Downton Castle is agrade I listed[1] 18th-centurycountry house in the parish ofDownton on the Rock inHerefordshire,England, situated about 5 miles (8.0 km) west ofLudlow,Shropshire.
The south-facing entrance front has a central square tower, six bays to the left terminating in an octagonal tower and five bays to the right flanked by a square tower, the whole resembling a medieval castle with embattled parapets.[1]Pevsner considered the inspiration to be the French semi-fortified houses in paintings byClaude Lorraine orGaspard Poussin.[2]
The estate of Downton was acquired byRichard Knight (1659–1749) a wealthy ironmaster fromMadeley, Shropshire, and proprietor of theBringewood Ironworks. It passed to his grandson the art connoisseur and MPRichard Payne Knight (1750-1824), who rebuilt the house in theGothic revival style.[1] Payne Knight was an enthusiast of thepicturesque style, and commissioned the landscape artistThomas Hearne to produce drawings of the grounds.[3] Construction started in 1772/3 and was largely completed by 1778.[2]
In 1824 the estate was inherited by the horticulturalistCharlotte Knight (c.1801-1843), niece of Payne Knight, the daughter and heiress of his brother, the botanistThomas Andrew Knight. She was the wife ofSir William Edward Rouse-Boughton, 2nd and 10th Baronet (1788-1856), ofDownton Hall,Stanton Lacy, Shropshire, (about 6 miles (9.7 km) to the NE of Downton Castle), aMember of Parliament forEvesham inWorcestershire. As her eldest son was heir to his father's estates and two baronetcies, she bequeathed the Downton Castle estate to their second son Andrew Johnes Rouse-Boughton-Knight (1826-1909), who in 1857 adopted the additional surname of Knight. He served asHigh Sheriff of Herefordshire in 1860 and at that time began improvements and extensions to the house, including a new entrance and porch, a north west tower, and a chapel.[1] He added terraced gardens in 1865 to the design of W.A. Nesfield. In 1881 the family resided there with twelve servants.[4] He died at Downton Castle in 1909.
During the Second World War, pupils fromLancing College, a boarding school on the South Coast, were evacuated to Downton Castle as the school was taken over as a naval training facility, HMS King Alfred. The castle remained in the possession of the Payne-Knight family until 1986 when it was sold along with its 5,000 acre (2,000 hectare) estate[5] to the Primat family,[6] co-heirs to theSchlumberger fortune.[7] It remains a private home and is not open to the public.[8]
52°22′04″N2°48′59″W / 52.3678°N 2.8164°W /52.3678; -2.8164