Dmitriy Manuilsky | |
|---|---|
Дмитро Мануїльський | |
 | |
| First Secretary of theCommunist Party of Ukraine | |
| In office 15 December 1921 – 10 April 1923 | |
| Preceded by | Feliks Kon (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Emanuel Kviring |
| Permanent Representatative of the Ukrainian SSR to the United Nations | |
| In office 1945–1952 | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Anatoliy Baranovsky |
| Full member of the12th,13th,14th,15th,16th,17th,18th Central Committee | |
| In office 25 April 1923 – 16 October 1952 | |
| Candidate member of the11th Central Committee | |
| In office 2 April 1922 – 25 April 1923 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1883-10-03)3 October 1883 Sviatets [uk],Russian Empire(now Ukraine) |
| Died | 22 February 1959(1959-02-22) (aged 75) Kiev,Ukrainian SSR,Soviet Union(now Ukraine) |
| Resting place | Baikove Cemetery |
| Political party | RSDLP (Bolsheviks)(1904–1918) Russian Communist Party (1918–1954) |
| Alma mater | University of Paris |
| Awards | (×3)  |
Dmitriy Zakharovich Manuilsky orDmytro Zakharovych Manuilsky (Russian:Дми́трий Заха́рович Мануи́льский;Ukrainian:Дмитро Захарович Мануїльський; 3 October 1883 – 22 February 1959) was an importantBolshevik revolutionary,Soviet politician and academic who was Secretary of theExecutive Committee ofComintern, the Communist International, from December 1926 to its dissolution in May 1943.
Manuilsky was born to a peasant family of anOrthodox priest in the village ofSviatets [uk]. After secondary school, he enrolled at theUniversity of St. Petersburg in 1903, and joined the Bolshevik faction of theRussian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1904.[1] During the1905 revolution he was assigned by the Bolsheviks to the naval base inKronstadt where he took part in the naval revolt in July. Arrested, he was held in Kronstadt prison in 1905–06, then exiled, but escaped, arriving in Kiev and then, in 1907, to Paris. There he aligned with theultra-left group led byAlexander Bogdanov, who challengedLenin for the leadership of the Bolsheviks, and worked on the newspaperVpered (Forward). After the outbreak of war in 1914, he worked on the newspaperNashe Slovo and acted as the main contact between the Bolsheviks and the smaller group associated withLeon Trotsky. After his return to Russia in May 1917, he joined Trotsky's group, theMezhraiontsy, who amalgamated with the Bolsheviks in August 1917.
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During theRussian Civil War, Manuilsky worked in thePeople's Commissariat for Food, before being sent to Ukraine, where Lenin assigned him the task of organising the peasant population around Kharkiv to defeat theWhite Army ofAnton Denikin. In January 1919, he andInessa Armand were sent to Paris, in the hope they could stoke a revolution in France, but he was arrested and deported. He was People's Commissar for Food in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1920 to 1921, then switched to journalism, and from 1922 was working for the Comintern.
From 1923 to 1952 he was a member of theCentral Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, as well as a member of the elite inner circle known as the "malaia comisiia", a five-member group that ruled the eleven-member Political Secretariat.[2] In 1926, he supplantedNikolai Bukharin as leader of the Soviet Union delegation on Comintern's executive, and the lead representative at congresses of the French, German, and Czechoslovak communist parties.[3]
From 1935 until the dissolution of Comintern in 1943, he acted as deputy to its General Secretary,Georgi Dimitrov. Between 1944 and 1952, he held the largely meaningless post of Foreign Minister of Ukraine. From 1952 to 1953, he was Ukrainian ambassador to the United Nations.
During theGreat Purge, almost everyOld Bolshevik with a past link with Trotsky was killed or imprisoned, except Manuilsky, whomStalin despised but by whom he did not feel in any way threatened. In 1939, he told Dimitrov: "Manuilsky is a toady! He was a Trotskyite! We criticised him for keeping quiet and not speaking out when the purges of Trotskyite bandits were going on, and now he has started toadying!"[4] The Montenegrin communistMilovan Djilas, who met Manuilsky in 1944, admired his learning and writing talent, but remembered him as "a slight and already hunched veteran, dark-haired, with a clipped moustache [who] spoke with a lisp, almost gently and – what astonished me at the time – without much energy." Seeing him again five years later, Djilas thought him an "almost senile, little old man who was rapidly disappearing as he slid down the steep ladder of the Soviet hierarchy."[5]
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| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | President of the United Nations Security Council July 1949 July 1948 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR 1944–1952 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by ? | People's Commissar of Land Cultivation (Ukraine) 1920–1921 | Succeeded by ? |
| Preceded by ? | All-Ukrainian Revolutionary Committee 1919–1920 | Succeeded by ? |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Feliks Kon(acting) | 1st Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine 1921–1923 | Succeeded by |
