Digital X-ray radiogrammetry is a method for measuringbone mineral density (BMD). Digital X-ray radiogrammetry is based on the old technique ofradiogrammetry. In DXR, thecortical thickness of the three middlemetacarpal bones of the hand is measured in a digital X-ray image.[1] Through a geometrical operation, the thickness is converted to bone mineral density. The BMD is corrected forporosity of the bone, estimated by a texture analysis performed on the cortical part of the bone.[2][3]
Like other technologies for estimating the bone mineral density, the outputs are an areal BMD value, aT-score and aZ-score for assessingosteoporosis and the risk of bone fracture.[4]
Digital X-ray radiogrammetry is primarily used in combination withdigital mammography for osteoporosis screening, where same mammography machine that is used to acquire breast X-ray images is also used to acquire a hand image for BMD measurement. Due to highprecision, DXR is also used for monitoring change in bone mineral density over time.[5] Recent studies have suggested that DXR is a promising alternative for DXA for determining low bone quality in children with suspected secondary low bone quality or osteoporosis.[1]
^Jorgensen, J. T.; Andersen, P. B.; Rosholm, A.; Bjarnason, N. Hannover (September 2000). "Digital X-ray radiogrammetry: a new appendicular bone densitometric method with high precision".Clinical Physiology.20 (5):330–335.doi:10.1046/j.1365-2281.2000.00268.x.PMID10971543.
^Böttcher, J.; Pfeil, A.; Rosholm, A.; Petrovitch, A.; Seidl, B. E.; Malich, A.; Schäfer, M. L.; Kramer, A.; Mentzel, H. J.; Lehmann, G.; Hein, G.; Kaiser, W. A. (December 2005). "Digital x-ray radiogrammetry combined with semiautomated analysis of joint space widths as a new diagnostic approach in rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study".Arthritis & Rheumatism.52 (12):3850–3859.doi:10.1002/art.21606.PMID16320332.
^Rosholm, A.; Hyldstrup, L.; Bæksgaard, L.; Grunkin, M.; Thodberg, H. H. (1 November 2001). "Estimation of Bone Mineral Density by Digital X-ray Radiogrammetry: Theoretical Background and Clinical Testing".Osteoporosis International.12 (11):961–969.doi:10.1007/s001980170026.PMID11804024.S2CID23451120.
^Friis, M (May 2001). "Digital X-ray Radiogrammetry on Hand X-rays Obtained on Mammographic X-ray Equipment".Bone.28 (5):S101–S248.doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(01)00454-9.
