, including East Godavari, became one of the twenty-two provinces of the Mughal Empire. TheNizam-ul-Mulk (viceroy of Golaconda) looked after the administration through military officers called Fauzdars.Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju, the new Raja ofVizianagaram, invited the French to occupy theNorthern Circars. The tussle that ensued between the French and the English ended with the French losing all possessions in Northern Circars except Yanam.
Salabat Jung was subsequently deposed by his brotherNizam Ali Khan, who leased out Rajamahendravaram andChicacole to Hasan Ali Khan. LordRobert Clive, entered into negotiations with the Mughal EmperorShah Alam and obtained afirmana ceding the Northern Circars to theBritish East India Company in August 1765, but it was kept a secret until March 1766. The fort of Kondapalli was seized by the British, and General Cillaud was sent toMachilipatnam to undertake military operations, if necessary. The Nizam also made brisk preparations for war. War was prevented by the signing of a treaty on 12 November 1766 by which the company, in return for occupying the Circars, undertook to maintain troops for the Nizam's assistance.
By a second treaty, signed on 1 March 1768 the Nizam acknowledged the validity of Shah Alam's grant and resigned the Circars to the company, receiving as a mark of friendship an annuity of 50,000. Finally, in 1823, the claims of the Nizam over the Northern Circars were bought outright by the company, and they became a British possession.
In the Madras Presidency, the District ofRajamahendravaram was created in 1823.[6] It was reorganised in 1859 and was bifurcated into Godavari andKrishna districts. During British rule,Rajamahendravaram was the headquarters ofGodavari District, which was further bifurcated intoEast Godavari andWest Godavari districts in 1925. When the Godavari district was divided,Kakinada became the headquarters of East Godavari andEluru became headquarters of West Godavari.[7][8]
In 1839 during theBritish Raj, a colossal cyclone struckCoringa and toppled buildings, therefore over 300,000 people were killed.[9][10][11]
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After India's independence in 1947, the formerMadras Presidency ofBritish India became India'sMadras State. In 1953, the northern districts of Madras state, including the Godavari district, became the new state of Andhra.Yanam was relinquished by the French in 1954, but one condition of the cession treaty was the retention of the district's separate and distinct identity, which also applied to the other South Indian enclaves constituting today'sPuducherry state.
In November 1956,Andhra Pradesh was formed by mergingAndhra State with the Telugu-speaking areas of theHyderabad State. In 1959, the Bhadrachalam revenue division, consisting ofBhadrachalam and Naguru Taluqas (2 Taluqas in 1959 but later subdivided into Wajedu, Venkatapruram, Charla, Dummugudem, Bhadrachalam, Nellipaka, Chinturu, Kunavaram, and Vara Rama Chandra Puram Mandals) of the East Godavari district were merged into theKhammam district.[12] After June 2014'sreorganisation and division of Andhra Pradesh, only the mandals of Bhadrachalam (with the exception of Bhadrachalam Temple), Nellipaka, Chinturu, Kunavaram and Vara Rama Chandra Puram were re-added back to the East Godavari district.[13]
East Godavari occupies an area of 12,805 square kilometres (4,944 sq mi),[14] comparatively equivalent toIndonesia'sSumba Island.[15] The district is bounded on north byVisakhapatnam district,Malkangiri district ofOrissa on the northwest byKhammam district andSukma district ofChhattisgarh, on the east and south by theBay of Bengal and on the west by West Godavari. It has a coastline of 144 km (89 mi).[16] The small enclave (30 km2 or 12 sq mi) of theYanam district ofPuducherry state lies within this district. The topography consists of hills in the north west and fertile plains in the central part and towards the east. The plains are drained byGodavari River and its landscape is filled with evergreen paddy fields all along the delta. It is the largest producer ofPaddy in whole of Andhra Pradesh.Papikondalu part ofEastern Ghats is the hilly terrain in located the north western part of this district, it consists of hills running on both the sides of river Godavari untilBhadrachalam,Telangana. The temperature remains humid for most of the months as it is located in the coastal belt. This district is referred as the green belt of Andhra due to its greenery spread all around. There are abundant deciduous forests in the Northwest part nearMaredumilli and to the east near Kakinada there are mangrove forests.[citation needed]
According to the2011 census East Godavari has apopulation of 5,154,296.[17] This gives it a ranking of 19th in India (out of a total of640 districts) and 1st in the state.[17] The district has a population density of 477 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,240/sq mi). Itspopulation growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 5.1%. East Godavari has asex ratio of 1005females for every 1000 males, and aliteracy rate of 71.35%.[17]
East Godavari has a total population of 5,151,549; 2,569,419 and 2,582,130 male and female respectively. There was a change of 5.10 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001 census. The census data states a density of 477 in 2011 compared to 454 in 2001.[18] Average literacy rate of East Godavari in 2011 was 71.35% compared to 65.48% in 2001. On a gender basis, male and female literacy was 74.91% and 67.82% respectively. With regards to sex ratio in East Godavari, it stood at 1005 per 1000 males compared to the 2001 census figure of 993. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per the 2011 census.[17]
There were total 492,446 children under the age of 0–6 against 613,490 of 2001 census. Of total 492,446 male and female were 250,086 and 242,360 respectively. The child sex ratio as per census 2011 was 969 compared to 978 in 2001. In 2011, children under 0-6 formed 9.56% of East Godavari compared to 12.52% in 2001.[17]
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 95.62% | |||
| Islam | 2.47% | |||
| Christianity | 1.58% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.33% | |||
| Distribution of religions | ||||
After reorganization, the district had a population of 18,32,332, of which 560,349 (30.58%) lived in urban areas. East Godavari district had a sex ratio of 1010 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 365,972 (19.97%) and 19,702 (1.08%) of the population respectively.[2]: 81–85 [3]: 85–90
At the time of the 2011 census, 97.36% of the population spokeTelugu and 1.84%Urdu as their first language.[20]
In 2007–2008 theInternational Institute for Population Sciences interviewed 1019 households in 38 villages across the district.[21] They found that 92.5% had access toelectricity, 96.7% haddrinking water, 50.4% toilet facilities, and 30.9% lived in apucca (permanent)home.[21] 28.6% of girlswed before thelegal age of 18 and 79% of interviewees carried aBPLcard.[21]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 1,339,029 | — |
| 1911 | 1,511,222 | +1.22% |
| 1921 | 1,536,868 | +0.17% |
| 1931 | 1,756,747 | +1.35% |
| 1941 | 1,976,743 | +1.19% |
| 1951 | 2,301,822 | +1.53% |
| 1961 | 2,608,375 | +1.26% |
| 1971 | 3,087,262 | +1.70% |
| 1981 | 3,701,040 | +1.83% |
| 1991 | 4,541,222 | +2.07% |
| 2001 | 4,901,420 | +0.77% |
| 2011 | 5,154,296 | +0.50% |
| source:[22] | ||
The district has two revenue divisions namely, Rajamahendravaram and Kovvur with 19mandals.[23]
Rajamahendravaram Lok Sabha constituency presently comprises the followingLegislative Assembly segments:[24]
| Constituency number | Name | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Parliament |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40 | Anaparthy | None | Rajamahendravaram |
| 49 | Rajanagaram | None | |
| 50 | Rajamahendravaram City | None | |
| 51 | Rajamahendravaram Rural | None | |
| 54 | Kovvur | SC | |
| 55 | Nidadavole | None | |
| 66 | Gopalapuram | SC |
East Godavari has the following mandals:[25]
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Before the formation of Mandals, administration was done through the Taluka system. The erstwhile Talukas in the district are given below.
In 1978, the number of Talukas in East Godavari district was increased from 14 to 19. Later, in 1985, these 19 Talukas were divided into 60 Mandals.
In 2014, as per the Polavaram Ordinance, 4 Mandals from Telangana were merged with East Godavari District. Thus, the number of Mandals increased to 64.
| S.No. | Talukas in East Godavari in 1971 | Newly formed talukas in East Godavari in 1978 | Newly formed mandals in 1985 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kakinada | Kakinada | Kakinada Urban, Kakinada Rural, Samarlakota, Pedapudi, |
| Tallarevu [15] | Tallarevu, Karapa, Kajuluru, | ||
| 2 | Amalapuram | Amalapuram | Amalapuram, Ambajipeta, Ainavilli, Uppalaguptam, Allavaram, |
| 3 | Mummidivaram | Mummidivaram | Mummidivaram, I.Polavaram, Katrenikona, |
| 4 | Razole | Razole | Razole, Sakhinetipalli, Malikipuram |
| 5 | Kothapeta | Kothapeta | Kothapeta, Atreyapuram, Ravulapalem, |
| P. Gannavaram [16] | P. Gannavaram, Mamidikuduru | ||
| 6 | MANDAPETA | MANDAPETA | Alamur, Mandapeta, Kapileswarapuram, |
| 7 | Ramachandrapuram | Ramachandrapuram | Ramachandrapuram, Pamarru, |
| 8 | Rajamahendravaram | Rajamahendravaram | Rajamahendravaram Urban, Rajamahendravaram Rural, Rajanagaram, Kadiam |
| Korukonda [17] | Korukonda, Seethanagaram, Gokavaram, | ||
| 9 | Rampachodavaram | Rampachodavaram | Rampachodavaram, Maredumilli, Devipatnam, |
| Rayavaram [18] | Anaparthy, Rayavaram, Biccavolu, | ||
| 10 | Yellavaram | Yellavaram | Yellavaram, Addateegala, Y.Ramavaram, Rajavommangi, Gangavaram, |
| 11 | Peddapuram | Peddapuram | Peddapuram, Kirlampudi, |
| Rangampeta [19] | Rangampeta, Jaggampeta, Gandepalle, | ||
| 12 | Prathipadu | Prathipadu | Prathipadu, Kotananduru, Shankavaram, Prathipadu, Yeleswaram |
| 13 | Tuni | Tuni | Tuni, Thondangi |
| 14 | Pithapuram | Pithapuram | Pithapuram, Gollaprolu, Kothapalle |
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| Rank | Division | Pop. | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rajamahendravaram | Rajamahendravaram Division | 476,873 | ||||||
| 2 | Nidadavolu | Kovvur division | 43,809 | ||||||
| 3 | Kovvur | Kovvur Division | 39,667 | ||||||
| 4 | Anaparthi | Rajamahendravaram Division | 26,790 | ||||||
| 5 | Nallajerla | Kovvur Division | 13,457 | ||||||
| 6 | · | · | · | ||||||
| 7 | · | · | · | ||||||
| 8 | · | · | · | ||||||
| 9 | · | · | · | ||||||
| 10 | · | · | · | ||||||
The culture of East Godavari and West Godavari districts is a rich traditional one in all parts of the district and reflects the true culture of Andhra Pradesh. It is known for Veda-pandits, the Godavari River and the hospitality of the people. Rajamahendravaram city is known as the "Cultural Capital of Andhra Pradesh". Durga Cinetone is the first South Indian film studio constructed in the city of Rajamahendravaram. The government of Andhra Pradesh is constructing film studios inKakinada and Rajamahendravaram cities on PPP mode.[citation needed] East Godavari has produced several stalwarts in an area of culture, music, art, and cinema.[26]
Agriculture and its allied activities is the backbone of East Godavari district's economy. Rajamahendravaram is a major business centre and Kakinada are the major industrial zone. It is the largest producer ofpaddy and tender coconuts in Andhra Pradesh. The gross district domestic product (GDDP) of East Godavari is₹522.94 billion (US$6.2 billion) and it contributes 10% to theGross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013–14, theper capita income at current prices was₹78,255 (US$930). Theprimary,secondary andtertiary sectors of the district contribute₹160.93 billion (US$1.9 billion),₹108.57 billion (US$1.3 billion) and₹253.43 billion (US$3.0 billion) respectively.[16] The major products contributing to theGVA of the district from agriculture and allied services are,paddy,sugarcane,betel leaves,coconut,milk,meat andfisheries. TheGVA to the industrial and service sector is contributed fromconstruction,electricity,manufacturing, unorganised trade andtransport.[16]
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East Godavari is also famous for flowers. Various varieties of flowers are cultivated here. Nurseries here are spread more than 1,400 hectares (3,500 acres) inKadiam,Rajamahendravaram Rural Mandals in Rajamahendravaram. Floriculture is expanding toMandapeta,Alamuru,Atreyapuram, andRavulapalem mandals. Floriculture Institute and Research Centre is in construction atVemagiri in Rajamahendravaram. The government is trying to export these flowers fromRajamahendravaram Airport through cargo planes.
The total road length ofstate highways in the district is 1,271 km (790 mi).[27] The total rail network of the district is 171.34 km (106.47 mi).[16] TheNational Highway 16 connectingChennai andHowrah passes throughTuni, Rajamahendravaram.NH 216 connectsKakinada withOngole viaYanam,Mummidivaram,Amalapuram,Razole,Narasapuram. The National Highway NH-516E connects Rajamahendravaram withVizianagaram viaRampachodavaram,Addateegala,Rajavommangi. The National Highway NH-216A connects Rajamahendravaram withGundugolanu nearEluru viaRavulapalem,Tanuku,Tadepalligudem. National Highways NH-365BB, NH-516D connects Rajamahendravaram withSuryapet inTelangana viaJangareddygudem,Aswaraopeta,Khammam. ADB (Asian Development Bank) Road and SH-40 (Canal Road) connect Rajamahendravaram and Kakinada. Rajamahendravaram–Kakinada Canal Road is being developed on PPP (Public Private Partnership) mode. NHAI is constructing Kakinada-Annavaram Highway along the coast under Sagaramala Project. SH-41 connects Rajamahendravaram with Chinturu,Bhadrachalam,Malkangiri,Jagdalpur.[citation needed]
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Rajamahendravaram, Dwarapudi, Anaparti, Samalkot Junction, Pithapuram, Annavaram, Tuni, and Kakinada Town are the Major Railway stations in the district. The Chennai to Howrah rail line also passes through this district.Pithapuram-Kakinada,Kotipalli-Narsapur, 2nd lane onGodavari Arch Bridge,Kovvur-Bhadrachalam, Rajamahendravaram–Raipur railway lines are important railway projects in district. Indian Railway Department is developing Kakinada, Rajamahendravaram Railway Stations commercially like construction of malls, multiplexes, hotels, lounges, parks, new platforms.
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Rajamahendravaram Airport, situated at Rajamahendravaram. The airport's runway is the biggest runway in the state. People here are requesting to develop this airport as an international airport. The state government is very keen in developing the airport as an international airport. The government is constructingIAF base in this airport. This airport plays a crucial role in the economy of the Godavari districts. The government of Andhra Pradesh is keen in exporting flowers through this airport from nurseries inKadiam mandal in Rajamahendravaram and agricultural products from the district. Heli tourism has been introduced in the airport to see tourist places in both the Godavari districts. This airport is used by Oil Companies like ONGC, GAIL, IOCL, Reliance etc. It is playing major role in industrialisation of Godavari districts.[28]
National Waterway 4 was declared on 24 November 2008, which connects the Indian states ofAndhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu, and theunion territory ofPuducherry. It passes through Kakinada, Rajamahendravaram,Tadepalligudem,Eluru,Puducherry and also part ofKrishna andGodavari rivers.[29] It is being developed byInland Waterways Authority of India.APTDC and other private agencies's boats and launches are available daily from Pushakar Ghat toPapikondalu andBhadrachalam.[30]Kakinada Port is a major port. GMR is constructing new commercial port at Kona area inThondangi mandal of Kakinada which consists of 1200acre land.[citation needed]
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.[31][32] As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, there are a total of 5,986 schools. They include, 29 government, 3,452 mandal and zilla parishads, 1 residential, 1688 private, 2 model, 12 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 285 municipal and 517 other types of schools.[33] The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 722,123.[34]
The district has universities located at Rajamahendravaram such asAdikavi Nannaya University,Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University,Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University. There are numerous educational institutes withJawaharlal Nehru Technological University in Kakinada, District Institute of Education and Training (DIET) in Rajamahendravaram, established in 1989 for the benefit of teacher trainees and in-service teachers. There are many educational institutions that provide education in different fields such asEngineering,Medical,Law,Pharmacy,Polytechnic andPostgraduate colleges etc. Some of the notable universities, colleges areRangaraya Medical College in Kakinada and Government Pithapuram Rajah College, Kakinada.[citation needed]
National Center for Disease Control (NCDC),Central Tobacco Research Institute (CTRI), National Academy of Constructions are established in Rajamahendravaram.[citation needed]
Central Floriculture Research Centre and Institute is in construction atVemagiri in Rajamahendravaram. Science City is being established at Kakinada, Rajamahendravaram.[citation needed]
After the Reorganization of Andhra Pradesh State the following institutes are sanctioned for district:[citation needed]
East Godavari has many places worth visiting, such as temples and nurseries.[citation needed]
are located inKakinada.
are located at Rajamahendravaram.
Sumba 10,711
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Capital:Amaravati | |
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