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Drew Weissman

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American physician and immunologist (born 1959)

Drew Weissman
Weissman at 2024 Nobel Week
Born (1959-09-07)September 7, 1959 (age 66)
Education
Known forModifiedmRNA technologies used inCOVID-19 vaccines
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsImmunology
InstitutionsUniversity of Pennsylvania
ThesisRegulation of b lymphocytes with reagents that cross-link surface immunoglobulin (1987)
Doctoral advisorAnn Marshak-Rothstein[1]

Drew Weissman (born September 7, 1959) is an American physician andimmunologist known for his contributions toRNA biology.Weissman is the inaugural Roberts Family Professor in Vaccine Research, director of the Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, and professor of medicine at thePerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn).

Weissman's work underlies the development ofmRNA vaccines, the best known of which arethose for COVID-19 produced byBioNTech/Pfizer andModerna.[2] WithbiochemistKatalin Karikó, Weissman received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023 "for their discoveries concerningnucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19".[3][4][5] Weissman has been a recipient and co-recipient of numerous awards, also including the prestigiousLasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award. In 2022, he was elected to theNational Academy of Medicine[6] and theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences.[7]

Early life and education

[edit]

Weissman was born inLexington, Massachusetts, on September 7, 1959,[8] to Hal and Adele Weissman.[9]Hal isJewish and Adele isItalian.[10][11] While his mother did not convert toJudaism, he grew up celebrating all the Jewish holidays.[12] He grew up in Lexington[13] and attendedLexington High School, graduating in 1977.[14]

Weissman received hisB.A. andM.A. degrees fromBrandeis University in 1981, where he majored inbiochemistry andenzymology and he worked in the lab of Gerald Fasman.[15] He performed his graduate work inimmunology andmicrobiology to receive hisM.D. andPh.D. in 1987 atBoston University.[16] Afterward, Weissman did a residency atBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, followed by afellowship at theNational Institutes of Health (NIH), under the supervision ofAnthony Fauci, then director of theNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.[17]

Career

[edit]
Weissman with Katalin Karikó in 2022

In 1997, Weissman moved to theUniversity of Pennsylvania to start his laboratory in order to study RNA and innate immune system biology. He is now the Roberts Family Professor in Vaccine Research at the university.[18]

At the university, Weissman, an immunologist studying vaccines, met his future colleague and collaboratorKatalin Karikó at aphotocopier,[19] where they sympathized about the lack of funding for RNA research. At the time, Karikó had been trying RNA therapy oncerebral diseases andstrokes.[20] Immunologist Weissman began collaborating with biochemist Karikó, who switched her focus to the application of RNA technology to vaccines.[21] Weissman's support was critical in helping Karikó to continue and extend her research. Slowly they began to move the technology forward, solving problems one at a time. On the difficulty of gaining funding and recognition for their work, Weissman has commented "We had to fight the entire way."[22]

One of the major scientific obstacles they faced was that the RNA caused unwanted immune andinflammatory reactions as adverseside effects. Beginning in 2005, they published several landmark studies that usedsynthetic nucleosides to modify the RNA to prevent its degradation by the body.[23][24] This breakthrough laid the groundwork for the use of RNA therapeutics, though the study received little attention at the time.[25]

Weissman and Karikó overcame another major obstacle by developing a delivery technique to package the mRNA inlipid nanoparticles, a novel pharmaceutical drug delivery system for mRNA that protects the fragile molecule until it can reach the desired area of the body.[26] They demonstrated the effectiveness of the delivery system in animals.[27]

In 2006, Weissman and Karikó co-founded RNARx. Their objective was to develop novel RNA therapies. In 2020 their modified RNA technology became the key foundational component of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines, which were deployed worldwide against theCOVID-19 pandemic.[28]

Weissman has been collaborating with scientists at Thailand'sChulalongkorn University, most recently to develop and provideCOVID-19 vaccines for the country and neighboringlow and middle income countries that may not have immediate access to the vaccine.[2][29][30]

Weissman's laboratory continues to actively research the use of mRNA for next-generation vaccines, gene editing, and mRNA therapeutics. Projects include development of apan coronavirus vaccines, gene editing technology to enable genes that produce missing antibodies, and treatments for acute inflammatory conditions.[31] Weissman hopes that mRNA technology can be used to develop vaccines against influenza, herpes, and HIV.[13]

Recognition

[edit]

For their mRNA-related work, Weissman andKarikó were awarded the 2023Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,[3] the 2020Rosenstiel Award,[32] theLouisa Gross Horwitz Prize,[33] theAlbany Medical Center Prize,[34] theLasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award,[35] and theBBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award[36] (also withRobert S. Langer).

Weissman obtained an honorary degree by theDrexel University College of Medicine.[13] In 2021, he was awarded thePrincess of Asturias Award in the category for Scientific Research.[37] For 2022 he was awarded theBreakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, theJessie Stevenson Kovalenko Medal[38] of theNAS jointly with Katalin Karikó and also theJapan Prize[39] Also in 2022 he received theRobert Koch Prize[40] and theTang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science, the Golden Plate Award of theAmerican Academy of Achievement,[41] and was elected to the National Academy of Medicine and American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[42][43] In 2023 he received theHarvey Prize of the Technion in Israel (awarded for the year 2021).[44]

In 2022, Weissman andKarikó were awarded theNovo Nordisk Prize.[45]

According to a report inThe Washington Post, Weissman gets fan mail from people all over the world, thanking him for his work that made the COVID-19 vaccine possible — one said "You've made hugs and closeness possible again" — and asking him for a picture or his autograph.[13]

His name was included with Kariko in Time 2024 list of influential people in health.[46]

Patents

[edit]

Weissman is the co-inventor on several patents, including US8278036B2[47] and US8748089B2,[48] both with his colleague Katalin Karikó, which detail the modifications required to make RNA suitable for vaccines and other therapies. Later, these patents were licensed to Gary Dahl, founder and CEO of Cellscript, who subsequently licensed the technology to Moderna and BioNTech to ultimately use in their COVID-19 vaccines.[49]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Drew Weissman, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023: Official Interview".YouTube. March 29, 2024.
  2. ^ab"This Philly Scientist's Technology Helped Make the Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccine Possible". November 12, 2020.Archived from the original on November 13, 2020.
  3. ^ab"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023".NobelPrize.org. RetrievedOctober 2, 2023.
  4. ^"Covid | Premio Nobel de Medicina 2023: qué es el ARN mensajero por el que premiaron a Katalin Karikó y Drew Weissman".BBC News (in Spanish). October 2, 2023. RetrievedOctober 2, 2023.
  5. ^"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023".NobelPrize.org. RetrievedOctober 2, 2023.
  6. ^"NAM Members Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman Receive Nobel Prize in Medicine".National Academy of Medicine. October 2, 2023.
  7. ^"Drew Weissman".American Academy of Arts & Sciences. October 5, 2023.
  8. ^"Drew Weissman".nobelprize.org. October 2, 2023. RetrievedOctober 2, 2023.
  9. ^O'Kane, Caitlin (October 6, 2023)."This Nobel Prize winner's call to his parents has gone viral. But they always thought he could win it".CBS News. RetrievedOctober 8, 2023.
  10. ^"Drew Weissman, Katalin Karikó win Nobel in medicine for enabling mRNA COVID vaccines".The Times of Israel. October 2, 2023.ISSN 0040-7909.
  11. ^"Jewish American scientist wins Nobel Prize in Medicine for COVID vaccine".The Jerusalem Post. October 2, 2023.
  12. ^Agencies and ToI Staff (October 2, 2023)."Drew Weissman, Katalin Karikó win Nobel in medicine for enabling mRNA COVID vaccines".The Times of Israel.ISSN 0040-7909. RetrievedOctober 2, 2023.
  13. ^abcdJohnson, Carolyn Y. (October 1, 2021)."A scientific hunch. Then silence. Until the world needed a lifesaving vaccine".The Washington Post. RetrievedOctober 2, 2021.
  14. ^"An Overview of Vaccines".
  15. ^"The Brandeis alum whose research may lead to a COVID-19 vaccine".BrandeisNOW. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2021.
  16. ^"Drew Weissman | Faculty | About Us | Perelman School of Medicine | Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania".www.med.upenn.edu. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2021.
  17. ^Johnson, Carolyn Y."A gamble pays off in 'spectacular success': How the leading coronavirus vaccines made it to the finish line".The Washington Post.ISSN 0190-8286. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2021.
  18. ^"Drew Weissman, MD, PhD profile".www.pennmedicine.org. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2021.
  19. ^Krammer, Florian; Palese, Peter (February 27, 2024)."Profile of Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman: 2023 Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.121 (9) e2400423121.Bibcode:2024PNAS..12100423K.doi:10.1073/PNAS.2400423121.PMC 10907315.PMID 38381788.
  20. ^"Drew Weissman, l'architecte des vaccins contre le Covid-19".LEFIGARO (in French). December 24, 2020. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2021.
  21. ^Franzoni, Chiara; Stephan, Paula; Veugelers, Reinhilde (June 2021)."Funding Risky Research"(PDF).doi:10.3386/w28905.
  22. ^De George, Matthew (2021)."The Vaccine Trenches"(PDF).The Pennsylvania Gazette. No. May/June. pp. 42–49.
  23. ^Hogan, Michael J.; Pardi, Norbert (January 27, 2022)."mRNA Vaccines in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond".Annual Review of Medicine.73 (1):17–39.doi:10.1146/annurev-med-042420-112725.ISSN 0066-4219.PMID 34669432.S2CID 239050929.
  24. ^Katalin Karikó; Michael Buckstein; Houping Ni;Drew Weissman (August 2005)."Suppression of RNA recognition by Toll-like receptors: the impact of nucleoside modification and the evolutionary origin of RNA".Immunity.23 (2):165–75.doi:10.1016/J.IMMUNI.2005.06.008.ISSN 1074-7613.PMID 16111635.Wikidata Q24316383.
  25. ^Kolata, Gina (April 8, 2021)."Long Overlooked, Kati Kariko Helped Shield the World From the Coronavirus".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedOctober 2, 2023.
  26. ^Żak, Magdalena M.; Zangi, Lior (October 13, 2021)."Lipid Nanoparticles for Organ-Specific mRNA Therapeutic Delivery".Pharmaceutics.13 (10): 1675.doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13101675.ISSN 1999-4923.PMC 8538155.PMID 34683969.
  27. ^"Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman".National Academy of Sciences.
  28. ^"Understanding mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines".Center for Disease Control and Prevention. March 4, 2021. RetrievedOctober 2, 2021.
  29. ^"Chula Medicine Announced the Success of Clinical Trials for the "ChulaCov19" Vaccine".Chulalongkorn University. August 23, 2021.
  30. ^Saengmanee, Pattarawadee (June 15, 2021)."Leading by example".Bangkok Post.
  31. ^Siddiqui, Imran (April 6, 2021)."Penn professor whose mRNA research paved way for COVID-19 vaccine is leading new treatments".www.thedp.com.
  32. ^"Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award for Distinguished Work in Basic Medical Research".www.brandeis.edu.Archived from the original on May 8, 2021. RetrievedJanuary 23, 2021.
  33. ^"The Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize".Columbia University Irving Medical Center. June 14, 2018. RetrievedDecember 13, 2021.
  34. ^Albany Medical Center Prize 2021
  35. ^Hofschneider, Mark."Modified mRNA vaccines".Lasker Foundation. RetrievedDecember 13, 2021.
  36. ^"Find out about the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award".Premios Fronteras.
  37. ^IT, Developed with webControl CMS by Intermark."Katalin Karikó, Drew Weissman, Philip Felgner, Uğur Şahin, Özlem Türeci, Derrick Rossi and Sarah Gilbert – Laureates – Princess of Asturias Awards".The Princess of Asturias Foundation. RetrievedDecember 13, 2021.
  38. ^"Jessie Stevenson Kovalenko Medal".www.nasonline.org.
  39. ^"The Japan Prize Foundation".The Japan Prize Foundation.
  40. ^"Aktuelle Presse-Informationen".www.robert-koch-stiftung.de.
  41. ^"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement".www.achievement.org.American Academy of Achievement.
  42. ^"Tang Prize | Media | 2022 Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science Honors Three Scientists for Developing COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines".www.tang-prize.org.
  43. ^"Awards and Accolades | The Weissman Lab | Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania".www.med.upenn.edu.
  44. ^"Harvey Prize 2021". Archived fromthe original on June 1, 2016. RetrievedAugust 23, 2023.
  45. ^"Four scientists receive the Novo Nordisk Prize for their combined contributions to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine".Novo Nordisk Fonden. RetrievedApril 5, 2024.
  46. ^Park, Alice (May 2, 2024)."Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman".TIME. RetrievedSeptember 19, 2024.
  47. ^"Espacenet – search results".worldwide.espacenet.com. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2021.
  48. ^"Espacenet – search results".worldwide.espacenet.com. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2021.
  49. ^Elie Dolgin (June 1, 2015). "Business: The billion-dollar biotech".Nature.522 (7554):26–28.Bibcode:2015Natur.522...26D.doi:10.1038/522026A.ISSN 1476-4687.PMID 26040878.S2CID 4450181.Wikidata Q85290452.

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