Djuanda Kartawidjaja | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Official portrait, 1959 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11th Prime Minister of Indonesia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 9 April 1957 – 9 July 1959 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President | Sukarno | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deputy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Ali Sastroamidjojo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | (1911-01-14)14 January 1911 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 7 November 1963(1963-11-07) (aged 52) Jakarta, Indonesia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Party | Independent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Parents |
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| Relatives | Awaloedin Djamin (son in law) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alma mater | Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng (Ir.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupation |
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RadenDjuanda Kartawidjaja (EYD:Juanda Kartawijaya; 14 January 1911 – 7 November 1963), was an Indonesian politician and technocrat who held various ministerial offices during the presidency ofSukarno, most notably asprime minister from 1957 to 1959, and first minister from 1959 until his death in 1963.
Born into anoble ethnicSundanese family, he graduated in engineering at theTechnische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng inBandung. He then worked as a teacher and later an engineer. Following theproclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945, he joined the newly formed Republican government and served in several cabinets, mostly in economic portfolios. In 1957, Djuanda was appointed prime minister by Sukarno following the inability of the parties to form a cabinet. As prime minister, he is remembered for his role in proclaiming theDjuanda Declaration [id]. In 1959, Sukarnoappointed himself prime minister but retained Djuanda as first minister with much the same duties as before. He died in 1963.
Djuanda's death and the abolition of the post of Prime Minister in the Indonesian Republican system allowed far greater power to be exercised by the President, now being given full ruling power with minimal oversight, as both Head of State and Head of Government. This had an enormous impact on Indonesian politics, allowing the constitutional legality of theautocracy ofSukarno andSuharto, also contributing to the absence of an economic policy in the later years of Sukarno'sGuided Democracy.
Since his death, various landmarks have been named in his honor, includingJuanda International Airport inSurabaya, andJuanda railway station inJakarta. He is also depicted in 2016 and 2022 edition of the Rp 50,000Indonesian rupiah banknotes.
Djuanda Kartawidjaja was born on 14 January 1911, inTasikmalaya,Preanger Regencies Residency,Dutch East Indies (nowTasikmalaya Regency,Indonesia). His family was of ethnicSundanesenoble descent. His father, Raden Kartawidjaja, was a young teacher, while his mother, Nyi Monat, was a housewife. He also has 3 brothers and 2 sisters.[1][2] In his childhood, Djuanda Kartawidjaja went to elementary school at theHogere Burger School (HBS). Then he transferred to theEuropesche Lagere School (ELS). After that, he continued to theTechnische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng (now theBandung Institute of Technology), majoring incivil engineering. While a student, he was also active in non-political organizations such as thePaguyuban Pasundan andMuhammadiyah organizations. He graduated from the Bandung Institute of Technology in 1933.[2][3]
He became a teacher at aMuhammadiyah Islamic School inBatavia (nowJakarta), eventually becoming the principal of the school. In 1937, he became an engineer in theWest Java Water Conservancy Bureau. In 1939, he became a senior advisor to the bureau. In addition, he also actively participated in the work of the Batavia Municipal Council.[1] In 1942, theJapanese Empire invaded andoccupied theDutch East Indies. The Japanese changed Batavia to its current name Jakarta. In the same year, Juanda participated in the Jakarta City Council election but was not elected.[4][5]
In 1943, the Japanese appointed Indonesian advisors (sanyo) to the administration and appointed nationalist leaderSukarno leader of a new Central Advisory Board (Chuo Sani-kai) inJakarta. On 7 August, the day after theatomic bombing of Hiroshima, thePreparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (Indonesian:Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia) or PPKI was established. Sukarno was chairman, andMohammad Hatta as vice chairman. On 19 August 1945, this body created 12 ministries for Indonesia's first cabinet, thePresidential Cabinet.
Djuanda was known as the "marathon minister." In thefirst 16 cabinets of Indonesia, he has been in the cabinet 12 times, mainly serving asMinister of Transport orMinister of Economy. He joined Prime MinisterSutan Sjahrir ’ssecond cabinet (formed in March 1946) as a junior minister of theMinistry of Communications. In thethird cabinet of Sjahrir, he joined the cabinet again and was promoted to minister of transportation.[6] Apart from being the Minister of Transportation, he also held other strategic positions, including the Minister of Water, Prosperity, Finance and Defense.
He was also trusted to lead Dutch negotiations, one of which was negotiations at theRound Table Conference. During the conference, Djuanda was sent to be the Chair of the Economic and Finance Committee for the Indonesian Delegation. In the negotiations, theNetherlands officially recognized the independence of the Indonesian government.
Djuanda was also entrusted to lead the Japanese Railways Bureau. This was followed by the takeover of the Mining Bureau, Municipality, Residency and military objects in North Bandung Warehouse. After carrying out this task, he was appointed Head of the Railway Bureau for theJava andMadura regions.
TheDjuanda Declaration [id] was formulated on 13 December 1957 by Djuanda. This declaration stated to the world that the Indonesian seas included the seas around, between, and within the Indonesian archipelago into one unitary territory of the Republic of Indonesia, which would later be known as anarchipelagic state in theUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
The content of the Djuanda Declaration states:
The Djuanda Declaration has these purposes:
This declaration became the legal basis for the drafting of a law that replaced theTeritoriale Zeeën en Maritieme Kringen Ordonantie 1939.
On the afternoon of 6 November 1963, Djuanda went to a hotel in Jakarta, accompanied by his wife and daughter, to participate in a ceremony. He collapsed suddenly at 11:25 p.m., and hispulse stopped 20 minutes later. His personal doctor rushed to the scene and gave himartificial respiration, but it was unsuccessful. On 7 November, the Indonesian government announced that Djuanda had died of aheart attack. After his death, Djuanda was appointed a national figure based on the Presidential Decree No. 224/1963.
TheJuanda International Airport, located inSurabaya, is named after him, who suggested development for the airport.Juanda railway station inJakarta got its name from the nearby road, which is also named after him. He is also depicted in the 2016 and 2022 edition of Rp 50,000Indonesian rupiah banknotes.[7]
Malaya: Honorary Grand Commander of theOrder of the Defender of the Realm (SMN) (K) –Tun (1959)[8]{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by | Prime Minister of Indonesia 9 April 1957 – 9 July 1959 | Succeeded by |
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