Dissidia Final Fantasy
North American box art featuring the protagonists from the first tenFinal Fantasy games.
Developer	Square Enix
Publisher	Square Enix
Director	Takeshi Arakawa
Producer	Yoshinori Kitase
Designer	Mitsunori Takahashi
Programmer	Ryuji Ikeda
Artist	Takayuki Odachi
Writers	Daisuke Watanabe Harunori Sakemi Motomu Toriyama
Composer	Takeharu Ishimoto
Series	Final Fantasy
Platform	PlayStation Portable
Release	JP: December 18, 2008 NA: August 25, 2009[1] AU: September 3, 2009[2] EU: September 4, 2009[3] Universal Tuning JP: November 1, 2009
Genres	Fighting,action role-playing
Modes	Single-player,multiplayer

Dissidia Final Fantasy^[a] is a 2008fighting game developed and published bySquare Enix for thePlayStation Portable as part of the campaign for theFinal Fantasy series's 20th anniversary. It was released in Japan on December 18, 2008, in North America on August 25, 2009, and in Australia and Europe in September. It was then re-released in Japan, based on the North American version, asDissidia Final Fantasy: Universal Tuning, on November 1, 2009.

The game features characters from differentFinal Fantasy games and centers on a great conflict between Cosmos, the goddess of harmony, and Chaos, the god of discord. The two summon multiple warriors to fight for their sides in their thirteenth war. During the story, the player controls the ten warriors chosen by Cosmos, the protagonists from the first tenFinal Fantasy games, in their journey. The game's English and international versions give access to other features such as an arcade mode.

Dissidia originated fromKingdom Hearts directorNomura Tetsuya's desire to create a spin-off for the franchise but then changed to theFinal Fantasy series. Besides designing the characters, Nomura worked with the Square staff with the desire to make it appealing to Western players.Dissidia was well-received commercially and critically, with positive reviews and sales of over 1.8 million.^[4] A follow-up titledDissidia 012 Final Fantasy was released in March 2011 and features several new characters and gameplay features.

Dissidia Final Fantasy's genre has been described as "dramatic progressive action" and its graphics are in3D. It has wireless one-on-one multiplayer and fights revolving around the use of individual special skills of characters to do damage to opponents. Players can customize their characters with equipment.^[5]

Character movement is fully functional within thethree-dimensional field map. Characters are able to perform special maneuvers using the environment. Traps with a variety of ill effects can be found throughout the arena. Characters' equipment can be customized, and they can gain EXP andgil from battles.^[6]

The aim is for the player to reduce their opponent's HP to zero. A character's offensive (and, to a lesser extent, defensive) power is shown in numerical form called BRV or "Bravery Points". Both characters start out with a set amount of BRV, and each must reduce their health to 0 by attacking them with a HP attack. Players can steal BRV from their opponent by attacking them with the basic "BRV attack" to add it to their own total and gain the upper hand. Players can then use the "HP attack" to cause direct damage to their opponent; HP damage is equal to the player's current amount of Bravery. However, once an HP attack is used, the character's own BRV is reduced to 0 and then slowly recovers to its starting amount. A character whose BRV total has been depleted (past 0 BRV and into the negatives) is forced into "Break mode", where, aside from not being able to cause HP and BRV damage (but being able to gain BRV), all attacks made against them cause critical damage and the opponent gets all of the BRV in the "Bravery Pool" (a number that can be seen at the bottom of the screen), massively boosting their BRV amount.^[6]

One main feature of the combat system is the "EX Gauge", which can be filled in a variety of ways, such as inflicting damage on opponents, taking damage from opponents, and obtaining EX cores scattered around the field of play. Once the EX Gauge is filled, the character can enter their "EX Mode", significantly increasing their power and enabling new attacks, including the "EX Burst", an unavoidable and very damaging special attack similar to the Limit Break mechanic seen in many games in the series. The player on the offense charges up the attack by following the on-screen instructions, while the player on the defense can reduce the amount of damage taken by continuously pressing the circle button. Once the EX Burst is executed, EX Mode ends.^[6]

In a gameplay mode exclusive to Western releases, the Arcade mode converts the game in a traditional fighting game, with all role-playing elements removed and characters' abilities being stripped down to the basics to balance the playing field. Within the Arcade Mode, there are three tiers: Normal, Hard, and Time Attack; beating any tier of the Arcade mode will reward the player with PP (player points) and special items that can be used in story mode. All characters, including villains, are playable in Arcade mode; for example, Golbez, Sephiroth, Kuja, and Jecht are available for use in this mode from the start, but they still need to be bought via the PP Catalog for use in other modes.^[7]

The story revolves around two gods: Cosmos,^[b] the goddess of harmony, and Chaos,^[c] the god of discord. The game unites both protagonists and antagonists from installments of the mainFinal Fantasy series, their stories narrated by the firstFinal Fantasy game'sCid of the Lufaine. Other than the gods and their champions, the player deals with crystal-like doppelgangers called Manikins. The game has an overarching storyline that requires playing through all of the characters to complete. The game contains twenty-two total playable characters: ten heroes and ten villains, one of each representingFinal Fantasy throughFinal Fantasy X, and two secret characters: a heroine representingFinal Fantasy XI, and a villain representingFinal Fantasy XII. Initially, only the ten main heroes are playable in all gameplay modes; the ten main villains are playable in Arcade mode, but must still be unlocked for access in all other gameplay modes.

The gods Cosmos and Chaos have been locked in eternal conflict with "World B", a mirror dimension to the realm of "World A" where the firstFinal Fantasy takes place, summoning several warriors from other worlds from the main series to battle in a never-ending cycle of death and rebirth until the balance is tipped in favor of Chaos.^[8] As the war seems to be nearing its end, the ten warriors of Cosmos band together to strike back at Chaos's minions and restore balance. Having lost much of her power in the previous cycle, Cosmos gives her ten warriors—Warrior of Light, Firion, Onion Knight, Cecil, Bartz, Terra, Cloud, Squall, Zidane, and Tidus—the task of retrieving the ten crystals that will help them defeat Chaos.^[9] They each set out on a journey called a "Destiny Odyssey", where their respective stories are told and interlink with one another.^[10] During their travels the heroes encounter their villains, defeating them through epiphanies about themselves that help them obtain their crystals.

Following the "Destiny Odysseys" is the "Shade Impulse", where all ten warriors have their crystals but arrive too late to save Cosmos, who is killed by Chaos. The heroes begin to fade away but are saved by the power of the crystals, allowing them to use what time they have left to strike back against the villains and defeat Chaos.^[11][12] In the end, the other warriors leave World A for their respective worlds, the Warrior of Light embarks on another adventure, and Cosmos revives to reign over World B.^[13]

The game features two other storylines with "Distant Glory", where Shanttoto and Gabranth are introduced to the player in two different areas where they are trapped and have to find a way out.^[14][15] The other story mode, "Inward Chaos", serves as an alternate scenario in which Chaos has never been defeated and the player is guided by an entity known as Shinryu to defeat Chaos.^[16]

Dissidia Final Fantasy was originally envisioned by creative producerTetsuya Nomura as aKingdom Hearts spin-off featuring a cast of Disney characters while the Square Enix staff were developingKingdom Hearts II.^[17] Nomura later felt uncomfortable with the Disney characters fighting each other and instead opted to useFinal Fantasy characters, although the original idea eventually gave rise to the development ofKingdom Hearts 358/2 Days, with the game's multiplayer mode inspired byDissidia's gameplay.^[18] The game was made in commemoration of the franchise's 20th anniversary and despite being handled by young employees, Nomura noticed there was no pressure, having assisted them in the designing various areas from the gameplay.^[19] The game was directed by Takeshi Arakawa whom Nomura noted that his experience in a previous Square Enix game,The World Ends With You, had a good effect in the game.^[19] To have their desired way of fighting, the team chose the PlayStation Portable console. There were plans for online play but the console's capacities made them unable to add such a feature.^[20] Developing the game took three years due with the battle system requiring two years and the RPG mode one.^[17]

Deciding theFinal Fantasy heroes was easy for the staff except for Terra Branford. While her game,Final Fantasy VI, features multiple characters that would fit the role of the main character, Terra was chosen in the end so that there would be a female fighter on Cosmos' side. For villains, they decided to include warriors who had a strong rivalry with the heroes rather than automatically choosing the games' final bosses. This resulted in the inclusion of non-final bosses such asFinal Fantasy IV's Golbez,IX's Kuja andX's Jecht who were connected with their games' leads (Cecil Harvey, Zidane Tribal and Tidus, respectively). Shantotto fromXI was used based on her popularity, while Gabranth was used to representXII inBalthier's place as the latter had already been featured inFinal Fantasy Tactics: War of the Lions and Square wanted his inclusion to surprise gamers. Other characters meant to have been featured wereFinal Fantasy IV's Kain Highwind andXIII'sLightning.^[19]

Nomura was responsible for thecharacter designs, which changed much of the look and style ofYoshitaka Amano's illustrations.^[21][22] Working in theFinal Fantasy andFinal Fantasy IX designs brought no difficulties since in for the former game, Nomura based his designs on Amano's illustrations while he had already been involved in handling his illustrations in the latter. On the other hand, Nomura had difficulties making Onion Knight as it ended being too cartoony and requested advice from Amano.^[19] Nomura's own original illustrations were also redesigned forDissidia; Nomura commented to the Japanese gaming magazineFamitsu that Tidus was designed to look younger than he was inFinal Fantasy X to "match the design touch of the rest of theDissidia" cast.^[23]

Square Enix filed for United States trademark registration of "Dissidia" in April 2007; the mark's relation toFinal Fantasy was omitted.^[24] The title was connected withFinal Fantasy when Square Enix introducedDissidia Final Fantasy on May 8 with an official Japanese website.

TheDissidia Final Fantasy Original Soundtrack by Takeharu Ishimoto was released on December 24, 2008,^[25] and is available in both regular and special editions, similar to the game itself. Most tracks are often remixes done by Ishimoto of pastFinal Fantasy music originally composed byNobuo Uematsu.^[1]

The main theme of the game is "The Messenger" byYour Favorite Enemies. The tracks "Cosmos" and "Chaos - Last Battle 1" are also performed by Your Favorite Enemies. "The Messenger" is the main theme song of the game, with lyrics from both "Cosmos" and "Chaos - Last Battle 1". "Cosmos" features female vocals, while "Chaos" is dominated by male vocals. In YFE's documentary on the conception of the songs forDissidia, lyricist-vocalist Alex Foster admitted that the lyrics have no direct connection to themes of the game; rather, he left it up to the listeners to interpret the lyrics based on their thoughts and ideas.^[26]

Track list

For the westernlocalization, the Square Enix staff used analysis from their subsidiary companies in London and Los Angeles to readjust the game for Western audiences.^[27] The release date for the western world was revealed to be August 25, 2009 (starting in North America), in addition a number of small changes, including re-adjustments in gameplay, new gameplay events, an arcade gameplay mode, a shortened tutorial, new moves for playable characters, and extra cutscenes featuring cameos from several other characters from the main characters' original games that do not appear in the Japanese version.^[28] Director Takeshi Arakawa referred to the Western version as a more action-based game than the original Japanese version which was more RPG-based.^[17]

For theDissidia Final Fantasy US release, Gamestop released the game with two additional covers for anyone who reserved it before it came out.^[29] An international version of the game, namedDissidia Final Fantasy: Universal Tuning,^[d] is a direct port of the North American version of the game, retaining all the extra features added, and was released in Japan on November 1, 2009. Both English and Japanese voices are available in battle, with the player deciding which language the characters will speak.^[30]

Dissidia Final Fantasy-themed PSP bundle, which included a "Mystic Silver" PSP system, a copy ofDissidia Final Fantasy, a 2GB memory stick, and a copy ofFinal Fantasy VII: Advent Children was also released on August 25 the same year.^[31]

Studio BentStuff published theDissidia Final Fantasy Ultimania α as the initial reference guide for the game. Released on December 4, 2008, this book became part of the Ultimania series, which includes theKingdom Hearts Ultimania α.^[32]Suntory Ltd. also collaborated with Square Enix to create the "Dissidia Final Fantasy Potion" drinks which were released on December 9 in Japan to promote the game's release.

Square Enix released a line of Trading Arts figures in early 2009 with Series 1 containing Cloud Strife, Squall Leonhart, Zidane Tribal, Tidus, and the Warrior of Light.^[33] A second series was later released featuring Sephiroth, Terra, Bartz, Firion, and Cecil.^[34]

Dissidia sold well according to Takeshi Arakawa, despite concerns about piracy.^[44] As of August 2009,Dissidia Final Fantasy has sold 910,000 copies in Japan, making it the fourth best-selling game for the PSP in Japan.^[45][46] It was the 12th best-selling game in Japan in 2008, selling 660,262 copies.^[47] In the United States,Dissidia debuted as the 7th top-selling software of the August 2009 charts with 130,000 copies, despite only four days of availability.^[48] Figures from theNPD Group listDissidia Final Fantasy as the best-selling PSP game of 2009.^[49]

Dissidia was well received by the Japanese gaming magazineFamitsu with individual scores of 9/9/10/8, earning the game a place in its "Best Picks of This Week" feature as well as its "Platinum Hall of Fame". The game's battle system was described as fast-paced and exhilarating, with simple controls capable of producing battles like those found inFinal Fantasy VII: Advent Children, though it was noted that the action can become difficult to follow when things got hectic and that some of the more technical aspects of the game can be hard to grasp. The game was also praised for its story and cutscenes, with one reviewer noting that the history was "exacting".^[37]

The game also enjoyed positive reviews by American critics.1UP.com andGameSpot praised the fighting system and visuals, with the latter commenting on the mix of RPG and action gameplay. The story received mixed reactions, asGameSpot said that it would only interest fans of the franchise, while1UP.com enjoyed its references to previous games.^[36][40] RandomNPC called the game "one of the few must-have games for the PSP".^[50]Game Informer was critical, claiming that the story and gameplay were too similar to pastFinal Fantasy titles and would turn off new players.^[38]

In the Best of E3 2009,Dissidia was awarded "Best Fighting Game" by IGN.^[51]Dissidia also received awards fromFamitsu and in theJapan Game Awards 2008.^[52][53] In 2010, the game was included as one of the titles in the book1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die.^[54]

Following the game's positive reception by gamers in Japan that surpassed Nomura's expectations, he already had in mind several new ideas for a sequel and wished to feature Kain in it.^[19] Yoshinori Kitase stated that the fight between Cloud and Sephiroth from the filmAdvent Children was popular enough to make Japanese gamers do a remake of it for the crossoverDissidia Final Fantasy and expected Western fans to also emulate it.^[55]

A follow up toDissidia titledDissidia 012 Final Fantasy was released in March 2011 for the PlayStation Portable. SinceDissidia had a concrete ending, the team decided to make the story as a prequel.^[56] Tetsuya Nomura said that there would be no moreDissidia games followingDissidia 012 although the series may continue "in another form" since the team already believed they did enough with the fighting genre.^[57] The main story ofDissidia also served as a basis for the 2012rhythm gameTheatrhythm Final Fantasy for theNintendo 3DS, which also uses multiple characters from theFinal Fantasy series.^[58] In 2013, Ichiro Hazama said that he and much of the team intended to make a thirdDissidia title, but did not mention possible platforms.^[59] Two years later, a new title,Dissidia Final Fantasy NT, was released for arcades in Japan, and later forPlayStation 4 andWindows. Unlike the previousDissidia titles, this game features 3v3 combat, as well as adding new playable characters such asY'shtola andRamza Beoulve.^[60] A freemium mobile spin-off titledDissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia was released in February 2017 for Japan, and January 2018 for international territories respectively.^[61][62] Another mobile title,Dissidia Duellum Final Fantasy, is set to be released in 2026.^[63]

Stranger of Paradise: Final Fantasy Origin, an alternate universe prequel to the firstFinal Fantasy, makes several allusions to theDissidia franchise especially during its final DLC episodeDifferent Future. For instance, manikins, the common enemies featured inDissidia's story mode, are featured as a game and plot element in the DLC episode.^[64]

Translation

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