Dugald Drummond
Dugald Drummond
Born	(1840-01-01)1 January 1840 Ardrossan, Ayrshire, Scotland
Died	8 November 1912(1912-11-08) (aged 72) Surbiton, Surrey, England
Resting place	Brookwood Cemetery 51°17′57″N0°37′25″W / 51.299236°N 0.623569°W /51.299236; -0.623569
Nationality	Scottish
Occupation	Engineer
Engineering career
Discipline	Mechanical and Locomotive
Employer(s)	North British Railway Caledonian Railway London and South Western Railway
Awards	Telford medal (1896/7)[1]

Dugald Drummond (1 January 1840 – 8 November 1912) was a Scottishsteam locomotive engineer. He had a career with theNorth British Railway,LB&SCR,Caledonian Railway andLondon and South Western Railway. He was the older brother of the engineerPeter Drummond, who often followed Dugald's ideas in his own work.

He was a major locomotive designer and builder^[2] and many of his London and South Western Railway engines continued in main line service with theSouthern Railway to enterBritish Railways service in 1947. He was awarded aTelford medal by theInstitution of Civil Engineers in 1896/7 for a presentation on 'high pressure in locomotives'.^[1]

Drummond was born inArdrossan, Ayrshire on 1 January 1840. His father was permanent way inspector for the Bowling Railway. Drummond was apprenticed toForest & Barr ofGlasgow gaining further experience on the Dumbartonshire andCaledonian Railways. He was in charge of the boiler shop at the Canada Works,Birkenhead ofThomas Brassey before moving to theEdinburgh and Glasgow Railway'sCowlairs railway works in 1864 underSamuel Waite Johnson.

He became foreman erector at theLochgorm Works,Inverness, of theHighland Railway underWilliam Stroudley and followed Stroudley to theLondon Brighton and South Coast Railway'sBrighton Works in 1870. In 1875, he was appointedLocomotive Superintendent of the North British Railway.

Drummond was involved as anexpert witness in theTay Bridge disaster of 1879, being called to give evidence about the state of the track after the disaster. AlthoughLadybank, a0-4-2 locomotive of Drummond's design, had been booked to work the train it had broken down and was replaced byno. 224, a4-4-0 to the design ofThomas Wheatley, thus freeing Drummond to act as an independent witness.^[3] He said that the entire train had fallen vertically down when the High Girders collapsed, from the impact marks the wheels had made on the lines. All the axles of the train were bent in one direction. The evidence helped disproveThomas Bouch's theory that the train had been blown off the rails by the storm that night.

In 1882 he moved to theCaledonian Railway. In April 1890 he tendered his resignation to enter business, establishing theAustralasian Locomotive Engine Works at Sydney, Australia. The scheme failed rapidly and he returned toScotland, founding theGlasgow Railway Engineering Company. Although the business was moderately successful, Drummond accepted the post as locomotive engineer of theLondon and South Western Railway in 1895, at a salary considerably less than that he had received on theCaledonian Railway. The title of his post was changed toChief Mechanical Engineer in January 1905,^[4] although his duties hardly changed.^[5] He remained with the LSWR until his death. His locomotives for this railway were usually capable, as long as they had no more than 8 wheels. However, his4-6-0 designs ranged from disastrous to mediocre. He also encumbered many of his LSWR engines with innovations which he had patented himself, such as firebox cross water tubes, and his smokebox steam drier, which only gave a very small degree of superheat. After his death, his successors improved the performance of many of his engines by fitting them with conventional smoke tube superheaters.

In addition to his post at LSWR, in 1895 Drummond was appointed as Locomotive Superintendent to theNational Rifle Association, with responsibility for rolling stock on theBisley Camp tramways. In 1897 he oversaw the design and construction of a new target truck for theRunning deer range, using targets that had been designed for the ranges atWimbledon by eminent animal painterSir Edwin Landseer.^[6]

Drummond died on 8 November 1912 aged 72 at his home atSurbiton. A myth has developed that he died as a result of scalding received on the footplate. However C. Hamilton Ellis states that he had got cold and wet and demanded a hot mustard bath for his numb feet. He was scalded by the boiling water. He neglected the burns,gangrene set in and amputation became necessary. He refused an anaesthetic and died of the shock. He is buried atBrookwood Cemetery, which is adjacent to the LSWR mainline, in a family grave just a stone's throw from the former terminus of theLondon Necropolis Railway.

Drummond's daughter, Christine Sarah Louise was born in Brighton in 1871, soon after the family's arrival there from Scotland. She marriedJames Johnson, son ofSamuel Waite Johnson CME of theMidland Railway 1873–1904. Her third child, born in 1905 was named Dugald Samuel Waite Johnson after both of his grandfathers.

Drummond designed the following classes of locomotives:

• NBR 165 class 0-6-0T, later LNER class J82
• NBR 100 class 0-6-0, later LNER class J32
• NBR 474 class 2-2-2
• NBR 476 class 4-4-0, later LNER classes D27 and D28
• NBR 157 class 0-4-2T, later 0-4-4T, later LNER class G8
• NBR 494 class 4-4-0T, later LNER class D50
• NBR 34 class 0-6-0, later LNER class J34

• Caledonian Railway 294 Class 0-6-0, later LMS class 2F
• Caledonian Railway 66 Class 4-4-0, later LMS class 2P
• Caledonian Railway 171 Class 0-4-4T, later LMS class 1P
• Caledonian Railway 262 Class 0-4-2ST, later LMS class 0P
• Caledonian Railway 264 Class 0-4-0ST, later LMS class 0F
• Caledonian Railway 123, 4-2-2, later LMS 14010, class 1P
• Caledonian Railway 385 Class 0-6-0ST, later LMS class 3F
• Caledonian Railway 80 Class 4-4-0, later LMS class 1P
• Caledonian Railway 272 Class 0-6-0ST, later LMS class 0F

• LSWR 700 class 0-6-0 known latterly as "the Black Motors"
• LSWR M7 class 0-4-4 tank engines known as "Motor Tanks"^[7]
• LSWR T7 class 4-2-2-0 prototype "double single"
• LSWR C8 class 4-4-0
• LSWR F9 class 4-2-4T known as "the Bug"
• LSWR T9 class 4-4-0 known as "Greyhounds"
• LSWR E10 class 4-2-2-0 "double single"
• LSWR K10 class 4-4-0 known as "Small Hoppers"
• LSWR K11 class railcar
• LSWR L11 class 4-4-0 known as "Large Hoppers"
• LSWR S11 class 4-4-0
• LSWR L12 class 4-4-0 known as "Bulldogs"
• LSWR H12 class railcar
• LSWR F13 class 4-6-0
• LSWR H13 class railcar
• LSWR C14 class 2-2-0 motor tank – later rebuilt as 0-4-0
• LSWR K14 class 0-4-0 tank engines first designed by Adams as class B4
• LSWR E14 class 4-6-0 known as "the Turkey"
• LSWR G14 class 4-6-0
• LSWR P14 class 4-6-0
• LSWR T14 class 4-6-0 known as "Paddleboxes"
• LSWR D15 class 4-4-0

• GB189727949, published 15 October 1898, Improvements in locomotive boilers^[8]
• GB189901077, published 2 December 1899, Improvements in apparatus for use in heating railway carriages^[9]

• Bradley, D. L. (1986).An illustrated history of LSWR Locomotives: the Drummond Classes. Didcot: Wild Swan Publications.ISBN 0-906867-42-8.
• Haresnape, Brian & Rowledge, Peter (1982).Drummond Locomotives: a pictorial history. Shepperton: Ian Allan.ISBN 0-7110-1206-7.
• Ellis, C. Hamilton (1956).The South Western Railway. London: Allen & Unwin.

• Dugald Drummond at www.lner.info
• Dugald Drummond and his brother Peter at steamindex.com

• 1840 births
• 1912 deaths
• Scottish mechanical engineers
• British railway pioneers
• Scottish railway mechanical engineers
• Locomotive builders and designers
• Burials at Brookwood Cemetery
• London and South Western Railway people
• Caledonian Railway people
• 19th-century Scottish engineers
• 20th-century Scottish engineers
• 19th-century Scottish businesspeople
• People of the National Rifle Association

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