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Djedkheperew

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Egyptian pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty

Djedkheperew

Djedkheperu

TheBed of Osiris, from the tomb of Djer, and inscribed with the name of Djedkheperew.

Pharaoh

Reign

2 years, 1772–1770 BC (Ryholt), a few months (Baker), 7 months c. 1760 BC (Verner), c. 1732 BC (Schneider)

Predecessor

Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw

Successor

Sedjefakare orSebkay

Royal titulary

Horus name

Djedkheperew
Ḏd-ḫprw
Enduring of manifestations

Nebty name

Djedmesu
Ḏd-msw
Enduring of births

Golden Horus

Biknebu Aa[...]
Bik-nbw-ˁ3...
The golden falcon, great ...

Praenomen

...kare
...k3-Rˁ
...Ka ofRa

Father

possiblyHor^[1]

Mother

possiblyNubhotepti I^[1]

Dynasty

13th Dynasty

Djedkheperew (also known asDjedkheperu) was an Egyptianpharaoh of the13th Dynasty reigning for an estimated two-year period, from c. 1772 BC until 1770 BC.^[1]^[2] According to EgyptologistsKim Ryholt and Darrell Baker, Djedkheperew was the 17th king of this dynasty.^[1]^[2] Djedkheperew is this pharaoh'sHorus name; theprenomen andnomen of Djedkheperew, which would normally be employed by modern conventions to name a pharaoh, are unknown.

Attestations

[edit]

Contemporary attestations

The reign of Djedkheperew is supported by eleven seal impressions from Egyptian fortresses at thesecond cataract inNubia. Ten of these seal impressions were found atUronarti in close association with seal impressions ofSekhemrekhutawy Khabaw andMaaibre Sheshi.^[3] The last one was discovered inMirgissa.^[2]

Besides the seal impressions, Djedkheperew is authenticated by theBed of Osiris, a massive sculpture of blackbasalt showing Osiris lying on a bier. TheBed of Osiris was found in the tomb of the1st Dynasty pharaohDjer, which the ancient Egyptians had come to identify with the tomb ofOsiris.^[2] The sculpture is now in theEgyptian Museum. The sculpture was tentatively attributed to another 13th Dynasty pharaoh,Khendjer, by Leahy, but recent examinations of the inscriptions proved that it originally bore the name of Djedkheperew. The nomen of Djedkheperew was erased at some point in antiquity, but carelessly enough that some of it is still readable.^[1]

On the Turin canon

Djedkheperew is not mentioned on theTurin canon, a king list compiled in the earlyRamesside period, which serves as a reference document for the history of the Second Intermediate Period. Ryholt argues that this is because Djedkheperew's reign (as well as that of his predecessor, Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw and immediate successor(s)Sebkay, all absent from the canon) was already lost in a lacuna of the document from which the canon was copied.^[1] That this must be true is indicated by artifacts showing that Khabaw succeeded Hor on the throne and Sebkay as a predecessor(s) ofAmenemhat VII, when the canon lists Amenemhat VII directly as Hor's successor (column 7, lines 17 and 18).^[1]

Family and reign

[edit]

According to Ryholt, Djedkheperew was a brother of his predecessor Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw and a son of pharaohHor Awibre. Ryholt based his conclusion on the seals from Uronarti and theBed of Osiris. The seals show that Khabaw and Djedkheperew reigned closely in time, while what remains of the name of Djedkheperew on theBed of Osiris shows that his nomen started withhrw. This suggests that Djedkheperew's nomen indicated hisfiliation toHor. Since Khabaw is known to have succeeded Hor, Ryholt deduced that Djedkheperew was Khabaw's brother and successor.^[1]

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^hRyholt, K.S.B.,The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period,Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications,20. Copenhagen:Museum Tusculanum Press, (1997),excerpts available online.
^^a ^b ^c ^dBaker, Darrell D.:The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, Stacey International,ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, pp. 86-87.
^Kim Ryholt:The Date of Kings Sheshi and Yaqubhar and the Rise of the Fourteenth Dynasty, inThe Second Intermediate Period (Thirteenth-Seventeenth Dynasties), Current Research, Future Prospects, Marcel Maree ed., Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 192, Leuven, Peeters, (2010) pp. 109–126.ISBN 978-90-429-2228-0.

Preceded by

Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw

Pharaoh of Egypt
Thirteenth Dynasty

Succeeded by

Sebkay

Pharaohs

Protodynastic toFirst Intermediate Period (<3150–2040 BC)

Period

Dynasty	Pharaohs male female^♀ uncertain

Protodynastic
(pre-3150 BC)

Lower	Hedju Hor Ny-Hor Ni-Neith Hat-Hor Pu Hsekiu Khayu Tiu Thesh Neheb Wazner Mekh Double Falcon Wash
Upper	A Finger Snail Fish Elephant Stork Bull Scorpion I Crocodile Iry-Hor Ka Scorpion II Narmer /Menes

Early Dynastic
(3150–2686 BC)

I	Narmer /Menes Hor-Aha Djer Djet Den Anedjib Semerkhet Qa'a Sneferka Horus Bird
II	Hotepsekhemwy Nebra Nynetjer Ba Nubnefer Horus Sa Weneg-Nebty Wadjenes Senedj Seth-Peribsen Sekhemib-Perenmaat Neferkara I Neferkasokar Hudjefa I Khasekhemwy

Old Kingdom
(2686–2181 BC)

III	Djoser Sekhemkhet Sanakht Nebka Khaba Sedjes Qahedjet Huni
IV	Snefru Khufu Djedefre Khafre Bikheris Menkaure Shepseskaf Thamphthis
V	Userkaf Sahure Neferirkare Kakai Neferefre Shepseskare Nyuserre Ini Menkauhor Kaiu Djedkare Isesi Unas
VI	Teti Userkare Pepi I Merenre Nemtyemsaf I Pepi II Merenre Nemtyemsaf II Netjerkare Siptah Neferka Nefer

1^st Intermediate
(2181–2040 BC)

VII/VIII	Menkare Neferkare II Neferkare III Neby Djedkare Shemai Neferkare IV Khendu Merenhor Neferkamin Nikare Neferkare V Tereru Neferkahor Neferkare VI Pepiseneb Neferkamin Anu Qakare Iby Neferkaure Neferkauhor Neferirkare Wadjkare Khuiqer Khui Iytjenu
IX	Meryibre Khety Neferkare VII Nebkaure Khety Setut Imhotep
X	Meryhathor Neferkare VIII Wahkare Khety Merykare

Middle Kingdom andSecond Intermediate Period (2040–1550 BC)

Period

Dynasty	Pharaohs male female^♀ uncertain

Middle Kingdom
(2040–1802 BC)

XI	Mentuhotep I Intef I Intef II Intef III Mentuhotep II Mentuhotep III Mentuhotep IV
Nubia	Segerseni Qakare Ini Iyibkhentre
XII	Amenemhat I Senusret I Amenemhat II Senusret II Senusret III Amenemhat III Amenemhat IV Sobekneferu^♀ Seankhibtawy Seankhibra

2^nd Intermediate
(1802–1550 BC)

XIII	Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep Sonbef Nerikare Sekhemkare Amenemhat V Ameny Qemau Hotepibre Iufni Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI Semenkare Nebnuni Sehetepibre Sewadjkare Nedjemibre Khaankhre Sobekhotep Renseneb Hor Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw Djedkheperew Sebkay Sedjefakare Wegaf Khendjer Imyremeshaw Sehetepkare Intef Seth Meribre Sobekhotep III Neferhotep I Sihathor Sobekhotep IV Merhotepre Sobekhotep Khahotepre Sobekhotep Wahibre Ibiau Merneferre Ay Merhotepre Ini Sankhenre Sewadjtu Mersekhemre Ined Sewadjkare Hori Merkawre Sobekhotep Mershepsesre Ini II Sewahenre Senebmiu Merkheperre Merkare Sewadjare Mentuhotep Seheqenre Sankhptahi
XIV	Yakbim Sekhaenre Ya'ammu Nubwoserre Qareh Khawoserre 'Ammu Ahotepre Maaibre Sheshi Nehesy Khakherewre Nebefawre Sehebre Merdjefare Sewadjkare III Nebdjefare Nebsenre Sekheperenre Bebnum 'Apepi Nuya Wazad Sheneh Shenshek Khamure Yakareb Yaqub-Har
XV	Sharek Semqen 'Aper-'Anati Salitis Sakir-Har Khyan Yanassi Apepi Khamudi
XVI	Djehuti Sobekhotep VIII Neferhotep III Mentuhotepi Nebiryraw I Nebiriau II Semenre Bebiankh Sekhemre Shedwast Dedumose I Dedumose II Montuemsaf Merankhre Mentuhotep Senusret IV Seneferankhre
Abydos	Senebkay Wepwawetemsaf Pantjeny Snaaib
XVII	Rahotep Nebmaatre Sobekemsaf I Sobekemsaf II Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef Nubkheperre Intef Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef Senakhtenre Ahmose Seqenenre Tao Kamose

New Kingdom andThird Intermediate Period (1550–664 BC)

Period

Dynasty	Pharaohs (male female^♀) uncertain

New Kingdom
(1550–1070 BC)

XVIII	Ahmose I Amenhotep I Thutmose I Thutmose II Hatshepsut^♀ Thutmose III Amenhotep II Thutmose IV Amenhotep III Akhenaten Smenkhkare Neferneferuaten^♀ Tutankhamun Ay Horemheb
XIX	Ramesses I Seti I Ramesses II Merneptah Amenmesses Seti II Siptah Tausret^♀
XX	Setnakhte Ramesses III Ramesses IV Ramesses V Ramesses VI Ramesses VII Ramesses VIII Ramesses IX Ramesses X Ramesses XI Ramesses XII

3^rd Intermediate
(1069–664 BC)

XXI	Smendes Amenemnisu Psusennes I Amenemope Osorkon the Elder Siamun Psusennes II
High Priests of Amun	Herihor Pinedjem I Menkheperre
XXII	Shoshenq I Osorkon I Heqakheperre Shoshenq IIa Tutkheperre Shoshenq IIb Maatkheperre Shoshenq IIc Takelot I Osorkon II Shoshenq III Shoshenq IV Pami I Shoshenq V
Lines of XXII/XXIII	Harsiese Takelot II Pedubast I Iuput I Shoshenq VI Osorkon III Takelot III Rudamun Shoshenq VII Menkheperre Ini Iuput II of Leontopolis Peftjauawybast of Herakleopolis Nimlot I of Hermopolis Djehutyemhat of Hermopolis Nimlot II of Hermopolis Padinemti of Hermopolis
XXIII	Pedubast II Osorkon IV Pami II Gemenefkhonsbak Pedubast III
XXIV	Tefnakht Bakenranef
XXV	Piye Shebitku Shabaka Taharqa Tanutamun

Late toRoman Period(664 BC–313 AD)

Period

Dynasty	Pharaohs male female^♀ uncertain

Late
(664–332 BC)

XXVI	Ammeris Tefnakht II Nekauba Necho I Psamtik I Necho II Psamtik II Wahibre Ahmose II Psamtik III
XXVII	Cambyses II Petubastis III Darius I Psammetichus IV Xerxes Artaxerxes I Darius II
XXVIII	Amyrtaeus
XXIX	Nepherites I Hakor Psammuthes Nepherites II Muthis
XXX	Nectanebo I Teos Nectanebo II
XXXI	Artaxerxes III Khabash Arses Darius III