Genus of trees
D. retusus Dipterocarpus flowering plants and the type genus of familyDipterocarpaceae .
Dipterocarpus is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known for timber, but less acknowledged for use in traditional herbal medicine.[ 1] [ 2] South Asia andSoutheast Asia , fromSri Lanka andIndia to thePhilippines .[ 3] dipterocarp forests. Its generic name comes fromGreek and means "two-winged fruits".
The greatest diversity ofDipterocarpus species occurs onBorneo , with manyendemic to the island. The oldest fossil of the genus, and Dipterocarpaceae, is from the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian )Intertrappean Beds of India.[ 4]
The genus is of considerable importance as timber trees and for producing resinous oil. The oil is sold under the trade names gurjun oil, kanyin oil, wood oil, andKeruing oil.[ 5] D. turbinatus , gurjan, is a major commercial timber species found in theAndaman islands . Gurjan wood is very important for making plywood.
There are 65 accepted species:[ 6]
Dipterocarpus acutangulus Vesque – Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and BorneoDipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G.Don – northeastern India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, and PhilippinesDipterocarpus applanatus Slooten – BorneoDipterocarpus baudii Korth. – Bangladesh, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, and SumatraDipterocarpus borneensis Sooten – Borneo and SumatraDipterocarpus bourdillonii Brandis – southwestern IndiaDipterocarpus caudiferus Merr. – BorneoDipterocarpus chartaceus Symington – Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular MalaysiaDipterocarpus cinereus Slooten – central SumatraDipterocarpus concavus Foxw. – Peninsular Malaysia and SumatraDipterocarpus condorensis Pierre – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, and VietnamDipterocarpus condorensis subsp.condorensis – Vietnam (Con Dao) and Philippines (Luzon and Mindanao)Dipterocarpus condorensis subsp.penangianus (Foxw.) P.S.Ashton & Luu – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus confertus Slooten – BorneoDipterocarpus conformis Slooten – northern SumatraDipterocarpus coriaceus Slooten – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus cornutus Dyer – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus costatus C.F.Gaertn. – Bangladesh, Indochina, and Peninsular MalaysiaDipterocarpus costulatus Slooten – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus crinitus Dyer – Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus cuspidatus P.S.Ashton – Borneo (northeastern Sarawak)Dipterocarpus dyeri Pierre ex Laness. – Indochina, northern Peninsular Malaysia, and northwestern BorneoDipterocarpus elongatus Korth. – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus eurhynchus Miq. – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, southern PhilippinesDipterocarpus fagineus Vesque – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus fusiformis P.S.Ashton – northeastern BorneoDipterocarpus geniculatus Vesque – BorneoDipterocarpus glabrigemmatus P.S.Ashton – BorneoDipterocarpus glandulosus Thwaites – southwestern Sri LankaDipterocarpus globosus Vesque – BorneoDipterocarpus gracilis Blume – Assam to western Malesia and the PhilippinesDipterocarpus grandiflorus (Blanco) Blanco – Bangladesh to Indochina, western Malesia, and the Philippines. The wood is sold askeruing timberDipterocarpus hasseltii Blume – Indochina, western Malesia, Philippines, and Lesser Sunda IslandsDipterocarpus hispidus Thwaites – Sri LankaDipterocarpus humeratus Slooten – Sumatra and BorneoDipterocarpus indicus Bedd. – southwestern IndiaDipterocarpus insignis Thwaites – Sri LankaDipterocarpus intricatus Dyer – Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and VietnamDipterocarpus kerrii King – Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, and the Philippines. The wood is sold askeruing timberDipterocarpus kunstleri King – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, and the PhilippinesDipterocarpus lamellatus Hook.f. – Borneo (southwestern Sabah)Dipterocarpus littoralis Blume – southern JavaDipterocarpus lowii Hook.f. – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus mundus Slooten – central BorneoDipterocarpus nudus Vesque – northwestern BorneoDipterocarpus oblongifolius Blume – southern Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and BorneoDipterocarpus obtusifolius Teijsm. ex Miq. – Indochina and Peninsular MalaysiaDipterocarpus ochraceus Meijer – northern BorneoDipterocarpus orbicularis Foxw. – Philippines (Luzon)Dipterocarpus pachyphyllus Meijer – northern and northwestern BorneoDipterocarpus palembanicus Slooten – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus perakensis P.S.Ashton – Peninsular MalaysiaDipterocarpud pseudocornutus P.S.Ashton – PhilippinesDipterocarpus retusus Blume – Assam and Tibet to China (Yunnan), Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda IslandsDipterocarpus rigidus Ridl. – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus rotundifolius Foxw. – Peninsular MalaysiaDipterocarpus sarawakensis Slooten – eastern Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Locally called the Sarawakkeruing Dipterocarpus scaber Buch.-Ham. – BangladeshDipterocarpus semivestitus Slooten – Peninsular Malaysia (Perak) and southeastern BorneoDipterocarpus stellatus Vesque – western BorneoDipterocarpus sublamellatus Foxw. – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus tempehes Slooten – BorneoDipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. – Bangladesh to IndochinaDipterocarpus turbinatus C.F.Gaertn. – eastern India to Indochina. The wood is sold askeruing timberDipterocarpus validus Blume – northern and eastern Borneo to the PhilippinesDipterocarpus verrucosus Foxw. ex Slooten – Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus zeylanicus Thwaites – Sri Lanka^ Christophe Wiart (2006).Medicinal Plants of the Asia-Pacific: Drugs for the Future? . World Scientific. ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species" .^ Ashton, P. S. (2003), Kubitzki, Klaus; Bayer, Clemens (eds.),"Dipterocarpaceae" ,Flowering Plants · Dicotyledons: Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales , The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 182– 197,doi :10.1007/978-3-662-07255-4_20 ,ISBN 978-3-662-07255-4 , retrieved2021-07-02 ^ Khan, Mahasin Ali; Spicer, Robert A.; Spicer, Teresa E. V.; Roy, Kaustav; Hazra, Manoshi; Hazra, Taposhi; Mahato, Sumana; Kumar, Sanchita; Bera, Subir (2020-11-03)."Dipterocarpus (Dipterocarpaceae) leaves from the K-Pg of India: a Cretaceous Gondwana presence of the Dipterocarpaceae" .Plant Systematics and Evolution .306 (6): 90.Bibcode :2020PSyEv.306...90K .doi :10.1007/s00606-020-01718-z .ISSN 1615-6110 . ^ MD(Ayu), Dr J. V. Hebbar (2015-05-24)."Ashwakarna - Dipterocarpus turbinatus Uses, Research, Side Effects" .Easy Ayurveda . Retrieved2023-08-20 . ^ Dipterocarpus C.F.Gaertn.Plants of the World Online
