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Diodorus Siculus

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1st-century BC Greek historian
"Diodorus" redirects here. For other uses, seeDiodorus (disambiguation).
Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus Siculus as depicted in a 19th-century fresco
Diodorus Siculus as depicted in a 19th-centuryfresco
Native name
Διόδωρος
Bornfl. 1st century BC
Agira, Sicily
LanguageAncient Greek
GenreHistory
Notable worksBibliotheca historica

Diodorus Siculus orDiodorus of Sicily (Ancient Greek:Διόδωρος,romanized: Diódōros;fl. 1st century BC) was anancient Greekhistorian fromSicily. He is known for writing the monumentaluniversal historyBibliotheca historica, in forty books, fifteen of which survive intact,[1] between 60 and 30 BC. The history is arranged in three parts. The first covers mythic history up to the destruction ofTroy, arranged geographically, describing regions around the world from Egypt, India and Arabia to Europe. The second covers the time from theTrojan War to thedeath of Alexander the Great. The third covers the period to about 60 BC.Bibliotheca, meaning 'library', acknowledges that he was drawing on the work of many other authors.

Life

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According to his own work, he was born inAgyrium inSicily (now called Agira).[2] With one exception,antiquity affords no further information about his life and doings beyond his written works. OnlyJerome, in hisChronicon under the "year ofAbraham 1968" (49 BC), writes, "Diodorus of Sicily, a writer of Greek history, became illustrious". However, hisEnglish translator,Charles Henry Oldfather, remarks on the "striking coincidence"[3] that one of only two known Greek inscriptions from Agyrium (Inscriptiones Graecae XIV, 588) is the tombstone of one "Diodorus, the son of Apollonius" (“Διόδωρος ∙ Ἀπολλωνίου”) .[4][5] The final work attributed to him is from 21 BC.[6]

Work

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Main article:Bibliotheca historica
Bibliotheca historica, 1746

Diodorus'universal history, which he namedBibliotheca historica (Ancient Greek:Βιβλιοθήκη Ἱστορική, "Historical Library"), was immense and consisted of 40 books, of which 1–5 and 11–20 survive:[7] fragments of the lost books are preserved inPhotius and theExcerpts ofConstantine Porphyrogenitus.

It was divided into three sections. The first six books treated the mythic history of the non-Hellenic and Hellenic tribes to the destruction of Troy and are geographical in theme, and describe the history and culture ofAncient Egypt (book I), ofMesopotamia,India,Scythia, andArabia (II), ofNorth Africa (III), and ofGreece and Europe (IV–VI).

In the next section (books VII–XVII), he recounts the history of the world from theTrojan War down to thedeath of Alexander the Great. The last section (books XVII to the end) concerns the historical events from thesuccessors of Alexander down to either 60 BC or the beginning ofJulius Caesar'sGallic Wars. (The end has been lost, so it is unclear whether Diodorus reached the beginning of the Gallic War as he promised at the beginning of his work or, as evidence suggests, old and tired from his labours, he stopped short at 60 BC.) He selected the name "Bibliotheca" in acknowledgment that he was assembling a composite work from many sources. Identified authors on whose works he drew includeHecataeus of Abdera,Ctesias of Cnidus,Ephorus,Theopompus,Hieronymus of Cardia,Duris of Samos,Diyllus,Philistus,Timaeus,Polybius, andPosidonius.

See also

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References

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  1. ^Usher 1969, p. 235.
  2. ^Diod.History 1.4.4.
  3. ^Oldfather, Charles Henry (1977). "Introduction".Diodorus of Sicily In Twelve Volumes.
  4. ^Stronk, Jan P. (2010).Ctesias' Persian History: Introduction, text, and translation by Ctesias. p. 60.
  5. ^"IG XIV 588 - PHI Greek Inscriptions".epigraphy.packhum.org. Retrieved3 July 2024.
  6. ^"Diodorus Siculus - Greek historian". Retrieved13 July 2023.
  7. ^"Diodorus Siculus".Encyclopædia Britannica. 4 April 2018.

Bibliography

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Further reading

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Library resources about
Diodorus Siculus
By Diodorus Siculus
  • Ambaglio, Delfino. 1995.La Biblioteca storica di Diodoro Siculo. Problemi e metodo. Como: Edizioni New Press.
  • Braithwaite-Westoby, Kara. "Diodorus and the Alleged Revolts of 374–373 BCE," Classical Philology 115, no. 2 (April 2020): 265–270.
  • Clarke, Katherine. 1999. "Universal perspectives in Historiography." InThe Limits of Historiography: Genre and Narrative in Ancient Historical Texts. Edited by Christina Shuttleworth Kraus, 249–279. Mnemosyne. Supplementum 191. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
  • Hammond, Nicholas G. L. 1998. "Portents, Prophecies, and Dreams in Diodorus' Books 14–17."Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 39.4: 407–428.
  • Hau, Lisa Irene, Alexander Meeus, and Brian Sheridan (eds.). 2018.Diodoros of Sicily: Historiographical Theory and Practice in the Bibliotheke. Peeters: Leuven.
  • Laqueur, Richard. 1992.Diodors Geschichtswerk – Die Überlieferung von Buch I-V. Frankfurt am Main.
  • McQueen, Earl I. 1995.Diodorus Siculus. The Reign of Philip II: The Greek and Macedonian Narrative from Book XVI. A Companion. London: Bristol Classical Press.
  • Muntz, Charles E. 2017.Diodorus Siculus and the World of the Late Roman Republic. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
  • Rathmann, Michael. 2016.Diodor und seine „Bibliotheke“. Weltgeschichte aus der Provinz. Berlin: de Gruyter,ISBN 978-3-11-048144-0.
  • Rubincam, Catherine. 1987. "The Organization and Composition of Diodorus' Bibliotheke."Échos du monde classique (= Classical views) 31:313–328.
  • Sacks, Kenneth S. 1990.Diodorus Siculus and the First Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
  • Sinclair, Robert K. 1963. "Diodorus Siculus and the Writing of History."Proceedings of the African Classical Association 6:36–45.
  • Stronk, Jan P. 2017.Semiramis' Legacy. The History of Persia According to Diodorus of Sicily. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.
  • Sulimani, Iris. 2008. "Diodorus' Source-Citations: A Turn in the Attitude of Ancient Authors Towards their Predecessors?"Athenaeum 96.2: 535–567.
  • Wirth, Gerhard. 2007.Katastrophe und Zukunftshoffnung. Mutmaßungen zur zweiten Hälfte von Diodors Bibliothek und ihren verlorenen Büchern. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,ISBN 978-3-7001-3723-8.

External links

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Greek original works
English translations
  • Works by Diodorus Siculus atProject Gutenberg
  • Diodorus Siculus."The Library of History". Translated by C. H. Oldfather; C. L. Sherman; C. Bradford Welles; Russel M. Geer; F. R. Walton. LacusCurtius. Books 1–32 only. Retrieved25 June 2017.
  • Diodorus Siculus."Library". Translated by C. H. Oldfather. Theoi E-Texts Library. Books 4–6 only. Retrieved8 October 2008.
  • Diodorus Siculus."Library". Translated by C. H. Oldfather. Perseus Digital Library. Books 9–17 only. Retrieved25 June 2017.
  • Diodorus Siculus."Historical Library". Translated by Andrew Smith. Attalus.org. Books 33–40 only. Retrieved7 February 2014.
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