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Direct-administered municipality

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Highest level of classification for cities in China

For the four direct-administered municipalities, seeBeijing,Chongqing,Shanghai, andTianjin.

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Municipality 直辖市 Zhíxiáshì

Number	4 (Beijing,Chongqing,Shanghai, andTianjin)

Adirect-administered municipality (直辖市;Zhíxiáshì;lit. 'direct-administered city'), commonly known asmunicipality,[1] is a provincial-level administrative division in China. The municipalities are directly affiliated to thecentral government of China. Although acity by name, a Chinese municipality is more than a city in a traditional sense. It is equivalent to aprovince as it usually composed of a central urban area and a number of much larger surrounding suburban and rural areas. There are four such municipalities in China:Beijing,Chongqing,Shanghai, andTianjin.

Administrative divisions of China
Province-level (1st) Municipalities Provinces Autonomous regions Special administrative regions
Sub-provincial level Sub-provincial cities Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Sub-provincial city districts
Prefecture-level (2nd) Prefectural cities Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures (abolishing) Autonomous prefectures
Sub-prefectural-level Sub-prefectural cities Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Provincial-controlled districts
County level (3rd) Counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts (obsolete)
Analogous county level units Management areas Management committee
Township level (4th) Townships Ethnic townships Towns Ethnic towns Subdistricts Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city (pilot)
Analogous township level units Management areas Management committee Areas Farms area (Overseas Chinese Farm Region [zh]),Prison area,University towns, etc.
Village level (5th) (Grassroots Autonomous Organizations) Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Residential Committees
Others Regions Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National central cities Special Economic Zones
History:before 1912,1912–49,1949–present Administrative division codes
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History

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During theRepublic of China, the first municipalities were the 11 cities ofNanjing,Shanghai,Beijing,Tianjin,Qingdao,Chongqing,Xi'an,Guangzhou,Hankou (now part ofWuhan),Shenyang, andHarbin. They were established in 1927 soon after they were designated as "cities" during the 1920s. Nominally,Dalian was a municipality as well, although it wasunder Japanese control. These cities were first calledspecial municipalities/cities (特别市;tèbiéshì), but were later renamedYuan-controlled municipalities (院辖市;yuànxiáshì), thendirect-controlled municipalities (直辖市;zhíxiáshì) by theCentral Government of the People's Republic of China.

After the establishment of thePeople's Republic of China in 1949,Anshan,Benxi, andFushun were also made municipalities, while Qingdao, Dalian, and Harbin were reduced toprovincial municipalities.^[2] Hankou was merged intoWuhan, which became a municipality of its own. Hence, there remained 12 municipalities. In November 1952, Nanjing was reduced to a provincial municipality inJiangsu.^[3] In March 1953, Lüda, which had resulted from the merger of Dalian andLüshun in December 1950, was made a municipality. In July 1953, Harbin was restored to municipality status, whereasChangchun acquired that status for the first time.^[4] Except Beijing and Tianjin, which were under central control, all other municipalities were governed by thegreater administrative areas.

In June 1954, 11 of the 14 municipalities were reduced to sub-provincial cities; many of them became capitals of the provinces they were in. Only Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin remained municipalities, until Chongqing was restored as a municipality in 1997 with a much enlarged area. Tianjin was also temporarily reverted to sub-provincial city status between 1958 and 1967.^{[citation needed]}

Position in hierarchy

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Municipalities are the highest-ranked cities in the PRC. Some cities of lower levels may also refer to themselves as municipalities in theEnglish language.

Threelevels of cities in thePeople's Republic of China:

Municipalities (直辖市;直轄市;zhíxiáshì);
Prefecture-level cities (地级市;地級市;dìjíshì),includingsub-provincial cities; and,
County-level cities (县级市;縣級市;xiànjíshì),includingsub-prefectural cities.

Administration

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In municipalities, the highest ranking government official is themayor. The mayor is also a delegate in theNational People's Congress (the legislature)^[5] anddeputy secretary of theChinese Communist Party (CCP) Municipal Committee. However, the highest administrative authority in the municipality belongs to theChinese Communist Party Committee Secretary.

Current municipalities

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ISO^[6]	Division name	Simplified Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Abbr.	Population^[7]	Area (km²)	Divisions	City seat	Origin Province (split date)	Origin Prefecture	Origin County
CN-11	Beijing	北京市	Běijīng Shì	京jīng	19,612,368	16,801	List(16 districts)	Tongzhou	Hebei (Oct. 1949)	Shuntian	Daxing
CN-12	Tianjin	天津市	Tiānjīn Shì	津jīn	12,938,224	11,760	List(16 districts)	Hexi	Hebei (Jan. 1967)	Tianjin	Tianjin
CN-31	Shanghai	上海市	Shànghǎi Shì	沪hù	23,019,148	6,340	List(16 districts)	Huangpu	Jiangsu (Mar. 1927)	Songjiang	Shanghai
CN-50	Chongqing	重庆市	Chóngqìng Shì	渝yú	28,846,170 (City Core 16,240,026)	82,300 (City Core 6,268)	List(26 districts, 8 counties, & 4 autonomous counties) (City Core: 19 districts)	Yuzhong	Sichuan (May 1997)	Chongqing	Ba

Government

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Name	Communist Party		Executive		Legislature		Advisory
Name	Party Committee	Party Secretary	Government	Mayor	City Council	No. of seats	CPPCC Committee	Chair
Beijing	Beijing Municipal Party Committee	Yin Li	Beijing Municipal People's Government	Yin Yong	Beijing Municipal People's Congress	755	Beijing Municipal Committee	Wei Xiaodong
Tianjin	Tianjin Municipal Party Committee	Chen Min'er	Tianjin Municipal People's Government	Zhang Gong	Tianjin Municipal People's Congress	706	Tianjin Municipal Committee	Wang Changsong
Shanghai	Shanghai Municipal Party Committee	Chen Jining	Shanghai Municipal People's Government	Gong Zheng	Shanghai Municipal People's Congress	855	Shanghai Municipal Committee	Hu Wenrong
Chongqing	Chongqing Municipal Party Committee	Yuan Jiajun	Chongqing Municipal People's Government	Hu Henghua	Chongqing Municipal People's Congress	860	Chongqing Municipal Committee	Cheng Lihua

Former ROC and PRC municipalities

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Name	Simplified Chinese	Pinyin	Abbr.	City seat	Administration period	Original province	Original prefecture	Original county
Jingdu	京都市	Jīngdū Shì	京jīng	Dongcheng	1921–1927	Zhili (present province:Hebei)	Shuntian	Daxing
Jingu	津沽市	Jīngū Shì	津jīn	Heping	1921–1927	Zhili (present province:Hebei)	Tianjin	Tianjin
Songhu	淞沪市	Sōnghù Shì	沪hù	Huangpu	1921–1927	Jiangsu	Songjiang	Shanghai
Qingdao	青岛市	Qīngdǎo Shì	青qīng	Shinan	1921–1927, 1929–1949	Shandong	Jiaozhou	Jiao
Harbin	哈尔滨市	Hārbīn Shì	哈hā	Nangang	1921–1927, 1947–1949, 1953–1954	Songjiang (present province:Heilongjiang)	Binzhou	Bin
Hankou	汉口市	Hànkǒu Shì	汉hàn	Jiang'an	1921–1927, 1929–1931, 1947–1949	Hubei	Hanyang	Hanyang
Wuxi	无锡市	Wúxī Shì	锡xī	Binhu	1921–1927	Jiangsu	Changzhou	Wuxi
Hangzhou	杭州市	Hángzhōu Shì	杭háng	Gongshu	1921–1927	Zhejiang	Hangzhou	Yuhang
Ningbo	宁波市	Níngbō Shì	甬yǒng	Yinzhou	1921–1927	Zhejiang	Ningbo	Yin
Anqing	安庆市	Ānqìng Shì	安ān	Daguan	1921–1927	Anhui	Anqing	Huaining
Nanchang	南昌市	Nánchāng Shì	洪hóng	Donghu	1921–1927	Jiangxi	Nanchang	Nanchang
Wuchang	武昌市	Wǔchāng Shì	武wǔ	Wuchang	1921–1927	Hubei	Wuchang	Jiangxia
Guangzhou	广州市	Guǎngzhōu Shì	穗suì	Yuexiu	1921–1927, 1930, 1947–1954	Guangdong	Guangzhou	Panyu Nanhai
Wuzhou	梧州市	Wúzhōu Shì	梧wú	Changzhou	1921–1927	Guangxi	Wuzhou	Cangwu
Nanjing	南京市	Nánjīng Shì	宁níng	Xuanwu	1927–1952	Jiangsu	Jiangning	Jiangning
Xi'an	西安市	Xī'ān Shì	鎬hào	Weiyang	1927–1954	Shaanxi	Xi'an	Chang'an
Wuhan	武汉市	Wǔhàn Shì	汉hàn	Jiang'an	1927–1929, 1949	Hubei	Hanyang Wuchang	Hanyang Jiangxia
Beiping	北平市	Jīngdū Shì	平píng	Dongcheng	1928–1949	Zhili (present province:Hebei)	Shuntian	Daxing
Dalian	大连市	Dàlián Shì	连lián	Xigang	1947–1949	Andong/Liaodong (present province:Liaoning)	Jinzhou	Ninghai
Shenyang	沈阳市	Shěnyáng Shì	沈shěn	Shenhe	1947–1954	Liaoxi (present province:Liaoning)	Fengtian	Fengtian
Anshan	鞍山市	Ānshān Shì	鞍ān	Tiedong	1949–1954	Andong/Liaodong (present province:Liaoning)	Liaoyang	Haicheng Liaoyang
Benxi	本溪市	Běnxī Shì	本běn	Pingshan	1949–1954	Andong/Liaodong (present province:Liaoning)	Fengtian	Benxi
Fushun	抚顺市	Fǔshùn Shì	抚fǔ	Xinfu	1949–1954	Andong/Liaodong (present province:Liaoning)	Fengtian	Fushun
Lüda	旅大市	Lǚdà Shì	旅lǚ	Xigang	1950–1954	Lüda (present province:Liaoning)	Jinzhou	Ninghai
Changchun	长春市	Chángchūn Shì	春chūn	Nanguan	1953–1954	Jilin	Changchun	Changchun

References

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^"Administrative Division".The State Council of the People's Republic of China. Aug 26, 2014. Retrieved2021-07-21.
^"中华人民共和国行政区划（1949年）".xzqh.org.cn. 2006-06-27. Archived fromthe original on March 18, 2009.
^"中华人民共和国行政区划（1952年）".xzqh.org.cn. 2006-06-27. Archived fromthe original on March 18, 2009.
^"中华人民共和国行政区划（1953年）".xzqh.org.cn. 2006-06-27. Archived fromthe original on March 19, 2009.
^"Chongqing Mayor: Government Must Place Service Above Anything Else". Xinhua News Agency. March 3, 2003. Archived fromthe original on November 21, 2008. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2011.
^ISO 3166-2:CN (ISO 3166-2 codes for the provinces of China)
^"Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census (No. 1)". National Bureau of Statistics of China. April 28, 2011. Archived fromthe original on January 15, 2013. RetrievedJuly 19, 2011.

External links

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Media related toMunicipalities in China at Wikimedia Commons

v t e Provincial-level divisions of China
Provinces	Anhui Fujian Gansu Guangdong Guizhou Hainan Hebei Heilongjiang Henan Hubei Hunan Jiangsu Jiangxi Jilin Liaoning Qinghai Shaanxi Shandong Shanxi Sichuan Yunnan Zhejiang
Autonomous regions	Guangxi Inner Mongolia Ningxia Tibet Xinjiang
Direct-administered municipalities	Beijing Chongqing Shanghai Tianjin
Special administrative regions	Hong Kong Macau
Disputed province	Taiwan¹
¹Taiwan isclaimed by thePeople's Republic of China but administered by theRepublic of China (seepolitical status of Taiwan).

v t e Administrative divisions of Taiwan
List of administrative divisions of Taiwan Taiwan Area List of metropolitan areas in Taiwan
Special municipalities(6)	Taipei (capital city) Taoyuan Taichung Tainan New Taipei Kaohsiung
Provincial cities¹ (3)	Keelung Hsinchu Chiayi
Counties¹ (13)	Hsinchu Yilan Miaoli Changhua Nantou Yunlin Chiayi Pingtung Taitung Hualien Penghu Kinmen Lienchiang
Districtsunder special municipalities / cities Cities /townshipsunder counties	List of townships/cities and districts in Taiwan
¹ Provinces are merely formal entities within the constitutional structure, and have no governing power after the dissolution of their administrative organs in 2018. Cities and counties are thede facto principal administrative divisions of Taiwan. Sarah Shair-Rosenfield (November 2020)."Taiwan Combined"(PDF). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved29 May 2021.

v t e Articles on first-leveladministrative divisions of Asian countries
Sovereign states	Afghanistan Armenia² Azerbaijan¹ Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus² Egypt¹ Georgia¹ India Indonesia¹ Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan¹ North Korea province special city South Korea province provincial-level city Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia¹ Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste Turkey¹ Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam province municipality Yemen¹
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia² Northern Cyprus² Palestine South Ossetia² Taiwan
Table of administrative divisions by country ¹ Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent. ² Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.