| Doubt | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | John Patrick Shanley |
| Screenplay by | John Patrick Shanley |
| Based on | Doubt: A Parable by John Patrick Shanley |
| Produced by |
|
| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Roger Deakins |
| Edited by | Dylan Tichenor |
| Music by | Howard Shore |
Production companies | |
| Distributed by | Miramax Films |
Release dates |
|
Running time | 104 minutes[1] |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $20 million |
| Box office | $51.7 million[2] |
Doubt is a 2008 Americandrama film written and directed byJohn Patrick Shanley, based on hisPulitzer Prize-winning andTony Award-winning 2004 stage playDoubt: A Parable. Produced byScott Rudin, the film takes place in aCatholicelementary school named forSt. Nicholas. The film starsMeryl Streep,Philip Seymour Hoffman,Amy Adams, andViola Davis.[3]
Doubt premiered October 30, 2008, at theAFI Fest before being distributed byMiramax Films inlimited release on December 12 and inwide release on December 25. Grossing $51.7 million against a budget of $20 million, the film received positive reviews. Streep, Hoffman, Adams, and Davis were highly praised for their performances, and all were nominated for Oscars at the81st Academy Awards. Shanley was also nominated forBest Adapted Screenplay.
In 1964 at aCatholic mass inThe Bronx, Father Brendan Flynn gives ahomily on doubt. The priest notes that likefaith, it can be a unifying force. Sister Aloysius, the strict principal of the church'sparish school, becomes concerned when she sees a boy pull away from Flynn in the courtyard. She orders hersisters be on alert for suspicious activity in the school.
Sister James, a young and naïve teacher, receives a request for Donald Miller, analtar boy and the school's only black student, to see Flynn in therectory. He returns to class upset, and she smells alcohol on his breath. Later, she sees Flynn placing an undershirt in Donald's locker. Reporting her suspicions to Aloysius, she states that such suspicions disquiet her faith. Aloysius tells her that addressing wrongdoing causes the taking of a step away from God but in His service.
Aloysius and James invite Flynn into the office, supposedly to discuss the school's Christmas pageant. During their discussion, the two express drastically different perspectives on how the church should function regarding its working-class congregation. Flynn believes in relating to parishioners more actively through shared interests and community activities, but Aloysius maintains that clear boundaries, which are set by the clergy, facilitate the relationship with the parishioners.
Eventually, Aloysius brings up Donald by noting that his race causes him to be at risk of being singled out. She states that even Flynn gave him special treatment like their private meeting last week. He becomes defensive over her insinuations and eventually reveals he called Donald to the rectory because he had been caught drinkingsacramental wine. Flynn had been keeping it quiet to protect Donald, but now that Aloysius has forced it out, he must be removed as an altar boy. James is greatly relieved to hear the explanation. Flynn's next homily is on the evils of gossip.
Unconvinced, Aloysius meets with Donald's mother regarding her suspicions. When describing the potential abusive relationship between Donald and Flynn, she is shocked by Mrs. Miller's seeming ambivalence. Finally, the mother tearfully admits that Donald isgay and fears his father would kill him if he knew. She describes her difficult position: since she is unable to protect her son from his father's violence, Flynn is the only male figure who has shown Donald any kindness. His position at the school shields him from bullies, and leaving the school now could compromise the better future that the school can give him. She begs Aloysius, if she wants to get her way, to remove Flynn instead of Donald. But her main desire lies for Donald to complete with good marks by June.
Knowing that she has spoken with Donald's mother, Flynn threatens to remove Aloysius from her position if she does not back down. She informs him that she contacted a nun from his last parish and discovered a history of past infringements. He demands to know what proof she has, and she admits that all she has is her certainty. Flynn accuses her of insubordination and acting outside her duties. She threatens that she will do whatever it takes to force him out even if it means being thrown out of the church herself.
Declaring his innocence, Flynn asks if she herself has never committed amortal sin. Aloysius rejects his claims of innocence and threatensblackmail if he does not resign immediately. Acknowledging that his downfall would be inevitable if he ignores her threats, he maintains that he did nothing wrong and that her own certainty of wrongdoing is fallible. She demands Flynn request a transfer, which he does, delivering a final homily before departing.
Sometime later, Aloysius tells James that Flynn has since been appointed to a more prestigious position at a larger church. She reveals that she lied about contacting a nun at Flynn's former parish and reasons that if it were false, the ruse would not have worked. To her, his resignation is proof of his guilt. James, still believing in Flynn's innocence, is shocked by her lie, but Aloysius restates, "In the pursuit of wrongdoing, one steps away from God." However, she adds that doing so comes with a price. She then tearfully exclaims, "I have doubts... I have such doubts!"
The other sisters in the film includeAlice Drummond as Sister Veronica,Audrie J. Neenan as Sister Raymond, andHelen Stenborg as Sister Teresa. The child actors who played the students of the school include Mike Roukis as William London, Lloyd Clay Brown as Jimmy Hurley, Frank Shanley as Kevin,Frank Dolce as Ralph,Paulie Litt as Tommy Conroy, Matthew Marvin as Raymond, Bridget Clark as Noreen Horan, Molly Chiffer as Sarah, andLydia Jordan as Alice. The actors who played the other staff of the school includeSusan Blommaert as Mrs. Carson,Carrie Preston as Christine Hurley,John Costelloe as Warren Hurley,Margery Beddow as Mrs. Shields,Marylouise Burke as Mrs. Deakins, and Jack O'Connell as Mr. McGuinn.
This would markJohn A. Costelloe's final film role as he would die four days after the film's release.
Production began on December 1, 2007.[4] The film, which is set in a Bronx Catholic school, was filmed in various areas ofthe Bronx, such asParkchester,St. Anthony's Catholic School, and the 2nd floor chapel in the Founders Hall ofCollege of Mount Saint Vincent, as well asBedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn.[5]The "garden" exterior scenes were shot at the historic Episcopal ChurchSt. Luke in the Fields on Hudson Street in New York'sGreenwich Village. The associatedSt. Luke's School was also heavily featured.The film is dedicated to SisterMargaret McEntee, aSister of Charity who was Shanley's first-grade teacher and who served as a technical adviser for the movie, after whom Shanley modeled the character of Sister James.
BeforeViola Davis was cast as Mrs. Miller,Audra McDonald,Sanaa Lathan,Taraji P. Henson,Sophie Okonedo andAdriane Lenox were all considered for the role.[3]
OnRotten Tomatoes, the film has a 79% approval rating based on 220 reviews. The site's consensus reads, "Doubt succeeds on the strength of its top-notch cast, who successfully guide the film through the occasional narrative lull."[6] Another review aggregator,Metacritic, gave the film a 68/100 approval rating based on 36 reviews, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[7]
CriticManohla Dargis ofThe New York Times concluded that "the air is thick with paranoia inDoubt, but nowhere as thick, juicy, sustained or sustaining as Meryl Streep's performance."[8] Streep's performance as the stern, intimidating and bold principal Sister Aloysius Beauvier was praised, as were Philip Seymour Hoffman and Amy Adams's performances.
The Observer'sPhilip French wrote, "Doubt is a provocative, pared-down work that in the theatre carried the subtitle 'A Parable', and it has four outstanding performances. At the centre are two of the finest actors alive, Meryl Streep and Philip Seymour Hoffman. Once again, they prove capable of transforming themselves, creating persuasive characters without adopting excessive make-up or a battery of eccentric mannerisms. They're supported by Amy Adams, who has several excellent scenes as Sister James, a young woman of transparent integrity, and by Viola Davis as Mrs Miller, a loving mother attempting to maintain her personal decency under intolerable conditions. Davis makes an indelible impression in her single scene."[9]
Viola Davis's performance as Mrs. Miller was praised by critics;Salon declared that the character was acted with: "a near-miraculous level of believability ... Davis, in her small, one-scene role, is incredibly moving—I can barely remember a Davis performance where I haven't been moved ... [she] plays her character, an anxious, hardworking woman who's just trying to hold her life and family together, by holding everything close. She's not a fountain of emotion, dispensing broad expression or movement; instead, she keeps it all inside and lets us in".[10]
NPR called Davis's acting in the film "the film's most wrenching performance ... the other [actors] argue strenuously and occasionally even eloquently, to ever-diminishing effect; Davis speaks plainly and quietly, and leaves [no] doubt that the moral high ground is a treacherous place to occupy in the real world".[11]
Roger Ebert, who thought Davis's performance worthy of an Academy Award, gave the film four stars, his highest rating, and praised its "exact and merciless writing, powerful performances and timeless relevance. It causes us to start thinking with the first shot", he continued, "and we never stop".[12] Ebert goes on to say, "The conflict between Aloysius and Flynn is the conflict between old and new, between status and change, between infallibility and uncertainty. And Shanley leaves us doubting."[12]
The film and the cast earned numerous awards and nominations including fiveAcademy Award nominations: forBest Actress for Streep,Best Supporting Actor for Hoffman,Best Supporting Actress for both Adams and Davis, andBest Adapted Screenplay for Shanley.
The scholar Daniel Cutrara, in his book on sex and religion in cinema, commented that the film works as a metaphor for worldwide uncertainty overpriests accused of pedophilia—specifically through Father Flynn's resignation as an indication of guilt and then Sister Aloysius's subsequent doubt.[13]
Doubt received fiveAcademy Award nominations in 2009, for its four main actors and Shanley's script. It was the fourth film to date—afterMy Man Godfrey (1936),I Remember Mama (1948), andOthello (1965)—to receive 4 acting noms without being nominated for Best Picture.
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