Serbian Movement Dveri Српски покрет Двери | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | Dveri |
| President | Ivan Kostić |
| Vice-Presidents |
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| Founders |
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| Founded | 27 January 1999 (1999-01-27) |
| Registered | 28 June 2015 (2015-06-28) |
| Headquarters | Đorđa Jovanovića 11/7,Belgrade |
| Newspaper | Dveri srpske |
| Youth wing | Youth Council |
| Women's wing | Women's Power |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Right-wing tofar-right[A] |
| Religion | Serbian Orthodox Church |
| International affiliation | World Congress of Families |
| Colours |
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| Slogan | "Za život Srbije" ("For the life of Serbia") |
| Anthem | "Himna za život Srbije" ("An anthem for the life of Serbia") |
| National Assembly | 0 / 250 |
| Assembly of Vojvodina | 0 / 120 |
| City Assembly of Belgrade | 0 / 110 |
| Party flag | |
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| Website | |
| dveri | |
^ A: The party is also described as economically left-wing.[1] | |
TheSerbian Movement Dveri (Serbian:Српски покрет Двери,romanized: Srpski pokret Dveri), commonly just known asDveri (Serbian:Двери,lit. 'doors'), is anationalist andright-wing populistpolitical party inSerbia. Its current president since 2024 isIvan Kostić, who succeededBoško Obradović, one of the co-founders of the party.
Formed as a youth-orientatedpolitical organisation in 1999, it published an eponymous student magazine that promotedclerical and nationalist content. Through the 2000s, it operated as anon-governmental organisation that campaigned in favour ofChristian right views, that includedopposition to abortion andopposition to gay rights. Dveri took part in the2012 elections where it failed to obtain any seats in the National Assembly, although in the2016 elections it entered the National Assembly in a joint list with theDemocratic Party of Serbia, obtaining 13 seats in total, 7 of which belonged to Dveri. Two years later, it took part in the2018 Belgrade City Assembly election in a coalition with theEnough is Enough but failed to win seats.
It joined the oppositionAlliance for Serbia later that year, and became a prominent voice in the alliance, with whom it boycotted the2020 parliamentary election. It did not take part in its successor alliance, theUnited Opposition of Serbia, but remained independent during 2021, after which it formed anelectoral coalition withŽika Gojković's faction of theMovement for the Restoration of the Kingdom of Serbia for the2022 general election. It returned to the National Assembly after the 2022 election, winning 6 seats in total. Together withSerbian Party Oathkeepers, Dveri became a founding member of theNational Gathering, which failed to cross the threshold in the 2023 elections.
Dveri were founded by Branimir Nešić in 1999 as a Christian right-wing youth organisation consisting mainly of students from theUniversity of Belgrade which regularly arranged public debates devoted to the popularisation of clerical-nationalist philosophy ofNikolaj Velimirović,[2] a bishop of theSerbian Orthodox Church who was canonised in 2003 and is considered a major anti-Western thinker.[3]
The organisation promotes a pronouncedSerbian nationalist ideology. Based on the assessment of partiality and lack of condemnation of crimes by another ethnicity,[4] Dveri opposed a resolution passed by the Serbian parliament in March 2010 which condemned theSrebrenica massacre committed by theBosnian Serb Army in eastern Bosnia in 1995,.[5] Dveri also fiercely oppose unilateral proclamation ofindependence of Kosovo.[6] It is also well known for its opposition togay rights.[6]
In October 2010 the very firstGay Pride parade was held in Belgrade, in which thousands of anti-gay protesters clashed violently with police units securing the parade participants. One of the far-right groups which organised the anti-gay protest were Dveri, and a member of the organisation was quoted byThe Economist as saying that the protest was a form of "defense of the family and the future of the Serbian people".[7]
In August 2011, in the run up to the 2011 Pride Parade in Belgrade, the organisation warned that organising such an event could feed social unrest and provoke riots, and added that if the government allowed the march to go forward that "Belgrade will burn likeLondon burned recently".[8] In fear of more violent clashes, the authorities eventually decided to cancel the event, a decision which was criticised by human rights groups such asAmnesty International, which specifically singled out Dveri andObraz as the main right-wing nationalist groups responsible for "orchestrating opposition to the Pride".[9]
In March 2012 the movement collected 14,507 signatures to register as anelectoral list for theMay 2012 Serbian parliamentary election.[10] The Dveri Movement received 4.35% of the popular vote, failing to pass the 5% minimum threshold to enter parliament.[11]
In September 2012 Dveri leaderVladan Glišić called for a "100-year ban" on pride parades in Belgrade, describing such an event as "promotion of a totalitarian and destructive ideology" and accused the rulingSocialist Party of Serbia of being influenced by a "gay lobby".[12]
In September 2013, in the run-up to another attempted gay pride march in Belgrade, Boško Obradović said that the event amounted to "the imposition of foreign and unsuitable values, laid out before minors - the most vulnerable section of society".[13]
In 2014, the euroscepticDemocratic Party of Serbia of ex-Prime MinisterVojislav Koštunica was considering options about the formation of a "Patriotic Bloc" which would stand up to the political elite's dominating pro-EU stance, the coalition being called forth by the Dveri (with theSerbian Radical Party mentioned as a potential third coalition partner) movement. However, DSS initially rejected the proposal, stating that the proposed parties did not fully embrace DSS positions and that they merely want to join to enter the parliament.[14]
Dveri again ran alone in theMarch 2014 Serbian parliamentary election, winning 3.58% of the vote, failing again to pass the 5% minimum threshold to enter parliament. They were characterised by many as afar-right party at this point of time.[6][15] Dveri nominated journalistMarko Janković as their mayoral candidate in the2014 Belgrade City Assembly election.[16]
In November 2014 Dveri and theDemocratic Party of Serbia declared that they would contest the next elections as the "Patriotic Bloc" alliance.[17] In January 2015PULS and theSLS also joined the bloc.[18]Parliamentary elections were held on 24 April 2016, in which the "Patriotic Bloc" won 5.04% of the vote (13 seats, of which Dveri had 7). After this election, for the first time in history, they became a parliamentary party.[19]
Dveri announced on 3 September 2016 thatBoško Obradović, the president of the party, would be their candidate for the2017 presidential election.[20] Obradović officially started his ground campaign inČačak on 13 January 2017.[21] He placed sixth overall out of the eleven candidates in the presidential election, recording 2.29% of the national vote.[22]
In 2018, local elections were held inBelgrade andBor on 4 March and Dveri announced that they will be forming a coalition withEnough is Enough for those elections.[23] In Belgrade, the coalition won 3.89% of the vote.[24]
In 2018 they were one of the founding members of the catch-all oppositionAlliance for Serbia.[25] In October 2018, a controversy sparked around the memberSrđan Nogo who said that "Ana Brnabić andAleksandar Vučić should be publicly hanged".[26] Other members of Dveri including the presidentBoško Obradović opposed this and in early 2019 he was expelled from the party.[27] The coalition was dissolved in August 2020 after an agreement to form a wider coalition of opposition parties calledUnited Opposition of Serbia in which Dveri decided to not participate.[28][29] In late September, Dveri announced their new political program called "Promena sistema - sigurnost za sve" which was showcased to the public until the end of 2020. In this new program, Dveri claimed to have adoptedenvironmentalism andChristian democracy as their ideologies.
Together with thePeople's Party,Serbian Party Oathkeepers, andNew Democratic Party of Serbia, it signed a joint declaration for the "reintegration ofKosovo into the constitutional and legal order of Serbia" in October 2022.[30] In November 2022, Dveri published a text in which it said that "in vitro fertilization with donated reproductive material from Spain and Denmark could affect the change of genome of Serbs", a statement which was condemned by opposition and government parties.[31][32]
After Dveri failed to cross the threshold in the 2023 elections, Obradović resigned as president of Dveri on 23 December.[33] Dveri were led by provisional leadership until 29 September 2024 whenIvan Kostić was elected new president. Slobodan Davidović and Zoran Pavlović were elected vice presidents.[34]
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Dveri was initially orientated towardsChristian fundamentalism,[35]clerical-fascism,[36] andultranationalism.[37][38][39] Its ideology was also described asfascist,[40][41] andantisemitic.[42] During its foundation, Dveri published books and magazines withclerical andnationalist content.[43] It has also campaigned againstabortion.[44] Since its foundation, Dveri has been supportive ofChristian right views andmonarchism.[42][44][45][46] Scholars have also described its ideological stances asxenophobic, due to their Christian right stances.[35][47] It has also been known as a staunch opponent ofgay rights.[48][49] It advocates "conservative Orthodox positions on social issues", and sees homosexuality as "a foreign imposition" on Eastern Europe.[50]
Dveri has been described as aright-wing,[51]far-right,[52][48][53][54][55] andradical-right party.[56] It also has been described asnationalist,[57][58][59] andconservative.[60][61] Dveri has been also classified as aright-wing populist party,[62][63][64] due to its opposition toillegal immigration,[49][65][66] andeuroscepticism.[67][68] Economically, it is supportive ofeconomic nationalism,[69][70]protectionism,[1] andeco-nationalism.[71][72][73] It is economically left-wing, and an analysis of Serbian parties byFriedrich-Ebert-Stiftung described it as "the most leftist party in the entireElectoral Compass field" on economic issues.[1]
Dveri cooperates with the French partyReconquête[74] and the RomanianAlliance for the Union of Romanians.[75] It cooperated with theAlternative for Germany (AfD) andUnited Russia.[76][77] It has been described as Russophilic.[78] In December 2023, SSZ and Dveri organised a gathering featuring far-right parties AfD, HungarianOur Homeland Movement, and BulgarianRevival.[79]
| # | President | Born–Died | Term start | Term end | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Boško Obradović |  | 1976– | 28 June 2015 | 23 December 2023 |
| – | Provisional leadership | – | 23 December 2023 | 29 September 2024 | |
| 2 | Ivan Kostić | 1976– | 29 September 2024 | Incumbent | |
| Year | Leader | Popular vote | % of popular vote | # | # of seats | Seat change | Coalition | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | Vladan Glišić | 169,590 | 4.54% |  8th | 0 / 250 |  0 | – | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2014 | Boško Obradović | 128,458 | 3.69% | 6th | 0 / 250 | 0 | – | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2016 | 190,530 | 5.19% | 6th | 7 / 250 | 7 | Dveri–DSS | Opposition | |
| 2020 | Election boycott | 0 / 250 |  7 | SzS | Extra-parliamentary | |||
| 2022 | 144,762 | 3.92% | 6th | 6 / 250 | 6 | Dveri–POKS | Opposition | |
| 2023 | 105,165 | 2.83% | 6th | 0 / 250 | 6 | NO | Extra-parliamentary | |
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| Year | Candidate | 1st round popular vote | % of popular vote | 2nd round popular vote | % of popular vote | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | Vladan Glišić | 8th | 108,303 | 2.90% | — | — | — |
| 2017 | Boško Obradović | 6th | 83,523 | 2.32% | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 4th | 165,181 | 4.46% | — | — | — | |
Dveri are also more pro-state redistribution (leftist) compared to other parties from this group; due to their protectionist claims, Dveri represents the most leftist party in the entire Electoral Compass field.
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