Dutch Celebes | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1699–1946 | |||||||||
 Flag  Coat of arms | |||||||||
| Status | Dutch Colony Part of theGreat East (1938–1946) | ||||||||
| Capital | Makassar | ||||||||
| Common languages | Dutch,Malay,Indonesian | ||||||||
| Governor of Makassar/Governor of Celebes | |||||||||
| Commander | |||||||||
| Historical era | Imperialism | ||||||||
• Dutch conquest of theSultanate of Makassar | 1699 | ||||||||
| 1946 | |||||||||
| Currency | Netherlands Indies gulden | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Dutch Celebes refers to the period of colonial governance on the island ofSulawesi - as a commandment of theDutch East India Company from 1699[1] until its demise in the early 1800s, and then as a part of the Netherlands Indies orDutch East Indies until 1945. Dutch presence in the region started with the capture ofSulawesi from the Portuguese, and ended with the establishment of theState of East Indonesia. Celebes is now referred to asSulawesi. Makassar, the capital, was also referred to as: Macassar, Makassar, Macaçar, Mancaçar, or Goa, Gowa (not to be confused with Goa, the capital of Portuguese India).[2]
Sulawesi prior to Dutch governance had been a part of theSultanate of Gowa. In 1660 a large fleet under Johan van Dam bombarded Makassar. From 1667 onward theVOC heldFort Rotterdam in the port of Makassar. The fortress was established in 1669.[3] After four months of conflict to forceSultan Hasanuddin to submit, on 18 November 1667 theTreaty of Bongaya was signed, by which Dutch governance was accepted.[4] Celebes and Dependencies ("Celebes en Onderhoorigheden") was the name of a government of 1847-1924 and from 1925 of a residence of the Dutch East Indies, divided into sections. The capital was Makassar, which before 1847 had been the name of the government.[5][6]
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