| Dushasana | |
|---|---|
 Dushasana disrobing Draupadi, painting byM. V. Dhurandhar | |
| Information | |
| Family |
|
| Children | Drumasena (son) |
| Relatives | |
Dushasana (Sanskrit:दुःशासन,दुःशासन,Duḥśāsanalit. 'hard to rule'), also spelledDuhshasana,Dussasana orDuhsasana, also known asSushasana, is anantagonist in theHindu epicMahabharata. He was second eldest among theKaurava princes and the younger brother ofDuryodhana. Dushasana's jealousy and herd mentality were the two qualities said to have led to his downfall in the Mahabharata.
His name derives from the Sanskrit wordsduḥ- "hard" andśāsana "rule"; thusduḥśāsana means "[one who is] hard to rule."[1]
WhenDhritarashtra's queenGandhari's pregnancy continued for an unusually long time, she beat her womb in frustration and out of jealousy towardsKunti, the wife ofPandu, who had just given birth toYudhishthira (the eldest of the fivePandava brothers). At this, a hardened mass of grey-coloured flesh emerged from her womb. Gandhari was devastated and called uponVyasa, the great sage who had prophesied she would give birth to one hundred sons, to redeem his words.[2]
Vyasa divided the ball of flesh into one hundred and one equal pieces, each piece no bigger than a thumb. He put them in pots ofmilk, which were sealed and buried in the earth for two years. At the end of the second year, the first pot was opened and Duryodhana emerged. Within a period of one month all the other 99 sons and single daughter of Dhritarashtra were born. Dushasana was the second after Duryodhana.[2]
Dushasana was devoted to his older brotherDuryodhana. He (along with Duryodhana andShakuni) was very closely involved in the various schemes and plots to kill the Pandavas.
AfterYudhishthira lost a game of dice withShakuni—losing first his kingdom, then his brothers and his wifeDraupadi—Dushasana, at the behest of his brotherDuryodhana, dragged Draupadi by the hair into the assembly and tried to disrobe her. Draupadi prayed toKrishna, who made hersari to be of an infinite length so that Dushasana could not take it off. The assembled men were amazed at this miracle. They condemned Dushasana and praised Draupadi. However, Draupadi was humiliated at being dragged into court by her hair. Unlike the critical version, some tellings of the story say that she swore that she would never again tie up her hair until it was washed in Dushasana's blood. ThenBhima, who could no longer watch Draupadi's insult in silence, arose. He vowed to tear open Dushasana's chest in battle and drink his blood. Bhima also exclaimed that if he could not fulfill his oath, then he would not meet his ancestors in heaven.[3]
Dushasana played an important role inKurukshetra War and fought many warriors.
On the first day of war, Dushasana was the first one to shot the first arrow. He fought a fierce battle withNakula and later withYudhishthira and was defeated by them.On the second day of war, Dushasana killed Nakula's bodyguards. An angry Nakula defeated and nearly killed Dushasana in a sword fight.On the 10th day of war, Dushasana attacked and injuredShikhandi in order to saveBhishma.On the 13th day of war, Dushasana was among the powerful warriors who brutally murderedAbhimanyu. Abhimanyu badly injured Dushasana. Later, his son Drumasena killed Abhimanyu.On the 14th day, Dushasana tried to stopArjuna from reaching toJayadratha but defeated by him in a small archery duel.During the night war, Dushasana defeated and killedVirata's bodyguards.On the 16th day of the Kurukshetra War, Dushasana killedMagadha's minister Vrihanta.Bhima fought with Dushasana in a mace war and beat him. When Dushasana was unable to fight Bhima uprooted both the arms of Dushasana. Then he took out his armour, tore his chest using his bare hands and killed Dushasana. Dushasana's death was the most brutal death in the entire epic. To fulfill his oath, Bhima drank the blood from Dushasana's open chest. The soldiers who witnessed this brutal scene fainted, thinking of Bhima as a monster. All theKaurava supporting warriors were highly disturbed by this scene.[4]
Though not attested in the Mahabharata, according to folk narratives, Bhima washed Draupadi's hair with Dushasana's blood as a symbolic revenge for her humiliation.[5]
Media related toDushasana at Wikimedia Commons
