| Eadburh | |
|---|---|
| Queen consort of Wessex | |
| Tenure | 789–802 |
| Spouse | Beorhtric of Wessex |
| House | Iclingas |
| Father | Offa of Mercia |
| Mother | Cynethryth |
Eadburh (Old English:Ēadburh), also spelledEadburg, (fl. 787–802) was the daughter of KingOffa of Mercia and QueenCynethryth. She was the wife of KingBeorhtric of Wessex, and according toAsser'sLife ofAlfred the Great she killed her husband by poison while attempting to poison another. She fled toFrancia, where she is said to have been offered the chance of marryingCharlemagne, but ruined the opportunity. Instead she was appointed as the abbess of a convent. Here she is said to have fornicated with an English exile. As a result, she was eventually expelled from the monastery and ended her days begging in the streets ofPavia.
Eadburh was the daughter of KingOffa and QueenCynethryth. She was one of five children, four of them girls; they all witnessed a charter in 787.[1]
Eadburh marriedBeorhtric, king of Wessex from 787 to 802, in 789. Offa was then the most powerful king in England, and Beorhtric gained his support as a result of the marriage. According to Asser, Eadburh became all powerful, and often demanded the executions or exile of her enemies. She was also alleged to have assassinated those men whom she couldn't compel Beorhtric to kill through poisoning their food or drink. In 802, according to Asser, Eadburh attempted to poison a young favourite of the king but instead killed both of them. The young man may have been called Worr, as theAnglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death of both men shortly before the succession ofEgbert, the grandfather of Alfred the Great, as king of Wessex.[2]
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Eadburg subsequently fled to Francia and took refuge at the court ofCharlemagne, where her husband's successor,Egbert of Wessex, had taken refuge after being exiled by Beorhtric. There Asser relates that Charlemagne was smitten by the former queen. He brought in one of his sons and asked her which she preferred, him or his son, as a husband. She answered that, given the son's youth, she preferred the son. Charlemagne replied famously: "Had you chosen me, you would have had both of us. But, since you chose him, you shall have neither." He instead offered her a position as an abbess of a convent which she accepted.
Soon though she was caught in a sexual affair with another Saxon man and, after being duly convicted, was expelled on the direct orders of Charlemagne, penniless, into the streets. In her last years she lived as a beggar on the streets ofPavia.
Two possibly authentic charters of 801 show Eadburh asregina (queen), a title which was rarely used for king's wives in Wessex in the ninth century. According to Asser this was because of the shame Eadburh had brought on the position. However, Offa and Beorhtric had driven Egbert into exile in the 780s, and the blackening of her name may also have been partly due to a desire to discredit Beorhtric.[2]
Asser also writes[3] that as a result of the aristocracy's resentment of Eadburh the status and influence of the subsequent queens was diminished and they were titled not 'queen' but 'king's wife'; the queen was also prohibited from sitting beside the king on the throne. This changed again whenCharles the Bald insisted that his daughterJudith, who married KingÆthelwulf, be properly crowned queen.