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East Franconian German

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Dialect
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East Franconian
Fränggisch[1]
Standard High German:Ostfränkisch,Fränkisch
Native toGermany (Bavaria,Thuringia,Saxony,Baden-Württemberg,Hesse)
Native speakers
4,900,000 (2006)[2]
Early forms
Proto-Indo-European
Latin (German alphabet)
Language codes
ISO 639-3vmf
Glottologmain1267
Linguasphere52-ACB-dj
  1: East Franconian
East Franconian is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger

East Franconian (German:Ostfränkisch[ˈɔstfʁɛŋkɪʃ]), usually referred to asFranconian in German (Fränkisch[ˈfʁɛŋkɪʃ]), is a dialect spoken inFranconia, the northern part of the federal state ofBavaria and other areas inGermany aroundNuremberg,Bamberg,Coburg,Würzburg,Hof,Bayreuth,Meiningen,Bad Mergentheim, andCrailsheim. The major subgroups areUnterostfränkisch (spoken inLower Franconia and southernThuringia),Oberostfränkisch (spoken inUpper andMiddle Franconia) andSüdostfränkisch (spoken in some parts ofMiddle Franconia andHohenlohe). Until the wholesale expulsion of Germans fromBohemia, the dialect was also spoken aroundSaaz (today: Žatec).

East Franconian German

In the transitional area betweenRhine Franconian in the northwest and theAustro-Bavarian dialects in the southeast, East Franconian has elements ofCentral German andUpper German. The same goes only forSouth Franconian German in adjacentBaden-Württemberg. East Franconian is one of the German dialects with the highest number of speakers.

The scope of East Franconian is disputed, because it overlaps with neighbouring dialects like Bavarian andSwabian in the south,Rhine Franconian in the west andUpper Saxon in the north.

East Franconian is researched by the "Fränkisches Wörterbuch" project in Fürth, which is run by Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Erlangen-Nuremberg University.

Grouping

[edit]

East Franconian is subdivided in multiple different ways.

One view differentiates three major sub-dialects:[3]

  • Ostfränkisch (East Franconian)
    • Oberostfränkisch (Upper East Franconian): in theWürzburger Übergangsstreifen, Regnitz-Raum Obermain-Raum, Bayreuther-Raum, Obermain-Raum, Bayreuther-Raum, Nailaer-Raum, Plauener-Raum
    • Unterostfränkisch (Lower East Franconian): in theWürzburger-Raum, subdivided in a Northern and Southern part,Coburger-Raum, Henneberger-Raum, Reußischer-Raum
    • Südostfränkisch (South East Franconian)

Another view differentiates two major sub-dialects:[4]

  • Ostfränkisch (East Franconian): in Franken and a part of Baden-Württemberg with Wertheim and Tauberbischofsheim and also in the Vogtland
    • Unterostfränkisch (Lower East Franconian): in Unterfranken and in the Coburger and Henneberger Raum
    • Oberostfränkisch (Upper East Franconian): in Ober- and Mittelfranken

A third view has:[5]

  • Ostfränkisch (East Franconian)
    • Unterostfränkisch (Lower East Franconian)
      • Hennebergisch: aroundMeiningen – Suhl – Schmalkalden
      • engeres Unterostfränkisch (Lower East Franconian in a stricter sense):hohenlohischer Raum,Würzburger Raum
        • Würzburgisch: in the Würzburg area (Würzburger Raum)
    • area between Unterostfränkisch and Oberostfränkisch:Ansbacher-, Neustädter- und Coburger Raum
    • Oberostfränkisch (Upper East Franconian):Regnitz-, Hof-Bayreuther-, Obermain-, Nailaer- und vogtländischer Raum
      • Vogtländisch (=Ostfränkisch-Vogtländisch):vogtländischer Raum

See also

[edit]
  • Franconia
  • Eberhard Wagner, German regional dialect researcher, in the dialect of Upper Franconia (East Franconian German).

References

[edit]
  1. ^Gerhard Fink and Langenscheidt-Redaktion (ed.),Langenscheidt Lilliput Fränkisch, Langenscheidt: München, 2018, p. 339: "Fränkischis Fränggisch"
  2. ^East Franconian atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  3. ^Erich Straßner:Nordoberdeutsch. In:Lexikon der Germanistischen Linguistik. Herausgegeben von Hans Peter Althaus, Helmut Henne, Herbert Ernst Wiegand. 2nd ed., Max Niemeyer Verlag Tübingen, 1980 (1st ed. 1973), p. 479ff., here p. 481
  4. ^Hermann Paul: Mittelhochdeutsche Grammatik. 25. Auflage neu bearbeitet von Thomas Klein, Hans-Joachim Solms und Klaus-Peter Wegera. Mit einer Syntax von Ingeborg Schöbler, neubearbeitet und erweitert von Heinz-Peter Prell. 25th ed., Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen, 2007, p. 7 [hasOstfränkisch divided intoOberostfränkisch andUnterostfränkisch and gives some geographical information]
  5. ^Peter Wiesinger:Die Einteilung der deutschen Dialekte. In:Dialektologie. Ein Handbuch zur deutschen und allgemeinen Dialektforschung. Herausgegeben von Werner Besch, Ulrich Knoop, Wolfgang Putschke, Herbert Ernst Wiegand. Zweiter Halbband. Volume 1.2 ofHandbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (HSK). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York, 1983, p. 807ff., here p. 842–846 (sub-chapter:Das Ostfränkische) and p. 862

External links

[edit]
According to contemporaryphilology
Anglo-Frisian
Anglic
Frisian
Historical forms
East Frisian
North Frisian
West Frisian
Low German
Historical forms
West Low German
East Low German
Low Franconian
Historical forms
Standard variants
West Low Franconian
East Low Franconian
Cover groups
High German
(German)
Historical forms
Standard German
Non-standard variants
andcreoles
Central German
West Central German
East Central German
Upper German
North
Historical forms
West
East
East
Language subgroups
Reconstructed
Diachronic features
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