The school was established inParis on 1 December 1819 by two formerNapoleonic soldiers, Germain Legret and Amédée Brodart. Germain Legret had founded two business schools in Paris in 1815 and 1818, but both closed their doors rapidly.[5] ESCP offered entrepreneurship education in the 1820s.[6] It was modelled on the first grande école, theÉcole Polytechnique, founded byLazare Carnot andGaspard Monge, but was initially more modest, in large part because it had not been supported by the state.[7] The school had gained international exposure since the 1820s, but it was not the only business school open to international students.[8] Its stature and importance ascended during the 19th century and it moved to its current Parisian location on the Avenue de la République in 1898.[9]
In 1828, the project to put the school under the authority of the FrenchMinistry of Commerce and Industry failed. The school remained independent by the intervention ofJérôme-Adolphe Blanqui, who took it over. Several times during the first half of the 19th century, French political developments resulted in plans to group ESCP with elite French engineering schools such as theÉcole Polytechnique or theÉcole Centrale Paris, but this ultimately did not happen. At the time, engineering schools in France and in Europe taught future businessmen. From 1838, the French state began to fund scholarships meant for ESCP's students.
In 1869, theParis Chamber of Commerce took over the school, aiming to train future business leaders in modern methods in commerce and industry. In 1892, ESCP set up selective admissions processes, which continued to be retained and, today, take the form of competitive exams.
On 5 April 1973, the concept of a multi-campus business school was created, with consecutive inaugurations of campuses taking place in the United Kingdom (London in 1974, move toOxford in 1975) and in Germany (Düsseldorf in 1975, move toBerlin in 1985). In 1974 the ESCP developed courses in entrepreneurship in response to internal and external forces.[10] Since then, the school has deepened its European presence to become an integrated pan-European business school.[11] In 2018, ESCP became anÉcole consulaire, largely financed by the publicChambers of Commerce inParis,Berlin, andTurin.[2]
In 2004, a fifth campus inTurin was founded, whose courses became validated by theUniversity of Turin; Master in Management students can obtain the Italian degree of Laurea Magistrale.
In 2005, ESCP inaugurated its London campus, having moved from Oxford.
In 2007, the Master in Management programme was recognised by theCharles III University of Madrid; students can obtain the Spanish degree of Master Europeo en Administración y Dirección de Empresas.
In 2015, ESCP established its sixth European campus with its partnerKozminski University in Poland.
In 2016, the School decides to strengthen its footprint in Paris by adding a second campus located in theMontparnasse area after buying back Novancia Business School's building. The campus is dedicated toexecutive programs.
In 2019, the School removed "Europe" from its name, reverting to its original name.[12]
ESCP Business School is agrande école, a French institution ofhigher education that is separate from, but parallel and often connected to, the main framework of theFrench public university system.Grandes écoles are elite academic institutions that admit students through an extremely competitive process, and a significant proportion of their graduates occupy the highest levels of French society.[13][14][15] Similar toIvy League universities in the United States,Oxbridge in the UK, and theC9 League in China, graduation from agrande école is viewed as the ideal prerequisite credential for any top government, administrative and corporate position in the nation.[16][17]
The degrees are accredited by theConférence des Grandes Écoles[18] and awarded by the FrenchMinistry of National Education.[19] Higher education business degrees in France are organized into three levels thus facilitating international mobility: theLicence, orBachelor's degrees, and theMaster's andDoctoral degrees. The Bachelors and the Masters are organized in semesters: 6 for the Bachelors and 4 for the Masters.[20][21] Those levels of study include various "parcours" or paths based on UE (Unités d'enseignement orModules), each worth a defined number ofEuropean credits (ECTS). A student accumulates those credits, which are generally transferable between paths. A Bachelors is awarded once 180 ECTS have been obtained (bac + 3); a Masters is awarded once 120 additional credits have been obtained (bac +5). The highly coveted PGE (Programme Grande École) ends with the degree ofMaster in Management (MiM).[20][21][22]
ESCP students can study on campuses inFrance (Paris),the UK (London),Spain (Madrid),Germany (Berlin),Italy (Turin), andPoland (Warsaw).[34] They can spend either 6 months or 1 year on each campus according to their study choices. Each campus has its own specifics and develops programs with local academic institutions. For instance, in Spain, ESCP provides a Master in Business Project Management co-delivered with theTechnical University of Madrid and in Italy, a double-degree program is available for engineers together with thePolytechnic University of Turin.[35]
Since 2017, ESCP has had two campuses in Paris, one near thePlace de la République (in the 11th arrondissement of Paris) and another one near theMontparnasse Tower (in the 15th arrondissement of Paris). Each campus is dedicated to a specific range of programs. The campus in the 11th arrondissement hosts all thegraduate programs whereas the campus in the 15th arrondissement hosts theundergraduate education, theexecutive education and the school's start-upIncubator, the Blue Factory. This organization is unique to Paris; on every other campus, undergraduate, graduate and executive programmes are dispensed in the same campus.
^Adrien Jean-Guy Passant (2020).À l'origine des écoles de commerce : ESCP Business School, la passion d'entreprendre. Paris:L'Harmattan. p. 23 et 24.ISBN978-2-343-18659-7..
^Monique de Saint-Martin, « Les recherches sociologiques sur les grandes écoles : de la reproduction à la recherche de justice », Éducation et sociétés 1/2008 (No. 21), p. 95-103.lire en ligne surCairn.info
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