| Double Herm of Socrates and Seneca | |
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| Year | AD 200–250 |
| Type | sculpture |
| Medium | Marble |
| Dimensions | 27 cm (11 in) |
| Location | Altes Museum,Berlin |
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TheDouble Herm of Socrates and Seneca is anancient Romanstatue from the first half of the third century AD. Theherm depicts the Greek philosopherSocrates on one side, and the RomanStoicSeneca the Younger on the other. It currently belongs to theAntikensammlung Berlin, found in theAltes Museum.[1]
The two philosophers are joined together at the back of the head; their chests are in the shape of aherm. Both men have the usual cloak of a philosopher or orator above their left shoulder, although Socrates also wears an undershirt. The bearded Socrates is given asatyr-like form, as in literary descriptions and other portraits. Seneca, on the other hand, is depicted as clean-shaven with a receding hairline. His small, full-lipped mouth is pursed. It is speculated that the depiction of Seneca derives from a work created between AD 50 and 60—within the lifetime of the philosopher.
In ancient art, double herms were a common statue type. While inGreece they were displayed in public rooms, in theRoman Empire they were shown in private spaces.[citation needed] Thus, the combination of the two philosophers here owed something to the personal inclinations of the person who commissioned it, even if it is not clear why these two philosophers were linked in particular. Probably it has to do with the fact that they were both forced to commit suicide. The presentation of philosophers (and poets) as double herms was the most common use of this genre. This parallel presentation is also seen in literature, for example in theParallel Lives ofPlutarch.
This double herm is important to scholarship since it is the only image that can certainly be said to depict Seneca. The attribution is proven by aLatin inscription on the left side of the bust (from the point of view of someone looking at Seneca), while Socrates is identified by aGreek inscription on the right hand side. The identification of Socrates can be considered certain based on comparison with many other depictions of Socrates, many of which are of much better quality. The portrait of Seneca on the other hand is used today to identify other portraits and statues of Seneca.
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52°31′15″N13°23′47″E / 52.5208°N 13.3964°E /52.5208; 13.3964
