Adoctor of both laws, from the Latindoctor utriusque juris,juris utriusque doctor, ordoctor juris utriusque ("doctor of both laws") (abbreviations include: JUD, IUD, DUJ, JUDr., DUI, DJU, Dr.iur.utr., Dr.jur.utr., DIU, UJD and UID), is ascholar who has acquired adoctorate in bothcivil andchurch law. The degree was common amongRoman Catholic and German scholars[1] of the Middle Ages and early modern times. Today the degree is awarded by thePontifical Lateran University after a period of six years of study, by theUniversity of Würzburg, and by theUniversity of Fribourg, as well as theUniversity of Cologne.[2]
Between approximately the twelfth through the eighteenth centuries, European students of law mastered theIus commune, a pan-European legal system that held sway during that span. It was composed of canon (church) law and Roman and feudal (civil) law, resulting in the degree of "Doctor of both laws".[3] or of "Licentiatus of both laws".
Stephan Kuttner, Professor, Catholic University of America, Yale University, and University of California at Berkeley, founder of the Stephan Kuttner Institute of Medieval Canon Law
^Gottfried Leibniz held the degree. Armgardt, Matthias.Leibniz as a legal scholar. Fundamina (Pretoria) vol.20 n.1 Pretoria Jan. 2014. Accessed 7 May 2016.
