Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

Chelonoidis niger donfaustoi

Edit links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected fromDon Fausto’s giant tortoise)

Subspecies of turtle

Chelonoidis niger donfaustoi

At Santa Cruz, Galápagos, in 2024.
Conservation status
Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
CITES Appendix I ^[2]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Family:	Testudinidae
Genus:	Chelonoidis
Species:	C. niger
Subspecies:	C. n. donfaustoi
Trinomial name
*Chelonoidis niger donfaustoi* Poulakakis, Edwards & Caccone, 2015^[3]

range ofC. donfaustoi on Santa Cruz Island (inset: Galápagos Islands)

Chelonoidis niger donfaustoi, known as theeastern Santa Cruz tortoise, is asubspecies ofGalápagos tortoise living onSanta Cruz Island, within theGalápagos. Until 2015,C. n. donfaustoi was considered conspecific with thewestern Santa Cruz tortoise,C. n. porteri.^[4]

Tortoise populations on Santa Cruz Island

[edit]

Earliermitochondrial DNA studies of tortoises on Santa Cruz showed up to three genetically distinct lineages found in nonoverlapping population distributions around the regions of Cerro Monturra in the northwest, Cerro Fatal in the east, and La Reserva (or La Caseta) in the southwest.^[5] Although traditionally classified together, the lineages were all shown to be more closely related to tortoises on other islands than to each other, and thus are thought to be the result of three separatecolonizations of the island.^[6] Cerro Monturra tortoises are most closely related toC. n. duncanensis tortoises fromPinzón,^[7] Cerro Fatal toC. n. chathamensis fromSan Cristóbal,^[7]^[8] while Reserva tortoises are closer to the four southern races ofIsabela.^[7] Tortoises are aided inoceanic dispersal by their ability to float with their heads up, and to survive up to six months without food or water.^[9]

Classification

[edit]

In 2015,Chelonoidis niger donfaustoi was reclassified as a new subspecies on the basis of genetic and morphological data.^[3]C. n. donfaustoi is thesister lineage toC. n. chathamensis on San Cristóbal, and is part of aclade that also includesC. n. hoodensis ofEspañola andC. n. abingdoni ofPinta.^[3] Genetically,C. n. donfaustoi differs from other tortoises byallele frequency at 12microsatellite loci, which allowed assignment to the genetically distinct cluster.^[3]C. n. donfaustoi also shares a set ofnucleotides distinct from that ofC. porteri on the same Santa Cruz Island and fromC. n. chathamensis.^[3]

The reclassification reduced therange ofC. porteri to the western and southwestern parts of Santa Cruz Island.^[3] At the same time it confinedC. n. donfaustoi to the eastern part of Santa Cruz Island, with a population size estimated at 250 individuals.^[3]C. porteri was shown to be part of a clade that includes theFloreana and southern Isabela tortoises, as well as specimens reputedly representingRábida andFernandina.^[3]^[10]

The subspecies received thescientific epithetdonfaustoi in honor of Fausto Llerena Sánchez, who devoted 43 years to giant tortoise conservation as a park ranger within the Galapagos National Park Directorate. "Don Fausto" was the primary caretaker of endangered tortoises in captivity.^[3]

C. n. donfaustoi is the 15th known tortoise subspecies to be discovered on the islands, with four of those subspecies being extinct.^[11] The classification of a new tortoise subspecies was the first in over a century.^[12]

Appearance

[edit]

While similar to other Galápagos tortoises,C. n. donfaustoi can be distinguished from them by means ofshell size and shape.^[3] Some Galápagos tortoises are larger thanC. n. donfaustoi, with higher anterior opening of the shell.^[3]

References

[edit]

^Cayot, L.J.; Gibbs, J.P.; Tapia, W.; Caccone, A. (2017)."Chelonoidis donfaustoi".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2017 e.T90377132A90377135.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T90377132A90377135.en. Retrieved11 March 2022.
^"Appendices | CITES".cites.org. Retrieved2022-01-14.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^kPoulakakis, Nikos; Edwards, Danielle L.; Chiari, Ylenia; Garrick, Ryan C.; Russello, Michael A.; Benavides, Edgar; Watkins-Colwell, Gregory J.; Glaberman, Scott; Tapia, Washington; Gibbs, James P.; Cayot, Linda J.; Caccone, Adalgisa (21 October 2015)."Description of a new Galapagos giant tortoise species (Chelonoidis; Testudines: Testudinidae) from Cerro Fatal on Santa Cruz island".PLOS One.10 (10) e0138779.Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1038779P.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138779.PMC 4619298.PMID 26488886.
^Rachel Feltman (October 22, 2015)."A new species of giant tortoise was just discovered in the Galapagos".The Washington Post. RetrievedOctober 23, 2015.
^Russello, Michael A.; Glaberman, Scott; Gibbs, James P.; Marquez, Cruz; Powell, Jeffrey R.; Caccone, Adalgisa (2005)."A cryptic taxon of Galapagos tortoise in conservation peril".Biology Letters.1 (3):287–290.doi:10.1098/rsbl.2005.0317.PMC 1617146.PMID 17148189.
^Chiari, Ylenia; Hyseni, Chaz; Fritts, Tom H.; Glaberman, Scott; Marquez, Cruz; Gibbs, James P.; Claude, Julien; Caccone, Adalgisa (2009)."Morphometrics Parallel Genetics in a Newly Discovered and Endangered Taxon of Galápagos Tortoise".PLOS ONE.4 (7) e6272.Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.6272C.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006272.PMC 2707613.PMID 19609441.
^^a ^b ^cCaccone, A.; Gentile, G.; Gibbs, J. P.; Fritts, T. H.; Snell, H. L.; Betts, J.; Powell, J. R. (October 2002)."Phylogeography and History of Giant Galapagos Tortoises".Evolution.56 (10):2052–2066.doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00131.x.JSTOR 3094648.PMID 12449492.S2CID 9149151.
^Ciofi, Claudio; Milinkovitch, Michel C.; Gibbs, James P.; Caccone, Adalgisa; Powell, Jeffrey R. (2002). "Microsatellite analysis of genetic divergence among populations of giant Galápagos tortoises".Molecular Ecology.11 (11):2265–2283.Bibcode:2002MolEc..11.2265C.doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01617.x.PMID 12406238.S2CID 30172900.
^Le, M.; Raxworthy, C. J.; McCord, W. P.; Mertz, L. (2006-05-05)."A molecular phylogeny of tortoises (Testudines: Testudinidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes"(PDF).Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.40 (2):517–531.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.003.PMID 16678445. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2012-03-16. Retrieved2012-04-12.
^Marris, E. (2015-10-21)."Genetics probe identifies new Galapagos tortoise species".Nature. Nature Publishing Group.doi:10.1038/nature.2015.18611. Retrieved2015-10-23.
^"New species of giant tortoise discovered in Galapagos".BBC News. 22 October 2015. Retrieved26 October 2015.
^Feltman, Rachel (23 October 2015)."New species of giant tortoise discovered in Galapagos".The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media Network. Retrieved26 October 2015.

Tortoise family

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Subclass:Anapsida
Order:Testudines
Suborder:Cryptodira
Superfamily:Testudinoidea
Family:Testudinidae

Genera

Species of thetortoise family

Agrionemys

Russian tortoise

Angulate tortoise

†Hadrianus

†Hesperotestudo percrassa

Pancake tortoise

Leopard tortoise

†Stylemys

Testudo

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onturtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. Key: †=extinct.

Testudines

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Clade:Diapsida
Order:Testudines

Genus

Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)

Cheloniidae	†Allopleuron Caretta †Carolinochelys Chelonia †Eochelone Eretmochelys †Gigantatypus †Glarichelys †Itilochelys Lepidochelys †Mexichelys †Miocaretta Natator †Pacifichelys †Syllomus †Tasbacka
Dermochelyidae	†Arabemys †Corsochelys †Cosmochelys Dermochelys †Eosphargis †Mesodermochelys †Psephophorus
	†Euclastes †Peritresius †Procolpochelys †Protosphargis †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae	Dermatemys
Kinosternidae	Claudius †Hoplochelys Kinosternon Staurotypus Sternotherus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae	†Acherontemys Chrysemys Clemmys Deirochelys Emys Actinemys Emydoidea Glyptemys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Terrapene Trachemys †Wilburemys
Geoemydidae	Batagur †Banhxeochelys Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Rhinoclemmys Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys
Platysternidae	Platysternon
Testudinidae	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Centrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis †Cymatholcus †Floridemys Geochelone Gopherus †Hadrianus †Hesperotestudo Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria †Megalochelys †Oligopherus Psammobates Pyxis †Solitudo Stigmochelys †Stylemys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae	†Allaeochelys †Anosteira Carettochelys
Trionychidae	Amyda Apalone †Axestemys Chitra Cyclanorbis Cycloderma †Drazinderetes Dogania †Gilmoremys †Hutchemys †Khunnuchelys Lissemys Nilssonia Palea †Palaeoamyda Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx
	†Basilochelys †Sinaspideretes

Chelydridae	Chelydra †Chelydrops †Chelydropsis †Emarginachelys †Macrocephalochelys Macrochelys †Planiplastron †Protochelydra
†Nanhsiungchelyidae	†Anomalochelys †Basilemys †Jiangxichelys
†Protostegidae	†Alienochelys †Archelon †Atlantochelys †Bouliachelys †Calcarichelys †Cratochelone †Desmatochelys †Iserosaurus †Notochelone †Ocepechelon †Pneumatoarthrus †Protostega †Rhinochelys †Santanachelys †Terlinguachelys
	†Adocus †Argillochelys †Bashuchelys †Ctenochelys †Prionochelys †Toxochelys

Pleurodira

†Araripemydidae	†Araripemys
†Bothremydidae	†Araiochelys †Arenila †Azabbaremys †Bothremys †Cearachelys †Chedighaii †Chupacabrachelys †Eotaphrosphys †Foxemys †Galianemys †Ilatardia †Inaechelys †Itapecuruemys †Jainemys †Kinkonychelys †Kurmademys †Labrostochelys †Nigeremys †Phosphatochelys †Polysternon †Puentemys †Rosasia †Rhothonemys †Sankuchemys †Taphrosphys †Ummulisani †Zolhafah
Chelidae	Acanthochelys Chelodina Chelus Elseya Elusor Emydura Hydromedusa †Lomalatachelys Mesoclemmys Myuchelys Phrynops Platemys †Prochelidella Pseudemydura Rheodytes Rhinemys †Yaminuechelys
Pelomedusidae	Pelomedusa Pelusios
Podocnemididae	†Albertwoodemys †Bauruemys †Brontochelys †Caninemys †Carbonemys †Cerrejonemys †Cordichelys Erymnochelys †Lapparentemys †Latentemys Peltocephalus Podocnemis †Stupendemys
†Sahonachelyidae	†Sahonachelys †Sokatra

	†Caribemys †Caririemys †Tacuarembemys

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onTurtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

See alsoList of Testudines families

Taxon identifiers
Chelonoidis donfaustoi	Wikidata:Q21179602 CoL:5Y2YX GBIF:8479820 iNaturalist:499951 ITIS:997299 IUCN:90377132 NCBI:1743023 Plazi:333D161C-2BA0-43D3-B84E-B0FBC859787D RD:donfaustoi ZooBank:333D161C-2BA0-43D3-B84E-B0FBC859787D

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chelonoidis_niger_donfaustoi&oldid=1313966801"

Categories:

Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭