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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Drolban, Masteril, Masteron, others |
| Other names | Dromostanolone propionate; NSC-12198; Drostanolone 17β-propionate; 2α-Methyl-4,5α-dihydrotestosterone 17β-propionate; 2α-Methyl-DHT propionate; 2α-Methyl-5α-androstan-17β-ol-3-one 17β-propionate |
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| Routes of administration | Intramuscular injection[1] |
| Drug class | Androgen;Anabolic steroid;Androgen ester |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Oral: 0–2% Intramuscular: 100% |
| Protein binding | High |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Eliminationhalf-life | Intramuscular: 2 days[1] |
| Excretion | Urine |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.550 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C23H36O3 |
| Molar mass | 360.538 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Drostanolone propionate, ordromostanolone propionate, sold under the brand namesDrolban,Masteril, andMasteron among others, is anandrogen andanabolic steroid (AAS) medication which was used to treatbreast cancer in women but is now no longer marketed.[1][2] It is given byinjection into muscle.[1]
Side effects of drostanolone propionate includesymptoms ofmasculinization likeacne,increased hair growth,voice changes, and increasedsexual desire.[1] It has no risk ofliver damage.[1] The drug is asynthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is anagonist of theandrogen receptor (AR), thebiological target of androgens liketestosterone anddihydrotestosterone (DHT).[1][3] It has moderateanabolic effects and weakandrogenic effects, which give it a mild side effect profile and make it especially suitable for use in women.[1] The drug has noestrogenic effects.[1] Drostanolone propionate is anandrogen ester and a long-lastingprodrug ofdrostanolone in the body.[1]
Drostanolone propionate was first described in 1959 and was introduced for medical use in 1961.[1][4][5] In addition to its medical use, drostanolone propionate is used toimprove physique and performance.[1] The drug is acontrolled substance in many countries and so non-medical use is generally illicit.[1][6]
The principal clinical indication of drostanolone propionate in theUnited States as well as international markets was the treatment of advanced inoperablebreast cancer in women.[1]
Hormonal treatment is part of the complex therapy for some kind oftumors, particularly the ones associated with hormone-active tissues like breast orprostate cancer. Some types ofbreast cancer cells, expressingestrogen receptors (called ER+ cancers), useestrogen for their growth and dissemination. That is why drugs that block estrogen receptors or decrease their expression on the cell membrane,antiestrogens, could limit the tumor spread and size. Drostanolone propionate has been FDA approved[7] as anantiestrogenic drug for the treatment of breast cancer. By the time of its release, there were not many alternatives for patients with breast cancer and drostanolone propionate was a revolution for these patients. As it has lowerandrogenic rate compared totestosterone, the risk ofvirilization is much lighter. Due to this fact, women, who usually do not respond well to any AAS, were having much greater chance to survive cancer. Drostanolone propionate can also be used for breast tumors that do not respond well to other treatments or also aspalliative care for advanced incurable tumors. The effects of the product depend of course on the dose and period of administration. The risk of virilization becomes greater with high doses and continuous administration period.
| Route | Medication | Form | Dosage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral | Methyltestosterone | Tablet | 30–200 mg/day | |
| Fluoxymesterone | Tablet | 10–40 mg 3x/day | ||
| Calusterone | Tablet | 40–80 mg 4x/day | ||
| Normethandrone | Tablet | 40 mg/day | ||
| Buccal | Methyltestosterone | Tablet | 25–100 mg/day | |
| Injection (IMTooltip intramuscular injection orSCTooltip subcutaneous injection) | Testosterone propionate | Oil solution | 50–100 mg 3x/week | |
| Testosterone enanthate | Oil solution | 200–400 mg 1x/2–4 weeks | ||
| Testosterone cypionate | Oil solution | 200–400 mg 1x/2–4 weeks | ||
| Mixed testosterone esters | Oil solution | 250 mg 1x/week | ||
| Methandriol | Aqueous suspension | 100 mg 3x/week | ||
| Androstanolone (DHT) | Aqueous suspension | 300 mg 3x/week | ||
| Drostanolone propionate | Oil solution | 100 mg 1–3x/week | ||
| Metenolone enanthate | Oil solution | 400 mg 3x/week | ||
| Nandrolone decanoate | Oil solution | 50–100 mg 1x/1–3 weeks | ||
| Nandrolone phenylpropionate | Oil solution | 50–100 mg/week | ||
| Note: Dosages are not necessarily equivalent.Sources: See template. | ||||
Drostanolone propionate is or has been used forphysique- and performance-enhancing purposes bycompetitiveathletes,bodybuilders, andpowerlifters.[1]
Drostanolone propionate produces considerably lessvirilization in women compared to equal doses oftestosterone propionate.[1] However, since the given dosage for breast cancer was relatively high (200 mg/twice a week),[8] mild virilization includingoily skin,acne,voice deepening,hirsutism, andclitoral enlargement could still occur, and marked virilization could manifest with long-term therapy.[1] The drug has noestrogenic activity and hence has no propensity for causinggynecomastia (in males) orfluid retention.[1] Drostanolone propionate is not known to pose a risk ofhepatotoxicity.[9][1]
| Medication | Ratioa |
|---|---|
| Testosterone | ~1:1 |
| Androstanolone (DHT) | ~1:1 |
| Methyltestosterone | ~1:1 |
| Methandriol | ~1:1 |
| Fluoxymesterone | 1:1–1:15 |
| Metandienone | 1:1–1:8 |
| Drostanolone | 1:3–1:4 |
| Metenolone | 1:2–1:3 |
| Oxymetholone | 1:2–1:9 |
| Oxandrolone | 1:13–1:3 |
| Stanozolol | 1:1–1:3 |
| Nandrolone | 1:3–1:16 |
| Ethylestrenol | 1:2–1:19 |
| Norethandrolone | 1:1–1:2 |
| Notes: In rodents.Footnotes:a = Ratio of androgenic to anabolic activity.Sources: See template. | |
Drostanolone propionate is aprodrug ofdrostanolone.[1] Like other AAS, drostanolone is anagonist of theandrogen receptor (AR).[1] It is not a substrate for5α-reductase and is a poor substrate for3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD), and therefore shows a high ratio ofanabolic toandrogenic activity.[1] As a DHT derivative, drostanolone is not asubstrate foraromatase and hence cannot be aromatized intoestrogenicmetabolites.[1] While no data are available on theprogestogenic activity of drostanolone, it is thought to have low or no such activity similarly to other DHT derivatives.[1] Since the drug is not17α-alkylated, it is not known to causehepatotoxicity.[1]
Drostanolone propionate, via its active form drostanolone, interacts with the AR and activates a cascade of genetic changes, including increasedprotein synthesis (anabolism) and decreasedamino aciddegradation (catabolism). It also induces a reduction or inhibition ofprolactin orestrogen receptors in thebreasts, which is linked to itsantitumor effects.[10][better source needed]
Drostanolone propionate is not active via theoral route and must be administered viaintramuscular injection.[1] Theelimination half-life of the drug via this route is approximately 2 days.[1] It has a much longer elimination half-life via intramuscular injection than drostanolone.[1] Drostanolone propionate ismetabolized into drostanolone, which is the active form.[1]
Drostanolone propionate, or drostanolone 17β-propionate, is asyntheticandrostanesteroid and aderivative of DHT.[11][12][1] It is the C17βpropionate (propanoate)ester ofdrostanolone, which itself is 2α-methyl-4,5α-dihydrotestosterone (2α-methyl-DHT) or 2α-methyl-5α-androstan-17β-ol-3-one.[11][12][1]
| Anabolic steroid | Structure | Ester | Relative mol. weight | Relative AAS contentb | Durationc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Position | Moiety | Type | Lengtha | ||||||
| Boldenone undecylenate |  | C17β | Undecylenic acid | Straight-chain fatty acid | 11 | 1.58 | 0.63 | Long | |
| Drostanolone propionate | | C17β | Propanoic acid | Straight-chain fatty acid | 3 | 1.18 | 0.84 | Short | |
| Metenolone acetate |  | C17β | Ethanoic acid | Straight-chain fatty acid | 2 | 1.14 | 0.88 | Short | |
| Metenolone enanthate |  | C17β | Heptanoic acid | Straight-chain fatty acid | 7 | 1.37 | 0.73 | Long | |
| Nandrolone decanoate |  | C17β | Decanoic acid | Straight-chain fatty acid | 10 | 1.56 | 0.64 | Long | |
| Nandrolone phenylpropionate |  | C17β | Phenylpropanoic acid | Aromatic fatty acid | – (~6–7) | 1.48 | 0.67 | Long | |
| Trenbolone acetate |  | C17β | Ethanoic acid | Straight-chain fatty acid | 2 | 1.16 | 0.87 | Short | |
| Trenbolone enanthated |  | C17β | Heptanoic acid | Straight-chain fatty acid | 7 | 1.41 | 0.71 | Long | |
| Footnotes:a = Length ofester incarbonatoms forstraight-chain fatty acids or approximate length of ester in carbon atoms foraromatic fatty acids.b = Relative androgen/anabolic steroid content by weight (i.e., relativeandrogenic/anabolicpotency).c =Duration byintramuscular orsubcutaneous injection inoil solution.d = Never marketed.Sources: See individual articles. | |||||||||
Drostanolone and drostanolone propionate were first described in 1959.[1][4] The related AASoxymetholone andmethasterone (methyldrostanolone) were first described in the same paper as well.[1] Drostanolone propionate was introduced for medical use in theUnited States in 1961 and inEurope shortly thereafter.[5]
Drostanolone propionate is thegeneric name of the drug and itsBANMTooltip British Approved Name, whiledromostanolone propionate is theUSANTooltip United States Adopted Name andUSPTooltip United States Pharmacopeia; there is noINNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name for this form.[11][12][13] The generic name of the unesterified form of the drug isdrostanolone ordromostanolone and the former is itsINNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name,BANTooltip British Approved Name, andDCFTooltip Dénomination Commune Française while there is noUSANTooltip United States Adopted Name.[11][12][13][2]
Drostanolone propionate was marketed under a variety of brand names including Drolban, Masterid, Masteril, Masteron, Masterone, Mastisol, Metormon, Permastril, and Prometholone.[11][12][1]
Drostanolone propionate appears to no longer be marketed.[1][2] It was previously available in theUnited States,Europe, andJapan.[12][1] In Europe, it was specifically marketed in theUnited Kingdom,Germany,Belgium,France,Spain,Portugal,Italy, andBulgaria.[12][1]
Drostanolone propionate, along with other AAS, is aschedule IIIcontrolled substance in theUnited States under theControlled Substances Act.[6]
Drostanolone (also known as dromostanolone) is a modified form of dihydrotestosterone. It differs by the introduction of a methyl group at carbon-2 (alpha), which considerably increases the anabolic strength of the steroid by heightening its resistance to metabolism by the 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme in skeletal muscle tissue.
