 Parma |  United States |
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TheDuchy of Parma and theUnited States mutually recognized each other in 1850 with formal relations established in 1853. Diplomatic relations ceased in 1860 when the Duchy was incorporated intoKingdom of Sardinia then into theKingdom of Italy the following year in 1861.
On June 20, 1853,Secretary of StateWilliam L. Marcy addressed a note toÁngel Calderón de la Barca y Belgrano,Minister Resident of theKingdom of Spain, stating PresidentZachary Taylor would receive him on the following day for the ceremony of presentation of his credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Duke of Parma.[1]
Later in the month,Chevalier Rocco Martuscelli was appointed as the representative for the Duchy byCharles III to the U.S. At the time Martuscelli was theChargé d'affaires for theKingdom of the Two Sicilies. Given consent by the Two Sicilies government, Martuscelli presented his credentials and began serving as ambassador.[1]
The U.S. had no diplomatic presence nor had assigned any representative to the Duchy. Instead, the Duchy maintained consular residency inSan Francisco withGiovacchino Marco di Sastrustegui, the representative of the Kingdom of Spain accredited as the Consul of Parma in theSpanish Consulate-General.[1]
Relations ended in 1860 following theUnification of Italy when the Duchy was dissolved and incorporated into a singular Italian state. Following this, the U.S. formally recognized the Kingdom of Italy whenJoseph Bertinatti who was appointed as Minister Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of Italy presented his credentials on April 11, 1861.[2]
This article incorporatespublic domain material from"A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: The Duchy of Parma".U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets.United States Department of State.
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