The titles ofViscount of Melfort andLord Drummond of Gillestoun were created in thePeerage of Scotland on 14 April 1685 forJohn Drummond, second son ofJames Drummond, 3rd Earl of Perth, with remainder to the heirs male of his body by his second marriage, to Euphemia Wallace, failing whom to the heirs male of his body whatsoever. He was further created, on 12 August 1686,Earl of Melfort,Viscount of Forth andLord Drummond of Riccartoun, Castlemains and Gilstoun, also in the peerage of Scotland, and with a similar remainder.
A supporter ofKing James II and VII, Melfort escaped to France on 16 December 1688, following the "Glorious Revolution" which installedWilliam of Orange andMary II on the English and Scottish thrones. Drummond was further createdBaron Cleworth in theJacobite Peerage of England by the exiled monarch, on 7 August 1689, andDuke of Melfort,Marquess of Forth,Earl of Isla and Burntisland,Viscount of Rickerton andLord Castlemains and Galston in the Jacobite Peerage of Scotland 17 April 1692, all with a similar remainder to the 1685 viscountcy.
The 1st Earl and titular 1st Duke of Melfort was outlawed by thede facto régime in England on 23 July 1694 and wasattainted by Act of Parliament on 2 July 1695, when his honours became forfeit. In 1701, after the death of James II and VII, the Duke of Melfort was granted the honours and precedence of a French peer byLouis XIV. He and his descendants used the title "Duc de Melfort" in France, but this was a French translation of their Jacobite dukedom and not a French dukedom. The dukedom was never recognised by the governments of England and later ofGreat Britain.
On 2 July 1800 the titular 4th Duke of Melfort succeeded as heir male to the attaintedEarldom of Perth and as titular 9th Duke of Perth, Marquess of Drummond, Earl of Stobhall, Viscount of Cargill and Lord Concraig, on the death of hissecond cousin once removed, James Drummond, Lord Perth and Baron Drummond of Stobhall, a descendant of the 1st Earl and Duke of Melfort from his first marriage, to Sophie Maitland. In 1841 the titular 6th Duke of Melfort established his right before the FrenchCouncil of State and theTribunal de la Seine to the French titles ofDuc de Melfort,Comte de Lussan andBaron de Valrose (his great-grandfather the 2nd Duke of Melfort had been married in 1707 to Marie Gabrielle d'Audebert, widow of theDuke of Albemarle and only daughter of Jean d'Audebert, Comte de Lussan). The titular 6th Duke of Melfort proved to the incumbent British authorities his descent from the 1st Earl of Melfort in 1848, and by a reversal of his ancestors' attainder on 28 June 1853 became 5th Earl of Perth and Lord Drummond of Stobhall, Earl of Melfort, Viscount of Forth and Lord Drummond of Riccartoun, Castlemains and Gilstoun, Viscount of Melfort and Lord Drummond of Gillestoun and Lord Drummond of Cargill. He died on 28 February 1902, when the Melfort titles became dormant or extinct and the Perth titles passed to theViscount of Strathallan.