Dridex
| |
|---|---|
| Type | Trojan |
| Subtype | Banking trojan |
| Authors | NecursMaksim Yakubets |
Dridex, also known asBugat andCridex, is a type ofmalware that specializes in stealing bank credentials through a system that utilizesmacros fromMicrosoft Word.[5]
It primarily targetsWindows users who open maliciousemail attachments in Word orExcel, triggering macros that download Dridex and infect the system, exposing the user to banking theft.
Dridex is designed to steal banking information[6] from infected machines and immediately launchfraudulent transactions. It installs a keyboard logger and performsinjection attacks to capture sensitive data.
Dridex first appeared in 2012 as an evolution of the earlier Cridex and Bugat banking trojans. It incorporated elements of its predecessors’ code but introduced apeer-to-peer (P2P) communication architecture to enhance concealment and redundancy.[7]
By 2015, it had become one of the most prevalent financial malware strains, particularly targeting banking credentials through email-based phishing campaigns and malicious macro-laden attachments.[7] That year, theft attributed to Dridex was estimated at £20 million in the United Kingdom and $10 million in the United States, with attacks reported in more than 20 countries. In early September 2016, researchers observed the malware beginning to targetcryptocurrency wallets.[8]
In 2017, Dridex was distributed through a widespread phishing campaign that exploited a Microsoft Wordzero-day vulnerability. This method allowed infection without requiring users to enable macros and affected millions of users globally.[9] Around the same time, newer versions of Dridex began exploiting a vulnerability in Microsoft Office and WordPad that allowedremote code execution.[7]
In December 2019, US authorities filed charges against two suspects believed to have created the Dridex malware, including the group's alleged leader.[10]
In 2022, IBM researchers found similarities between the Raspberry Robin worm and Dridex malware loaders. Their comparative analysis showed that both used similar string decoding algorithms, anti-analysis techniques, and payload decryption routines. IBM suggested that Evil Corp may be using Raspberry Robin infrastructure to carry out attacks.[11]
Evil Corp (also known asDridex andINDRIK SPIDER), the group behind the Dridex malware, is a Russianhacking group that has been active since 2009.[12] Evil Corp operated with a hierarchical structure similar to traditional organized crime groups rather than typical cybercriminal networks. Its leader,Maksim Yakubets, ran the operation out of Moscow with the involvement of family members, including his father, brother, and cousins. The group invested heavily in laundering operations and maintained a tight-knit internal culture, regularly socializing and vacationing together.[13] Yakubets was a personal friend of core member or leader of theJabber Zeus hacking group Vyacheslav Penchukov, who was later arrested and imprisoned in the US. Asked if Russian hacking groups worked with Russian security services, as often accused in the West, Penchukov said: "Of course".[14]
In 2019, the USFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) named nine alleged members of the group, accusing them ofextorting orstealing over $100,000,000 through hacks that affected 40 countries.[15] That same year, theUnited States Department of the Treasury imposedsanctions on the group,[16] and theOffice of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) banned individuals in the U.S. from engaging in transactions with them.[17] People outside the US may be subject to secondary sanctions for facilitating significant transactions with the group.[17] The US government also charged two members and offered a $5 million reward for information leading to their arrest.[17]
As a consequence of the 2019 US and UK sanctions, Evil Corp was forced to alter its tactics. Facing increased scrutiny and legal risk, members abandoned online accounts, restricted their movements, and ceased using Dridex malware. The group adopted alternative access tools like SocGholish and began deploying a rotating set of ransomware strains, including WastedLocker and Hades, to conceal their identity and continue operations.[13]
In November 2021, theBBC reported that two alleged leaders of Evil Corp were living openly in Russia.[15][18] The following month, analysts at Emsisoft suggested that a ransomware attack initially attributed to REvil may have been the work of Evil Corp.[17]
In June of 2022, cybersecurity firmMandiant reported that Evil Corp had begun using off-the-shelf ransomware, such asLockBit, to disguise its identity and evade sanctions.[17] Mandiant also linked the group to threat actor UNC2165.[17]
Between 2022 and 2024, Evil Corp diversified its tactics and began affiliating with other ransomware groups, including LockBit. The group continued its use of SocGholish as its primary initial access tool. The UK’sNational Crime Agency (NCA) identified Aleksandr Ryzhenkov, a senior figure in Evil Corp, as a LockBit affiliate involved in ransomware attacks. In February 2024, LockBit was disrupted by an international law enforcement operation led by the NCA, known as Operation Cronos. Some Evil Corp members remain active in Russia; in December 2022, Igor Turashev and his company placed third in a hackathon organized by theWagner Group.[13]