Dumanlı | |
|---|---|
  Dumanlı Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates:40°40′49″N39°47′3″E / 40.68028°N 39.78417°E /40.68028; 39.78417 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Gümüşhane |
| District | Gümüşhane |
| Population (2022) | 80 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
Dumanlı, also known asSanda (Pontic:Σάντα), is a village inGümüşhane District,Gümüşhane Province inTurkey,[1] close to its border withTrabzon Province. Its population is 80 (2022).[2]
The village was established in the 17th century[3] byPontic Greeks who fled the coast ofPontus in order to escape the oppression of theDerebeys.[4] It was originally named Santa (Σάντα) and was an important caravan and mining village, with 13 neighborhoods and more than 5,000 citizens.[5]
Before 1856, the inhabitants of Santa were recorded as Christian (51%) andCrypto-Christian (49%).[6] After 1856, with theOttoman Reform Edict of 1856 that equalized all citizens regardless of religion (removing the "first citizen" status of the Muslims), they changed their status to Christian instead of Crypto-Christians, as pretending to be Muslim was no longer necessary to receive equal rights.
During theGreek genocide, the population tried to organize armed resistance against theTurkish army. Pontian guerrilla bands appeared in the mountains of Santa as early as 1916 under the leadership ofEuklidis Kourtidis and successfully resisted a Turkish attack on September 6, 1921.
Later during thepopulation exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923, Santa's citizens refused to accept the exchange and fought against being deported, but in the end, they were deported to Greece.[4] After the exchange, the village was completely vacated and renamed and the lands and properties were registered in the Turkish treasury.[5] The village's population settled inGreek Macedonia andThrace. The town ofNea Santa was founded by them in theKilkis regional unit inCentral Macedonia.
Today it is a sparsely populated district in the far north ofGümüşhane province, consisting of seven villages:[7]
The Santa ruins were declared a Cultural-Archaeological Site and Natural Site in 1999.[3] But as of 2022, only seven of the 13 villages with historical settlements have the conservation status.[5]
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