| Light Blue | Cape Verde Time[a] (UTC−1) |
| Blue | Greenwich Mean Time (UTC) |
| Red | (UTC+1)[b] |
| Yellow | (UTC+2) |
| Ochre | (UTC+2) |
| (UTC+3) | |
| Green | East Africa Time (UTC+3) |
| Turquoise | (UTC+4) |
East Africa Time (EAT) is a time zone used in eastern and central Africa, with a standard offset ofUTC+03:00 fromCoordinated Universal Time (UTC). It is one of the most widely used time zones in Africa, adopted by countries includingKenya,Tanzania,Uganda,Ethiopia,Somalia, and others. EAT does not observedaylight saving time (DST), maintaining a consistent offset year-round due to the region's equatorial proximity, which results in minimal variation in daylight hours.[1] In theIANA time zone database, EAT is represented by the canonical identifierAfrica/Nairobi, with aliases such asAfrica/Kampala andAfrica/Dar_es_Salaam.[2][3]
The time zone is three hours ahead of UTC (UTC+03:00), which is the same asMoscow Time,Arabia Standard Time,Further-eastern European Time andEastern European Summer Time.[3]
East Africa Time is used as the standard time zone in the following countries and territories:[4]
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Mayotte (French overseas department)
Somalia
Tanzania
UgandaSudan transitioned to EAT (UTC+03:00) in 2017, aligning with South Sudan and other EAT countries, but reverted to UTC+02:00 in 2020. South Sudan reverted to CAT (UTC+02:00) in 2021.[5]All listed countries use EAT year-round, with no plans to adopt DST as of 2025.[6] EAT is also used in parts of Somalia's autonomous regions, such as Puntland and Somaliland, despite political complexities.[2]
Timekeeping in East Africa before colonial rule relied on solar time, with communities using the sun's position to structure daily activities, given the region's equatorial latitude (0°–15°N) where daylight varies little.[7] During British and German colonization in the late 19th century, standardized time zones were introduced to support railway and telegraph networks, such as theUganda Railway in Kenya and Uganda. By the early 20th century, UTC+03:00 was adopted across British East Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania), aligning with geographical longitude (30°E–45°E) and becoming known as East Africa Time.[1] Post-independence, EAT was retained for regional consistency, with countries like Ethiopia and Somalia adopting it to facilitate coordination.[7]
The equatorial location of EAT countries, with sunrise and sunset occurring around 6:00 AM and 6:00 PM, shapes cultural perceptions of time. In rural areas, agricultural schedules dominate, with activities like planting and harvesting tied to seasonal rains rather than strict clock time. Urban centers, such as Nairobi, Dar es Salaam, and Kampala, follow standard business hours (typically 8:00 AM–5:00 PM), but informal sectors like markets often operate on flexible schedules.[7] Religious practices, particularly Islamic prayers in Somalia and Comoros, structure daily routines, with Salah times influencing work breaks.[7] Economically, EAT's uniformity across theEast African Community (EAC)—Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda—enhances trade, logistics, and cross-border investments.[2] The shared time zone with Ethiopia, a major African economy, further supports regional integration.[1]
In theIANA time zone database, EAT is defined by the canonical identifierAfrica/Nairobi, with aliases includingAfrica/Kampala,Africa/Dar_es_Salaam, andAfrica/Mogadishu.[2] This ensures consistent time representation in digital systems, such as operating systems and smartphones, which automatically adjust to UTC+03:00 in EAT regions. The time zone corresponds to a longitudinal range of approximately 30°E to 45°E, aligning with the region's geographical position.[1] The equatorial latitude (0°–15°N) results in stable sunrise and sunset times, typically 6:00 AM to 6:30 PM, eliminating the need for DST.[2] Network time protocol (NTP) servers in major cities like Nairobi ensure precise time synchronization for critical infrastructure.[7]