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Mojsije Rašković | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 1750 |
| Died | 1773 |
| Occupation(s) | Intellectual, writer |
| Known for | Neo-Latin rhetoric, early secular thought in Serbian culture |
Mojsije Rašković (c. 1750 – 1773) was a Serbian intellectual and Neo-Latin rhetorician of the 18th century, known for early expressions of secularism in Serbian culture and for his mastery of Ciceronian Latin style.[1]
Rašković was likely born around 1750 (exact date unknown). He studied at the Lyceum in Bratislava (then Pozsony), where in 1768 he delivered a Latin farewell oration titledOratio quam Musis valedicens Posoniensibus ... habuit Moses Rascovitsch.[2] The oration was printed that same year and received favorable attention in Leipzig academic circles.[1] Rašković died prematurely in 1773.
Rašković’s oration is regarded as an exemplary work of Neo-Latin Ciceronian eloquence. It combines classical-humanist motifs (litterae,studia,Musae) with reflections on the social role of education.[1] He used well-known rhetorical topoi such asmonumentum / memoria litterarum andexempla / praecepta virtutis, framing literature as a utilitarian vehicle for moral and intellectual improvement. In doing so, he repeated the humanist sloganlitterarum lumen (“the light of letters”) from Cicero’sPro Archia, emphasizing the civilizing function of education.[3]
Rašković’s most frequently cited statement asserts that books donated to monasteries “gather dust” and “are sullied by flies,” one of the earliest expressions of a secular outlook in Serbian letters.[1] In the dedication of his 1768 oration toMetropolitan Pavle Nenadović of Karlovci, he reproached the ecclesiastical leader for encouraging education but failing to support secular Serbian literature.[3] Through this act, Rašković sought to direct Serbian cultural life toward higher secular and literary standards, following the example of Roman engagement with Greek learning.[1]
Though his life was brief, Rašković’s writings are regarded as a precursor to the Serbian Enlightenment.[4] His synthesis of classical humanism with Enlightenment rationalism reflects a transitional phase in Serbian intellectual history. Modern scholarship identifies him as one of the first Serbian writers to question ecclesiastical authority and to advance a secular, humanist vision of culture.[1]
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