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Adoyen ordoyenne (from theFrench worddoyen,doyenne in the femininegrammatical gender) is the senior ambassador by length of service in a particular country.[1]
In the English language, the meaning ofdoyen (feminine form:doyenne) has been borrowed from French to refer to any senior member of a group,[2] particularly one whose knowledge or abilities exceed those of other members. In theUnited States and other English-speaking countries, the title ofDean is often used for the seniormost member of the diplomatic corps.[3]
In many Catholic countries, the doyen of the diplomatic corps is theApostolic Nuncio regardless of the length of service. In a number of former colonies in Africa, the ambassador of the former metropolis holds this position.
A doyen or dean can only be a diplomatic representative of the highest class – anambassador or apapal nuncio (in some Catholic countries, only a nuncio, regardless of the time of accreditation, and in Burkina Faso, only one of the ambassadors of African countries).[4] The foreman's activities, for example, include instructing colleagues about local diplomatic customs. The moment of seniority of the heads of representative offices of the corresponding class in the diplomatic corps is determined by the date and hour of entry into the performance of their functions (in the practice of modern states, this moment is considered the time of presenting the credentials).[5]
In most countries, the longest-servingambassador to a country is given the title doyen of the Diplomatic Corps. The doyen is often accorded a high position in theorder of precedence. InNew Zealand, for example, the doyen takes precedence over figures such as thedeputy prime minister and formergovernors-general.[6]
In many countries that haveCatholicism as the official or dominant religion, theapostolic nuncio (the diplomatic representative of theHoly See) serves as doyen by virtue of his office, regardless of seniority;[7] in other cases, the nuncio is treated as an ordinary ambassador of the Holy See and has no special precedence. TheCongress of Vienna and theVienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations provided that any country may choose to give nuncios a different precedence than other ambassadors.[8]
The diplomatic corps may also cooperate amongst itself on a number of matters, including certain dealings with the host government. In practical terms, the dean of the diplomatic corps may have a role to play in negotiating with local authorities regarding the application of aspects of theVienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations anddiplomatic immunity, such as the payment of certain fees or taxes, since the receiving country is required "not to discriminate between states". In this sense, the dean has the role of representing the entire diplomatic corps for matters that affect the corps as a whole, although this function is rarely formalized.