| Dubai Metro | |
|---|---|
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 Dubai Metro train departing theBurj Khalifa / Dubai Mall station on theRed Line. | |
| Overview | |
| Native name | مترو دبي |
| Owner | Roads & Transport Authority |
| Locale | Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
| Transit type | Rapid transit |
| Number of lines | 2 (3 in 2029) |
| Number of stations | 55 |
| Daily ridership | 755,000 (2024) |
| Annual ridership | 275,400,000 (2024)[1] |
| Headquarters | Al Garhoud, Dubai |
| Website | www |
| Operation | |
| Began operation | September 9, 2009; 16 years ago (2009-09-09) |
| Operator(s) | Keolis Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Mitsubishi Corporation |
| Train length | 5 |
| Technical | |
| System length | 89.6 km (55.7 mi) |
| No. of tracks | 2 |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)standard gauge |
| Electrification | 750 V DC third rail[2] |
| Top speed | 95 km/h (59 mph) |
TheDubai Metro (Arabic:مترو دبي) is arapid transit system in the city ofDubai,United Arab Emirates. The metro system consists of a network of two main lines: theRed Line and theGreen Line. A third line, theBlue Line, is scheduled to open in 2029.
Dubai Metro was the first rapid transit train network in theArabian Peninsula and theGulf Cooperation Council.[3] It began operations on 9 September 2009.[4] The metro runs underground in the city centre and onelevatedviaducts elsewhere.[5] All trains arefully automated anddriverless. Both the trains and stations aretemperature controlled and haveplatform edge doors. Dubai Metro has a total length of 89.6 kilometres (56 mi) and 55 stations, 35 on the Red Line and 15 on the Green Line.[5]
From 2009 to 2016, Dubai Metro was the world's longest driverless metro network with a route length of 75 kilometres (47 mi), as recognized byGuinness World Records in 2012.[6] The system was surpassed by theVancouverSkyTrain in 2016 for the longest fully automated system in the world but regained the title in 2021 with the opening ofRoute 2020 until December 2024 when it was surpassed by the opening ofRiyadh Metro.[7][8]
In 1997,Dubai Municipality studies on urban development identified the need for a rail system to relieve growing traffic levels and to support the urban development in Dubai.[9] Planning of the Dubai Metro began under the directive of Dubai's Ruler, SheikhMohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum in 2003. Dubai expected to attract 15 million visitors by 2010.[10] The combination of a rapidly growing population, which was expected to reach 3 million by 2017, and severe traffic congestion necessitated the building of an urban rail system to provide additionalpublic transportation capacity, relieve motor traffic, and provide infrastructure for additional development.[11] In 2004, five consortia were shortlisted to build the first section.[12][13]
In May 2005, aAED 12.45 billion ($3.4 billion) design and build contract was awarded to the Dubai Rail Link (DURL) consortium made up of Japanese companies includingMitsubishi Heavy Industries,Mitsubishi Corporation,Obayashi Corporation,Kajima Corporation and Turkish firmYapı Merkezi,[14] The Project Management and Construction Management services contract was awarded to a French-American joint venture betweenSystra andParsons Corporation. The first phase worth AED 15.5 billion ($4.2 billion) covers 35 kilometres (22 mi) of the proposed network, including theRed Line betweenAl Rashidiya and theJebel Ali Free Zone[15]
Work officially commenced on the construction of the metro on 21 March 2006.[16] In February 2009, an RTA Rail Agency official stated the US$4.2 billion Dubai Metro project would be completed on schedule despite the2008 financial crisis.[17] 10 out of 29 metro stations of the Red Line opened on 9 September 2009.[18]
The Red Line was partially opened at 9 minutes and 9 seconds past 9 pm on 9 September 2009 (9/9/9 9:09:09 PM), inaugurated by SheikhMohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum.[19] More than 110,000 people, nearly 10 percent of Dubai's population at the time, used the Metro in its first two days of operation.[20] The Line opened to the public at 6 am (UTC 04:00) on 10 September 2009.[21] The Dubai Metro carried 10 million passengers from launch on 9 September 2009 to 9 February 2010 with 11 stations operational on the Red Line.[22]
Seven more stations on theRed Line opened on 30 April 2010:Emirates,Airport Terminal 1,Al Karama (now ADCB),Emirates Towers,Dubai Internet City,Dubai Marina (now Sobha Realty), andIbn Battuta. Ten new trains were pressed into service, giving a total of 22 trains in service when the stations opened. In addition to this, a further three stations were opened on 15 May 2010;Al Garhoud Station andWorld Trade Centre Station. Furthermore,Business Bay,equiti,InsuranceMarket (Al Barsha) Station,Al Fardan Exchange, andDMCC were opened on 15 October 2010. TheLife Pharmacy Station and the terminus of the Red Line was opened on 11 March 2011.[23] TheDanube was opened on 12 December 2012.[24][25]Al Jadaf Station andCreek Station, on the Green Line were opened on 1 March 2014.[26]
A 15 km (9.3 mi) extension of the Red Line known asRoute 2020, which connects toExpo 2020, was announced in September 2016, and was completed and inaugurated on 8 July 2020.[27] Engineering consultancy Atkins provided multidisciplinary design and management of the civil works on Route 2020.[28][29]
A 30 km (19 mi) third line with 14 stations, called theBlue Line, was announced on 24 November 2023, with a total investment of AED 18 billion, and an expected operational date by 2029.[30] The Blue Line will extend from the terminus of the Red Line on Centrepoint Station and the Green Line terminus at the Creek Station.[31]
The Dubai Metro was operated bySerco under contract to theRoads & Transport Authority which was last renewed in March 2019.[14][32][33] In March 2021, the Keolis MHI consortium ofKeolis (70%),Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (25%) andMitsubishi Corporation (5%) was announced as a new operator from 8 September 2021.[34][35]
Red Line trains run every 5 to 7 minutes off-peak (averaging 8.5 trains per hour), with a minimum headway of 3 minutes 45 seconds (16 trains per hour) during peak hours, with 44 trainsets in service. Trains from theRed Line andGreen Line can depart differently due to technical glitches. From 2010, when 51 trains were in service, the line had a peak-hour capacity of 11,675 passengers per hour in each direction. As of September 2014[update], the Red Line operates 60 trains (set numbers 5001–5045, 5065–5079). The theoretical maximum design capacity is 25,720 passengers per hour, which would require 106 trains.[36]
TheGreen Line had an initial capacity of 6,395 passengers per hour per direction, with 19 trains (set numbers 5046–5064) in service as of September 2014. The design capacity of this route is put at 13,380 passengers per hour with 60 trains in service.[37]
To permit fully automated operation,Thales Rail Signalling Solutions suppliesSelTrac IScommunications-based train control and NetTrac central control technology. This is configured for a minimumheadway of 500 seconds (40 trains per hour). The top speed of the trains is estimated to be around 95 km/h (59 mph), giving a round-trip time of 2 hours 23 minutes for the Red Line and 1 hour 23 minutes for the Green Line.[38]
Over 280,000 passengers used the Dubai Metro during the first week of its operation in September 2009.[39] After the first month of operation on a limited network, the monthly total passengers was 1,740,578 passengers, which equates to under 60,000 passengers/day.[40]
After the opening of more stations in May 2010, ridership surged to 103,002 passengers/day and reached 130,000/day by the beginning of October 2010. When the Green Line opened on 9 September 2011, passengers on the Red Line was noted as 180,000/day. In 2013, passengers rose to 377,000/day, split 64% for the Red Line and 36% for the Green Line.[41] During the first half of 2015, RTA announced that 88,252,034 passengers have used the metro.[42] In August 2017, RTA announced that total ridership since 2009 had surpassed 1 billion total trips.[43]
| Year | Total ridership |
|---|---|
| 2009 | 6,089,000[44] |
| 2010 | 38,089,000[44] |
| 2011 | 69,001,000[44] |
| 2012 | 109,049,000[44][45] |
| 2013 | 137,076,000[44][45] |
| 2014 | 164,031,000[44][45] |
| 2015 | 178,065,000[44] |
| 2016 | 191,300,000[46] |
| 2017 | 200,075,000[46] |
| 2018 | 204,000,000[47] |
| 2019 | 202,978,067[47] |
| 2020 | 113,063,000[44] |
| 2021 | 151,026,000[44] |
| 2022 | 225,142,000[44] |
| 2023 | 260,034,000[44][48] |
| 2024 | 275,400,000[1] |
Dubai Metro currently has a total length of 89.6 kilometres (56 mi) and 55 stations on two lines:[5][49]
A third line is under construction for operation by 9 September 2029:
The Red Line stretches along the city from the Jebel Ali area to the border withSharjah. It passes through several tourist attractions such asMall of the Emirates,The Dubai Mall, andBurj Khalifa.
Route 2020 is a 15 kilometer (9 mi) extension of the Red Line with seven new stations which starts at theJebel Ali Station and ends atExpo 2020.[50] Future plans will also extend this line to theAl Maktoum International Airport. The extension is served by new, redesigned trains fromAlstom. The extension opened in stages in 2021.[51][52][53]
The Green Line stays within the old Dubai area. It passes through historical sites, such as theDubai Museum, theGold Souk, and theSpice Souk. Stations near those places are built in keeping with thehistorical architecture of Dubai that mirrors the architecture of the surrounding area. The stations also have with photos depicting the UAE in the 1960s or earlier being on display within the station.[54]
| Lines | Terminals | Construction started | Opened | Newest Extension | Length km | Stations | Trip time | max speed | average speed | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red Line | Centrepoint | Life Pharmacy | 2006 | 2009 | 2021 | 67 | 34 | 55–75 minutes | 60–80 km/h | 34 km/h |
| Expo 2020 | 2016 | 2021 | 11 minutes | |||||||
| Green Line | E& | Creek | 2006 | 2011 | 2014 | 22.5 | 20 | 39–40 minutes | 60–90 km/h | 34 km/h |
| Blue Line | Creek | Academic City | 2025 | 2029 | 30 | 14 | ||||
| Centrepoint | ||||||||||
In 2011, the RTA stated that there are no "immediate plans" to build the Blue and Purple lines "in the next five or six years". This is mainly because the planned area is empty and developing.[55]
In 2013, the RTA laid out a three-phase plan to expand the existing lines and build new ones: extending the Green Line by 12 stations and 24 kilometres (15 mi) to Academic City by 2020; expanding the overall system by 58 stations and 91 kilometres (57 mi) by 2025 and completing expansion with a total of 69 stations and 221 km over and above the present 47 stations and 70 kilometres (43 mi) that are present as of January 2013.
In 2014, the RTA approved the recent proposal of extending the Red Line from Al Rashidiya station to Mirdif City Center which will increase 3.5 kilometers with the new station. However, there is also a proposal to extend it further to Al Warqa'a which is currently being studied.[61]
As of 2024, none of these extensions or proposed lines have been started or discussed and are currently indefinitely suspended until further notice.
On the Green Line, the RTA finalized the extension plan of 20.6 kilometers from Al Jaddaf toAcademic City in 2014. The extension is due to go throughFestival City, Lagoons, Ras Al Khor Industrial Area, International City,Dubai Silicon Oasis, andDubai Academic City.[62] This was later approved as the new Blue Line, which construction started in 2024 and is scheduled to open on 9 September 2029, to coincide with the 20 year anniversary of Dubai Metro.
In 2018, the engineering firmAurecon produced a study into a 7.5 km express metro line fromAl Qiyadah station on the Green Line till Al Nahda-2 Stn (Sharjah Metro).[63] The line would cost AED 3 billion, and could reduce traffic congestion between the two cities by up to 30%.
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Architecture firmAedas designed the metro's 45 stations, two depots, and the operational control centres.[64] TheAl Ghurair Investment group were the metro's builders.[65]
Dubai Metro is composed of at-grade (G) elevated Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 (T1, T2 and T3, respectively) underground stations (U) and underground transfer station types (UT).[citation needed] Type 1 is the regular at-grade concourse station, Type 2 is a regular elevated concourse station, and Type 3 is an elevated special track station with an extra track to hold a non-operational train. Underground transfer stations accommodate both the Red and Green lines for easy transfers.[citation needed][36]
Besides these differences, there are five themes used in the interiors of the stations:[66] The red line individually has 29 stations including the Interchange Stations between Green Line. The green line has 20 stations including the Interchange Stations between Red Line. Route 2020 (Connected with the Red Line from Jebel Ali) individually has 7 stations in total (including Jebel Ali; 6 without it).
Inside the stations will have air conditions from 24 to 21 Celsius.
The Earth stations have a tan-brown colour effects; water has blue-white colour effects; fire has orange-red colour effects; and the air has green colour effects.[67][68]
Officials have negotiated with international and local companies overnaming rights for 23 stations on the two lines. Thiscorporate branding is the first of its kind.[69] Some examples are:BurJuman,Burj Khalifa/Dubai Mall,Mall of the Emirates,DAMAC Properties andUAE Exchange.
Each station has a bus route with drop-off zones to the metro station as well as taxi lay by's.[58]
The Dubai Metro has built three large multi-level car parking with an estimated capacity to accommodate more than 8,000 vehicles for the passengers where they can park their car and ride the metro.
| Stations | Line | Spaces |
|---|---|---|
| Centrepoint (Rashidiya) Metro Station | Red Line | 2700 cars |
| Life Pharmacy Metro Station | Red Line, Branch | 3000 cars |
| e& Metro Station | Green Line | 2300 cars |
| Jumeirah Golf Estates Metro Station | Red Line | 400 cars |
The parking is free for the metro users.
All metro stations have elevators and contrastingtactile guidance path to guide the visually impaired. There are also dedicated spaces for wheelchair users on all the trains. Handicapped passengers, also known as 'people of determination' in the UAE, can ride with any RTA service for free with a special, personalizedNol Card.
Emergency stop buttons, intercoms andplatform screen doors with corresponding flashing light signals are installed at every station for the safety of the passengers. Trains are equipped with emergency stop buttons, door release levers, intercoms and fire extinguishers. CCTV is operational throughout the entire network and in trains and police officers are regularly on patrol in the stations, especially during rush hours.
Wi-Fi connectivity is available across all trains and stations and is provided bydu which is in par with the Wi-Fi UAE program which provides Wi-Fi connectivity across major parts of UAE. Mobile phone coverage is available across the entire network of the metro. The metro itself has Wi-Fi connectivity inside for the commuters to access with two tiers of Internet access with the normal service being free whereas the premium service can be accessed by a nominal fee.[70]
The Dubai Transport is divided into 4 tiers (5 zones). The prices were slightly increased as of 11 November 2014.[citation needed][71] The cheapest ticket (not preloaded, and not in the "gold" class) with a distance not more than 3 km cost 3 AED (about $0.82) – the equivalent of Tier 0, and most costly single trip (Tier 3, exceed 2 zones, and paper not preloaded ticket also[clarification needed]) 7.5 AED (about $2.04) and was not increased from opening. Tier 1 is one zone trip, where the travel exceeds 3 km, Tier 2 is neighbouring 2 zones travel. Also (excluding Gold class) using cards there is "no more paying" – a free rest of day travel if the cost exceeds 14 AED (about $3.81).[72][73]
The Dubai Metro has a fixed fare based on three tiers and travelling under 3 km costs 3 AED.[74] The tiers are:
| Tiers |
|---|
| Tier 1 |3 AED| Within 1 zone start and end in same zone |
| Tier 2 |5 AED| Starts in 1 zone and ends in neighboring zone |
| Tier 3 |10 AED| Crosses 3 or more zones |
TheNol Card are used by the passengers to check-in and check-out at the gates in their destination station. No other payment form (cash, credit card) can be used. The fare will be automatically deducted based on the number of zones traveled. Passengers will be allowed to check-in when their card has more than minimum credit required.
Children below the age of 5 years or less than 90 cm and people with disabilities (personalized Nol Card required) will be eligible to travel the metro for free.
There is also a Nol Card available for students & seniors, and they can get a student & senior citizens' discount (usually half of the fare).
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Japanese manufacturerKinki Sharyo built a total of 79 five-car trains (60 on the Red Line, nineteen on the Green Line) for the system.[75] Their fleet numbers are 5001 – 5079, and each train's cars are assigned a 3 digit number and a letter from A to E (The first car is assigned A; second is B; third is C; fourth is D; fifth is E: For example, train set 5001 consists of cars 101A, 101B, 101C, 101D and 101E). The trains are designed to carry 643 seated and standing passengers, and unusually for a mass transit system, the trains have three classes of accommodation: Gold Class (first class), the Women and Children only class, and the regular Silver Class (economy).[76] The first train (Set 5001) was delivered to Dubai in March 2008.[75] The trains aredriverless, usethird rail current collection. Trained wardens accompany passengers to help with emergencies.[77] Four newer trains (Sets 5074, 5075, 5076, and 5077) are each painted with a different special livery, in which one of them (set 5077) representing the skyline of Dubai.[78] Set 5041 was painted with a specialMuseum of the Future livery and to mark the 15th anniversary of the Dubai Metro, another metro train (set 5002) was painted with a specialLEGO-themed livery. However, these liveries (excluding set 5041) are currently removed.
50 new trains, theAlstom Metropolis, were introduced in November 2018.[79] These trains have higher capacity, 696 passengers, up from 643 passenger on the current trains.[80] This will increase passenger capacity by about 10%. The new trains have a refreshed interior with better air conditioning, digital maps, improved speed, brakes and doors.[79] Out of these 50 trains, all 50 are running on the Red and Green Lines (mostly the Green Line). The fleet numbers of the new Alstom trains are 5101 – 5150, and similar to the original Kinki Sharyo trains, each train's cars also are assigned a 3 digit number and a letter from A to E (for example, set 5122 consists of cars 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D and 222E).
Brand Dubai collaborated withRoads & Transport Authority in March 2019 to launch the "Dubai Metro Music Festival", there was no festival in 2020 and 2021 because ofCOVID-19. It is held across Red Line stations from 14 to 20 Sha'aban every year.
| Year | Stations | Dates | Timings | Musicians | Nationalities | Instruments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Union,BurJuman,Burj Khalifa / Dubai Mall,Mall of the Emirates,DMCC | 17–23 March 2019 | 6am-12pm, 4pm-9pm (Union, BurJuman, Mall of the Emirates and DMCC), 12-4pm (Burj Khalifa / Dubai Mall) | Aksana Laukava, Vineet Panchal, PorcaPizza | Belarus,India,Italy | Saxophone,Tabla,Recycled One Man Band |
| 2020 | None because ofCOVID-19 | |||||
| 2021 | None because ofCOVID-19 | |||||
| 2022 | Union,BurJuman,Mall of the Emirates,Jabal Ali,Expo 2020 | 16–22 March 2022 | 4-10pm | Inass Halal, Christophe Servas, Al Taj, Jose Luis Torres | Syria,France,Egypt,Ecuador | Percussion,Flute and Recycled Instruments,Flute Beatbox,One Man Band |
| 2023 | Union,BurJuman,Financial Centre,Mall of the Emirates,Sobha Realty | 6–12 March 2023 | 4-10pm | John Buttigieg, Anetta Morozova, Isabelle Clarençon | Australia,Russia,France | Guitar,Flute,DJ andPiano |
| 2024 | Union,BurJuman,Burj Khalifa / Dubai Mall,Mall of the Emirates,DMCC | 21–27 September 2024 | 5-10pm |
On 1 November 2018, as part of the RTA's Public Transport Day, the longest diverse human chain of hand was formed in a Dubai metro train atEtisalat station.[81] The record was acknowledged byGuinness World Records. The chain was formed by people from 96 countries around the whole world. Previously this record was with Norway, where 75 nations made a diverse human chain.[81]
Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, gave his directions to transform Dubai Metro stations into art museums under the supervision ofDubai Culture and Arts Authority. The project was announced in early April 2014 and aims to display contemporary and modern art.[82]
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Rapid transit in Asia | |
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 Armenia | |
 Azerbaijan | |
 Bangladesh | |
 China (PRC) |
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 Georgia | |
 India | |
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* Under construction. | |
