| Dick Grayson | |
|---|---|
 Various incarnations of Dick Grayson from variant cover ofNightwing #118 (September 2024). Art byNicola Scott. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| First appearance | As Robin: Detective Comics #38 (April 1940) As Nightwing: Tales of the Teen Titans #44 (July 1984) As Batman: Robin #0 (October 1994) As Target: Nightwing: The Target #1 (September 2001) As Agent 37: Grayson #1 (July 2014) |
| Created by | Bill Finger Bob Kane Jerry Robinson |
| In-story information | |
| Full name | Richard John Grayson |
| Species | Human |
| Team affiliations | Justice League Teen Titans Outsiders Batman Incorporated Spyral[1] |
| Partnerships | Batman Oracle Arsenal Jason Todd(assisted as Robin and Red Hood) Damian Wayne(served as Robin to Dick’s Batman) |
| Notable aliases | Robin Nightwing Batman Agent 37 Deathwing |
| Abilities |
|
Richard John "Dick"Grayson is asuperhero appearing inAmerican comic books published byDC Comics, commonly in association withBatman, theTeen Titans and theJustice League. Created by writerBill Finger and artistBob Kane, he first appeared inDetective Comics #38 in April 1940, Dick is the original and most popular incarnation ofRobin, Batman's crime-fighting partner – together known as theDynamic Duo. In Robin'sorigin story, he is the orphaned son of master acrobats theFlying Graysons who is later adopted by Batman's alter egoBruce Wayne.[2]
Dick Grayson has undergone significantcharacter development since originally introduced in 1940. In 1984, he graduated from the role of Robin to become the adult superheroNightwing, protector of the city ofBlüdhaven,[3]Gotham City's economically troubled neighbouring city. Since then, as Bruce's eldest son, Dick has taken on an older brother figure and father figure (to Jason Todd and Damian Wayne, as he attempted to adopt both of them) to his male successors as Robin – tearawayJason Todd, teenage prodigyTim Drake, and trained assassinDamian Wayne, who is also Batman's biological child. Among other members of theBatman Family, his closest relationships are with Batman's loyal butler and father figureAlfred Pennyworth, and with hisromantic interestBarbara Gordon, who served asBatgirl alongside Dick as Robin, and who later aids Nightwing as Oracle. Dick has also taken up the mantle of Batman himself on a number of occasions when Bruce was missing, incapacitated, or believed dead.[4]
As well as his significant role inBatman-related stories, Dick is well-connected to other characters across the fictionalDC Universe, particularly in his role from 1964 onwards as a founding member of theTeen Titans superhero group alongside other sidekicks of theJustice League.Teen Titans establishes many of the character's most significant partnerships, including with his best friendsWally West (Kid Flash),Donna Troy (Wonder Girl), andRoy Harper (Speedy), and his other longtime romantic interest, the alien princessStarfire. Dick is widely recognised as one of the superhero community's greatest strategists, leading the adult Titans team, theOutsiders, and even the Justice League at various times. Dick also has connections to theSuperman franchise, with Superman providing the original inspiration for him to become Nightwing and take on a different style of superheroism from Batman,[5] with Nightwing later mentoring Superman's sonJon Kent.[6][7]
Grayson has appeared as Robin in manyBatman adaptations over the years. In live-action, the character appeared in the serialBatman played byDouglas Croft, the serialBatman and Robin played byJohnny Duncan, the television seriesBatman and itsfilm played byBurt Ward, the filmBatman Forever and its sequelBatman & Robin played byChris O'Donnell, and the television seriesTitans played byBrenton Thwaites.
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The character was first introduced inDetective Comics #38 (1940) byBatman creatorsBill Finger andBob Kane. Robin's debut was an effort to get younger readers to enjoy Batman. The name "Robin, The Boy Wonder" and the medieval look of the original costume are inspired by the legendary heroRobin Hood. Finger had named Dick Grayson after both the half-brother of pulp fiction characterFrank Merriwell, named Dick, and book editor Charles Grayson, Jr.[9] The costume was designed byJerry Robinson who drew it from memory based on Robin Hood illustrations byN. C. Wyeth.[8]: 83
In his first appearance, Dick Grayson is an 8 year-old circus acrobat, and, with his parents, one of the "Flying Graysons". Robin was born on the first day of spring, the son of John Grayson and Mary Grayson, a young aerialist couple. While preparing for a performance, Dick overhears two gangsters attempting to extortprotection money from the circus owner. The owner refuses, so the gangsters sabotage the trapeze wires with acid. During the next performance, the trapeze from which Dick's parents are swinging snaps, sending them to their deaths. Before he can go to the police, Batman appears to him and warns him that the two gangsters work forTony Zucco, a very powerful crime boss, and that revealing his knowledge could lead to his death. When Batman recounts themurder of hisownparents, Dick asks to become his aide. After extensive training, Dick becomes Robin. They start by disrupting Zucco's gambling and extortion rackets. They then successfully bait the riled Zucco into visiting a construction site, where they capture him.
Robin's origin has a thematic connection to Batman's in that both see their parents killed by criminals, creating an urge to battle the criminal element. Bruce sees a chance to direct the anger and rage that Dick feels in a way that he cannot, thus creating a father/son bond and understanding between the two. Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, DC Comics portrayed Batman and Robin as a team, deeming them the "Dynamic Duo", rarely publishing aBatman story without his sidekick; stories entirely devoted to Robin appeared inStar-Spangled Comics from 1947 through 1952.
The character history of theEarth-Two Robin accordingly adopts all of the earliest stories featuring the character from the 1940s and 1950s, while the adventures of the mainstreamRobin (who lived on "Earth-One") begin later and with certain elements of his origin retold. However, during the Earth-Two stories, the age that Dick became Robin changed to 13 during the 1950s. Both were depicted as separate, though parallel, individuals living in their respective universes, with the "older" Earth-Two character eventually reaching death inCrisis on Infinite Earths.
1964'sThe Brave and the Bold #54 introduces a junior version of theJustice League of America. This team is led by the modern-day Robin, residing on Earth-One, and was joined by two other teenage sidekicks,Aqualad (sidekick ofAquaman) andKid Flash (sidekick of theFlash), to stop the menace of Mr. Twister. Later, the three sidekicks join forces withSpeedy (sidekick ofGreen Arrow) andWonder Girl to free their mentors in theJLA from mind-controlled thrall. They decide to become a real team: theTeen Titans. By the tactical skills gleaned from Batman, Robin is swiftly recognized as a leader before the Titans disband some years later.
In 1969, still in the Pre-Crisis continuity, writerDennis O'Neil and artistNeal Adams return Batman to his darker roots. One part of this effort is writing Robin out of the series by sending Dick Grayson toHudson University and into a separate strip in the back ofDetective Comics. The by-now Teen Wonder appears only sporadically inBatman stories of the 1970s as well as in a short-lived revival ofThe Teen Titans.
In October 1980, a new roster of the Teen Titans was featured inDC Comics Presents #26 featuring Robin, Wonder Girl, and Kid Flash. Given a series of their starring writer Marv Wolfman and artistGeorge Pérez, later additions to the team would include Changeling (Beast Boy), Raven, Cyborg, and Starfire. The New Teen Titans are run by Marv Wolfman, George Perez, and editor Len Wein. With Marvel outperforming DC Comics in sales, the then-new President of DC Comics Jenette Khan brought in the aforementioned team who would choose to use the Teen Titans characters in a bid to revitalize sales. During the comic's run, the series was among DC's best-selling books. outperforming much of the other titles featuring more popular characters.[10] During Robin's leadership of the Titans, however, he had a falling out with Batman, leading to an estrangement that would last for years.
In the pre-Crisis on Infinite Earths continuity, the maturing Dick Grayson grows weary of his role as Batman's young sidekick. He renames himselfNightwing, recalling his adventure in theKryptonian city ofKandor, where he and Batman meet the local hero of the same name. In post-Crisis continuity, he is fired by Batman after being shot by the Joker and becomes Nightwing. He maintains this identity during his role in the Teen Titans and occasionally returns to assist Batman and his successors as Robin in the form of Jason Todd and Tim Drake, Tim, in particular, becoming a younger brother figure to him.
When Bruce's back is broken byBane during theKnightfall story arc, Bruce selectsJean-Paul Valley as his replacement as Batman as he does not want to burden Dick with the role and fears that Dick may go after Bane in revenge. When Valley proves to be too unstable to be Batman, however, Bruce undergoes a rigorous recovery and training program with the aid of Doctor Shondra Kinsolving andLady Shiva to restore him to full health, defeating Valley with Dick and Tim's aid. Feeling that he needs to re-evaluate Batman and his mission after Valley's defeat, however, Bruce leaves Gotham once again, after appointing Dick as his successor during the "Prodigal" story arc. While acting as Batman, Dick is left with a clearer idea of the psychological stresses Bruce must endure in the role, as well as facing some of Bruce's newer enemies—such as Killer Croc, the Ventriloquist, and the Ratcatcher—while settling his long-standing issues with Two-Face.
InNightwing: Alfred's Return #1 (1995), Dick Grayson travels toEngland to findAlfred Pennyworth who had resigned from Bruce Wayne's service following the events of theKnightSaga. Before returning to Gotham City together, they prevent an attemptedcoup d'état against the British government that involves destroying theChannel Tunnel under theEnglish Channel.
Later on, with theNightwing miniseries (September to December 1995, written byDennis O'Neil withGreg Land as an artist), Dick briefly considers retiring from being Nightwing forever before family papers uncovered by Alfred reveals a possible link between the murder of the Flying Graysons and the Crown Prince of Kravis. Journeying to Kravis, Nightwing helps to topple the murderous Kravian leader and prevent ethnic cleansing, while learning his parents' true connection to the Prince; they witnessed the original Prince being killed and replaced with an impostor who became as bad as his predecessor (although Zucco killed the Graysons before the conspirators could do anything about it). In the aftermath, Dick returns to his role as Nightwing, recognizing that, for all his problems with Bruce, Bruce nevermade him become Robin or join his crusade, accepting that he imitated Bruce's example because Bruce was worthy of imitation.
In 1996, following the success of the miniseries, DC Comics launched a monthly solo series featuring Nightwing (written byChuck Dixon, with art byScott McDaniel), in which he patrols Gotham City's neighboring municipality ofBlüdhaven, relocating there to investigate a series of murders and remaining as he recognized that the city needed protection. He remains the city's guardian for some time, facing foes such asBlockbuster and new villains such asTorque, and even becomes a police officer so that he can make an impact on the city's criminal activity in both parts of his life. Later, Grayson divides his duties between Blüdhaven and Gotham aftera devastating earthquake and the subsequent decision to declare Gotham aNo Man's Land, Grayson occasionally assisting his mentor and other members of Bat-Family in maintaining and restoring order in Gotham until it is fully rebuilt. When the Justice League vanished into the past fighting an ancient sorceressGamemnae, Nightwing was selected as the leader of the reserve League created by an emergency program Batman had established in the event of his League being defeated; Batman described Nightwing as the only person he could have picked to lead the new team.
Eventually, the original League is restored, and Nightwing departs along with some of his League - although others remain as some of the original team take a leave of absence - though Batman notes that his leadership of the League proves that he is ready for more responsibilities. The death of Blockbuster, however, prompts Nightwing to leave Blüdhaven due to his crisis of conscience; Blockbuster was killed by a vigilanteTarantula, and Nightwing did not stop this even when he had the chance because he was in a depressive state afterBlockbuster repeatedly attacked his loved ones. This caused him to have an anxiety attack that put him in a near catatonic state, which Tarantula took advantage of and sexually assaulted him. While Nightwing returns to Gotham to heal after assisting Batman in dealing with a series of gang wars, Blüdhaven is destroyed by theSecret Society of Super-Villains when they dropChemo on it.
During the battle ofMetropolis, Grayson suffers a near-fatal injury fromAlexander Luthor Jr. when he shields Wayne from Luthor's attack.[11] Originally, the editors at DC intended to have Grayson killed inInfinite Crisis asNewsarama revealed from the DC Panel at WizardWorld Philadelphia:[12]
It was again explained that Nightwing was originally intended to die inInfinite Crisis, and that you can see the arc that was supposed to end with his death in the series. After long discussions, the death edict was finally reversed, but the decision was made that, if they were going to be keeping him, he would have to be changed. The next arc of the ongoing series will further explain the changes, it was said.
After spending some time away with Bruce and Tim to heal and rebuild after their harsh times before the Crisis, Dick relocates to New York but has trouble finding work as both Dick Grayson and Nightwing. During theBatman R.I.P. storyline, Nightwing is ambushed by the International Club of Villains. He is later seen being held inArkham Asylum, where one of the surgeons, in reality also the civilian identity of ICoV member Le Bossu, arranged for Nightwing to be admitted under the name of Pierrot Lunaire (another ICoV member) and be kept both heavily drugged and regularly beaten by staff to subdue him. Scheduled for an experimentallobotomy by Le Bossu himself, he manages to free himself and come to Batman's aid for the finale of the story arc.
Following the events of Batman's apparent death during theFinal Crisis, Nightwing closes down shop in New York City to return to Gotham, where – after the events of "Battle for the Cowl" – he, initially reluctant, assumes the identity of Batman and finds a new Robin inDamian Wayne, Bruce Wayne's biological son.[13] In the stories that followed tended to feature Grayson reckoning with themes of identity, family, loss, history and legacy, as he established himself as a different kind of Batman; more concerned with inspiring hope than fear.
The new team of Batman and Robin is the focus of Grant Morrison andFrank Quitely'sBatman and Robin series.[14] Their dynamic reverses the classic dynamic of Bruce and Dick, by having a lighter and friendlier Batman paired with a more intense and dark Robin.
During this period, Dick Grayson as Batman also features as the leader of theJustice League, joined by former Titans and Outsiders teammatesDonna Troy,Jesse Quick andJade, in a run by the writerJames Robinson. After an intense confrontation with the Club of Villains and the mysterious Doctor Simon Hurt (who has established fake evidence that he is Bruce's fatherThomas Wayne), Hurt is defeated when Bruce returns to the present. However, Bruce leaves Dick to continue to act as Batman in Gotham with Damian as his partner while he sets up the new 'Batman Incorporated' program, Bruce publicly identifying himself as Batman's financial backer to justify a global Batman-themed operation where he funds multiple other vigilantes.
Dick Grayson is re-established as Nightwing following DC'sFlashpoint crossover event, after which the publisher relaunched all of its titles and made alterations to its continuity as part of an initiative calledThe New 52. In the new status quo, Bruce Wayne is once again the only Batman, and Dick, like the other members of the adoptive family, is a few years younger. Dick, despite being 19 is drawn a bit shorter than in his pre-relaunch frame. This is likely due to adding believability to his acrobat past.[15] His origin story remains the same (Bruce Wayne takes him in upon his parents' murder by Zucco) except that Dick prodigiously talented at reading body language, allowing him to deduce Batman's secret identity upon their first meeting.
According to various interviews it is stated that Dick was adopted at 16 as opposed to as an adult due to the DCNU's timeline existing for only five years.[16] Dick Grayson is shown in flashbacks asRobin with a revamped version of the Robin costume inNightwing (vol. 3) #0 (November 2012) andBatman and Robin (vol. 2) Annual #2 (March 2014).
In his civilian identity, he is attacked by an assassin named Saiko who insists that he is the fiercest killer in Gotham. The seriesBatman Incorporated relaunches with a second volume, continuing its story while taking into account the New 52's continuity changes; Dick is now depicted as Nightwing, and not as Batman, but the change is not addressed in the comic itself. InNightwing, Dick inherits the deed to the circus from a dyingJack Haly and begins a relationship with his childhood friend acrobat Raya Vestri. Saiko tortures Haly for information on Nightwing's secret identity, and the old man dies in Dick's arms after telling him the circus holds a terrible secret. Investigating leads, he tracks down a supervillain named Feedback, who used to be a childhood friend but does not learn anything. Following Haly's clues, he finds a mysterious Book of Names in the circus that has his name on the last page. Later the circus announces they will be doing a memorial show on the anniversary of the night Dick's parents were murdered, and Saiko attacks by detonating a massive explosion.[17]
It is then revealed that the circus has been training assassins for years, and Saiko was a childhood friend using Raya as an accomplice. Grayson had been selected to become a new Talon for the Court of Owls, but when Batman adopted him, Saiko took his place. The killer plummets to his death and Raya turns herself in. Returning to the Batcave, Bruce reveals to Dick that the current Talon is his great-grandfather William Cobb.[17] During the "Night of the Owls" event, Dick faces Cobb, who was revived while protecting Mayor Hady.[17][18] Following the event, Dick decided to keep Haly's Circus in Gotham and plans to invest in turning an abandoned amusement park into their new location without Bruce's money. He works with Sonia Branch, the daughter of Tony Zucco, the crime boss who murdered Dick's parents, into getting a loan for this plan by investing his entire trust fund despite being a high-risk due to Saiko's recent attack. The problems arise because of the guilt Sonia feels towards her father's actions[18] and many members of the circus are afraid for their lives because of the previous disasters and accuse Dick Grayson of being a flake, making it hard for those who choose to stay.[19]
The "Death of the Family" crossover event across theBatman-related comic books led to a major shift in Nightwing's status quo. During the storyline, one of Dick's friends Jimmy Clark, who worked as a circus clown, was murdered by theJoker because Joker felt like Jimmy was a knockoff of him. Nightwing later discovers Joker broke Raya out of prison, infected her with his Joker venom, and forced her to fight him while wearing a makeshift Nightwing costume. The toxin eventually killed Raya, though Nightwing tried in vain with an anti-toxin to save her. Nightwing then discovered that Joker left a message on Raya's abdomen that he was targeting Haly's Circus next. However upon arriving there, Joker unveils his plan to burn the circus to the ground and then infects Nightwing with his gas which not only causes him to experience hallucinations of Jimmy and Raya but he is soon attacked by the other members of Haly's Circus that were also affected by the toxin allowing Joker to capture him.[19]
In the aftermath, Haly's Circus is gone, with Dick breaking as a result of having lost his investment. While the other circus members survived since Joker used a different Joker venom on them, they blame Dick and decide to leave after Raya and Jimmy's funeral, though deep down they know it is not his fault. Dick becomes bitter about his loss. After he used excessive force to bring down some criminals that tried to plunder valuables from the remains of the circus, Damian, who has been monitoring him, can talk some sense into Nightwing, which helps him recover.[19]
Nightwing is later deeply affected by the death of Damian following his murder at the hands of Damian's clone, theHeretic, inBatman Incorporated. With Damian's death and potential resurrection becoming an obsession of Batman's, Dick is shunned by Bruce when he tries to tell him to move on, inBatman and Nightwing (a retitledBatman & Robin #23).
Later, theNightwing series changes its setting to Chicago, Illinois. Sonia Branch reveals to Dick an e-mail that indicates that her father Zucco is still alive. After giving the address toRed Robin to try and track down who sent it, Robin uncovers that Zucco is residing in Chicago. Nightwing moves to Chicago to find and arrest Zucco, who is now living under the assumed identity of Billy Lester, an assistant to the mayor. Soon after arriving in Chicago, Dick meets his new roommates, a photojournalist named Michael and a computer specialist named Joey. After leaving the apartment to meet with Johnny Spade, a borderline criminal who steals and sells information, their meeting is interrupted by the police. A short chase results in the accidental destruction of a newly rebuilt subway. Meanwhile, a criminal hacker called thePrankster tortures, maims, and kills criminalcon men who are untouchable by the police.
The Chicago story is later abruptly ended by Nightwing's role in a larger company-wide crossover event. After the Crime Syndicate invades Earth-Prime after the "Trinity War"Justice League storyline and defeats the Justice League, the DC crossover storyForever Evil depicts Nightwing's capture by theCrime Syndicate, who exposes his secret identity to the world. Following their escape from the Syndicate, Batman andCatwoman decide to rescue him. He then is invited byOwlman to help defeat the Crime Syndicate, which he accepts. Nightwing is severely beaten byUltraman and is attached to a device from a parallel world known as the Murder Machine, which is controlled by his heart rate and is reportedly impossible to escape from alive. When Batman andLex Luthor arrive to free him, Lex stops his heart to fool the system so he can disarm it. However, Batman, enraged over what Lex has done, attacks him. Luthor explains it is not too late to save Grayson.[20] In an uncharacteristically heroic moment, Luthor injects Grayson's heart with adrenaline, which successfully revives Grayson.Cyborg enters, having defeated Grid, and Grayson joins Batman, Cyborg, and Catwoman in freeing the Justice League from theFirestorm Matrix.
After the defeat of the Syndicate, Grayson is seen with Batman in theBatcave. Batman tells him that he has to send him on the most dangerous mission he could undertake, requiring that Grayson fakes his death. Upon the latter's refusal (saying he cannot do that to his family), the two have an all-out brawl during which Batman tells him Spyral is in possession of multiple secret identities and could kill his friends and family. As Bruce monologues about knowing the magnitude of what he's asking, Dick reiterates his refusal to keep his survival from his family. He finally gains the upper hand, winning the fight. However, Dick's pyrrhic victory brings him no satisfaction as he feels compelled to take on the mission, even as he tells Bruce, "if you make me do this, things can never be the same with us again."
TheNightwing title concluded in April 2014 at issue #30, and was replaced with a new title,Grayson, which depicts Dick having given up his life as Nightwing at age 22 and going undercover as an agent of the Spyral organization where the formerBatwomanKathy Kane works.[21] Written byTim Seeley and formerCIA counter-terrorism officerTom King, the career change for Dick Grayson comes from the urging of Batman himself, who convinces him to remain dead to the world. Seeley stated that the series will be "leaning into" Grayson's sex symbol status. The character's look also is redesigned with no mask, but a blue-and-black outfit calling back to his pre-New 52 Nightwing counterpart with an addition of a "G" on his chest, said to be reminiscent of the Robin "R".[22][23]
In the "Agent of Spyral" storyline, Dick (known as Agent 37) is enlisted by Mister Minos, the director of Spyral, after having been chosen byHelena Bertinelli to serve as a new candidate. However, Dick serves as amole under Batman due to their agenda of unmasking heroes by collecting the Paragon organs, organs which contain theDNA of the Justice League and bestows meta-bioweapons the ability to use their powers. He assists Spyral's agenda to know more about Minos and his endgame, resulting in Spyral attaining most of the scattered organs. In a later story arc, Minos betrays Spyral and attempts to leak its secrets. To his surprise, he finds the newAgent Zero, who reveals that she, along with the upper echelon of Spyral, had used Minos to attract Dick into Spyral and kills Minos as he has outlived his life full of humor.[24][25]
DuringBatman and Robin Eternal, Grayson finds himself working with various other members of the Bat-Family when Bruce Wayne is amnesiac after his resurrection against the ruthless villain known only as "Mother", who, it is revealed, briefly met with Batman early in Grayson's career as Robin, believing that he shared her views on using trauma to make people stronger. Mother intends to trigger a global collapse with the reasoning that the survivors will rebuild a stronger world after being broken by tragedy and without the hindrance of parents to force their ideals on them, but Grayson and the rest of the Family can defeat her, Dick affirming that Batman helps the Robins become their people who can avoid the mistakes he made in dealing with his trauma rather than Mother's belief that she and Batman each teach people to use their trauma to define themselves. After the storyline, Dick meets with the restored Batman, assuring Bruce that, unlike Mother, he never forced his ideas on them, but simply gave them all an example that they chose to emulate while avoiding following it so exactly that they became like him.
When theCourt of Owls plant a bomb inside Damian Wayne, they can blackmail Dick into officially joining their organization, although all sides are aware that Grayson intends to try and use his new position against them.[26] TheGrayson series ended in issue #20, wherein the final issue, it was revealed that all knowledge of Dick's identity was erased from most of the world with one of Spyral's satellites, allowing Dick to resume his superhero activities as Nightwing once again.[24]
Starting with theDC Rebirth relaunch in 2016, Dick returned to being Nightwing with his black and blue costume, his Spyral contacts having wiped all global evidence of his dual identity and the bomb removed from Damian. He uses his new skills and expertise in espionage moving forward.[27] Nightwing is prominently featured in two Rebirth books: the fourth volume ofNightwing, his solo book, andTitans, where Dick teams up with the other originalTeen Titans afterWally West returns to the universe; through Wally, Dick remembers events of his life beforeFlashpoint andThe New 52.[28] After the Titans are forcibly disbanded by the Justice League, Dick creates a new Titans team after the rupture of the Source Wall consisting of Donna Troy, Raven,Steel (Natasha Irons), Beast Boy, andMiss Martian.[29]
In his solo book, Dick is paired with a vigilante named Raptor and the two plan to bring down the Court of Owls from the inside. Barbara criticizes Dick's willingness to trust him and does not agree with his methods. Though Raptor seemed willing to play by Dick's rules of not killing, he tricks Dick into agreeing to a plan that results in the deaths of all of the Parliament of Owls in Sydney. After knocking Dick out, Raptor goes to Gotham and kidnaps Bruce during a conference. Nightwing confronts him alone in the ruins of a circus in Paris. Raptor reveals that he grew up in the circus as a child and fell in love with Dick's mother, Mary, as they stole from the rich and powerful in Paris. Raptor watched over Dick in the shadows as he grew up, and developed a hatred for Bruce Wayne as he represented everything he and Mary were against and felt it was dishonoring her memory to have Dick raised by him. Dick defeats Raptor and rescues Bruce in time.[27]
After joining forces with the pre-Flashpoint Superman to defeat the latest attack ofDoctor Destiny, Dick contemplates checking out Blüdhaven, based on Superman's reference to how the pre-Flashpoint Grayson acted as the city's guardian for a time, and ultimately decides to go there. While there he meets a supervillain rehabilitation group called the Run-Offs, all of which were villains he and Batman defeated in the past. He finds that most of them are being framed for crimes around the area and works with them to find the true culprits. After solving the case and clearing their names, Dick begins dating their leader Shawn Tsang, known as the former criminal the Defacer.[30] Shawn is kidnapped by Professor Pyg after Dick discovers she might be pregnant with his child, and he teams up with Damian to track Pyg down and rescue her. After Shawn is revealed not to be pregnant, she ultimately breaks up with Dick, who focuses his efforts on taking down criminals such as Blockbuster, the returning Raptor, the Judge, and Wyrm.[31][32][33][34][35]
During one of his nightly patrols with Batman, Nightwing is shot by KGBeast and nearly killed.[36] As a result, he suffered from severe memory loss and attempted to build a new life in Blüdhaven. He changed his name to Ric, gave up being Nightwing, and became a taxi driver that frequently went to bars. With Blüdhaven suffering from an increase in crime from the vigilante's absence, a detective named Sapienza comes across Dick's abandoned hideout in the subway and decides to become the new Nightwing. Sapienza recruits a team of his friends in law enforcement to help him, and together they make a team of Nightwings using Dick Grayson's old uniforms. In addition to Sapienza, the team consists of Malcolm Hutch, the deputy chief in the Blüdhaven fire department, Zak Edwards, the vice of the 10th precinct, and Colleen Edwards, detective of the 14th precinct.[37]
DuringYear of the Villain, Ric is captured by William Cobb, his grandfather who is aTalon. A brain surgeon that Bruce hired to take care of Dick after he was shot named Dr. Haas was secretly a member of the Court, who was using a mystical memory crystal to alter Dick's memories and eventually shape him into becoming a Talon himself. William Cobb forces Ric to wear goggles and puts Dick under his spell. As a Talon, Grayson fights off other Nightwing heroes. A Nightwing hero name Connor Red shoots at Grayson's mask, making his eye visible. Connor Red pleads for mercy saying he has a family, and as the sun comes up Dick Grayson suddenly breaks out of his grandfather's control. Dick Grayson starts to remember his adventures as Nightwing. Ric defeats Talon, and saves his girlfriend Bea.[38] Afterwards, he journeys to Switzerland to learn more answers about his past from Dr. Haas, who attempts to use the crystal to alter his memories once more. However, an explosion seemingly sends her down a river to her death while Ric can retrieve the memory crystal she used on him. During the "Joker War" storyline, the Joker steals the memory crystal and uses it to brainwash Grayson into believing he is the Joker's adopted son, "Dicky Boy" and turns him against the Bat Family in his latest war against Batman. After Barbara gets the crystal back, Bea uses it to allow him to fully regain his memories as Dick Grayson.[38][39]
Returning to his role as Blüdhaven's protector, Grayson is informed by Barbara Gordon that he has been bequeathed a fortune by Alfred Pennyworth, accumulated during his years of service to the Wayne family. He decides to use this newfound wealth to establish a philanthropic foundation to revitalize Blüdhaven, while continuing to fight corruption and crime as Nightwing. In both efforts, he is opposed by Blockbuster as well as a new villain, Heartless, who steals peoples' hearts to sustain his own life.[40] He is supported by Barbara, who reclaims her mantle as Batgirl;[41] Tim Drake, once again operating as Robin; the Titans;Jon Kent, who is publicly operating as Superman in his father's absence; and two unexpected new allies: the new mayor of Blüdhaven, who is his previously unknown half-sister,[40] and a three-legged pit bull puppy whom Grayson adopts, naming her "Haley" (although Drake immediately dubs her "Bitewing").[40]
Throughout his publication history, Grayson's reputation and prowess has been emphasized in various fields; the character's detective and investigative abilities has been remarked to be second toBatman and considered one of the best crime fighters on Earth.[42][43] He also has been expressed to have leadership abilities surpassing his mentor, second toSuperman in trustworthiness in the superhero community within theDC Universe,[44][11] and Batman's most proficient former protege trained in unarmed combat.[45] However, his reception and reputation have sometimes varied.[46]
Dick Grayson's second major love interest wasBarbara Gordon.[47] The daughter of Gotham City police commissionerJim Gordon, Barbara Gordon debuted as Batgirl inDetective Comics #359 (January 1967).[48] She and Dick shared their first kiss inBatman Family #1 (October 1975), when she was a congresswoman and he was working as her congressional aid. Their relationship was initially quite controversial, as Babs was in her mid-twenties and Dick was still a teenager.[49] InBatman Family #13 (September 1977), Dick confessed his then-unreciprocated feelings for Babs while she appeared to be sleeping.[50]
Following the events ofCrisis on Infinite Earths, Dick and Babs's controversial age gap was retconned, as was Babs's past as a congresswoman.[49] InNightwing #38 (December 1999) Dick and Babs, nowNightwing and Oracle, shared their first kiss since the 1970s. Throughout the course ofChuck Dixon'sNightwing run they developed a serious relationship, before breaking up inNightwing #87 (January 2004).[51]
DuringInfinite Crisis in 2006, Dick proposed and Babs accepted.[52] Their engagement ended amicably inNightwing Annual #2 (June 2007).[53] Despite the relatively low drama breakup, this issue remains controversial for its depiction of their relationship. Most notably, a flashback scene revealed that Dick had seduced Babs before inviting her to his wedding with his previous fiancéeKoriand'r.[54][55][56]
Beginning in theNew 52 Dick and Babs's relationship was increasingly flirtatious. By the beginning ofTim Seeley'sNightwing run duringDC Rebirth, they were casually dating. FollowingBatman andCatwoman's own failed engagement, Dick and Babs had a romantic getaway at the Kyle-Wayne honeymoon suite inBatgirl #25 (October 2018).[57] With the beginning ofTom Taylor's run inNightwing #78 (May 2021) Dick and Babs are in a serious relationship again, and adopted a three-leggedpit bull puppy named Haley.[58]
Despite their failed engagement, Dick and Babs have been married several times, including once in current continuity. InBatman Family #11 (June 1977) they staged a fake wedding to trap and arrest members of the criminal organization Maze.[59] In the pre-Flashpoint universe limited seriesConvergence: Nightwing/Oracle, they wed after defeating an evil alternate universeHawkman andHawkwoman.[60] Most recently they eloped duringDark Nights: Death Metal but the marriage was later annulled after neither of them died as previously anticipated.[61]
Dick Grayson's other major romantic love interest is hisTeen Titans teammateKoriand'r, also known as Starfire.[47] Following the break-up of the original Teen Titans in the 1970s, the New Teen Titans formed in 1980 afterRaven came to Dick in a dream. At their first official meeting inNew York City the team met Koriand'r, an alien princess turned refugee on the run from her slavers. Unable to speak English, Kory kissed Robin so that she could use her Tamaranian abilities to absorb his language via skin-to-skin contact. Despite this sparked first meeting, Dick initially rejected Kory's advances because he was dating thevampire Dala Vadim.[62]
Dick and Kory's romantic tension began to build after Dick and Dala's relationship ended inBatman #351 (September 1982).[63] InNew Teen Titans #26 (December 1982) Dick confessed his feelings for Kory and they went on their first date. Their relationship was passionate and relatively easygoing for the next four years untilNew Teen Titans #17 (February 1986), where Kory was called back to her home planet Tamaran and forced into a political marriage with the Tamaranian prince Karras.[64] Despite the marriage Kory eventually returned to Earth inNew Teen Titans #34 (August 1987), where she and Dick reconciled.[65] Kory's marriage formally ended inNew Teen Titans Annual #6 when Karras died in a battle against alien terrorists.[66]
Throughout the 1990s Dick and Kory began to encounter increasing relationship problems. These growing pains were further complicated inTeam Titans #2 (October 1992) when the shapeshifterMirage admitted to raping Dick while impersonating Kory.[67] InNew Titans #99 (July 1993) Dick proposed and Kory accepted.[68] At their wedding inNew Titans #100 (August 1993) Raven attacked Kory with a demonic seed, shattering her psyche. In her recovery from the attack, a Tamaranian healing ritual temporarily wiped Dick from Kory's memory. Their marriage was annulled inNew Titans #112 (July 1994) when she regained her memory and the relationship formally ended inNew Titans #114 (September 1994).[62]
Dick and Kory have been teammates on several occasions since their failed marriage. They were both on the first renewal of the Titans team in the 1999 run, withTitans #19 (September 2000) revealing that they were still in love with one another.[69] In 2003Jade invited Kory onto Nightwing'sOutsiders, where Kory and Dick had a sexual encounter inOutsiders #28 (November 2005).[70] At the beginning of the 2008Titans run Dick and Kory were dating again, but Dick ended the relationship inTitans #5 (October 2008).[71]Teen Titans Academy #2 (June 2021) implied that their relationship was still sexual, but no longer romantic.[72] Since 2022 they have returned to being just friends.
Before his first long-term relationship withKoriand'r in the 1980s, Dick Grayson's romances were sporadic, episodic, and often unrequited. For example, Dick had a brief crush onAlfred Pennyworth's niece Daphne Pennyworth inBatman #216 (November 1969).[73] Other adolescent characters, like the firstBat-Girl (Bette Kane), harbored obvious crushes on Robin but he never reciprocated. While attendingHudson University in the 1970s Dick dated two classmates, Terri Bergstrom and Lori Elton, with both relationships ending within a year of the characters' first appearances.[74]
In between his engagements to Koriand'r andBarbara Gordon he had several short-term love interests. During the events ofBatman: No Man's Land, Nightwing andHuntress had a one-night stand inNightwing/Huntress #3 (July 1998).[75] Their brief fling was revisited inNightwing #28 (February 1999) andDetective Comics #1050 (March 2022).[76] Dick's inability to maintain romantic relationships has been a reoccurring source of conflict since the 1990s. Flashbacks inNightwing #133 (August 2007) revealed that he had lost his virginity to Liu, an adult gang member affiliated with the mob boss "Metal Eddie" Huang, when he wasseventeen years old. Narration implied that this was the source of his commitment issues, with Dick wondering "Is she why I've never been able to commit? Why it's so easy for me to say 'I love you...' but not 'I need you'?"[77]
Beginning inNightwing #71 (September 2002)Tarantula emerged as a frequent collaborator and one-sided love interest while Nightwing was establishing himself as the primary hero ofBlüdhaven. Infamously Tarantula raped him inNightwing #93 (July 2004) after killingBlockbuster.[78] This issue was poorly received by fans[79] and gained further notoriety after writerDevin Grayson controversially stated "I've never used the word 'rape'. I just said it was nonconsensual."[80] (Devin Grayson has since retracted this statement and apologized.)[81]
While possessing no super-powers, his natural abilities and advanced technology mark Dick Grayson as being a renowned crime fighter;[43] a natural prodigious athlete, Grayson is considered both an expert aerialist and acrobat from his training at a young age as an aerialist and later from Batman's rigorous training as sidekick and protégé as Robin.[44] In combat, while Batman is his primary trainer, he has also received instruction in combat fromWildcat andRichard Dragon.[82] A highly-skilled martial artist whom blends each of his fighting styles to get the better of opponents,[83][84] Grayson has mastered over a half-dozen styles while favoringSavate andEscrima.[85] Other styles he is proficient in includesJudo,[83]Aikido,[83]Capoeira,[83]Kung Fu,[83]Jeet Kune Do,[86] andKarate.[84] Additionally, Grayson is considered a world-class detective with expertise onforensic science andcriminology, holding a degree in the former.[43][34]
A knownsuperlative leader and tactician, the character is renowned for his trustworthy character among the superhero community in theDC Universe, having led numerous superhero teams.[44][87] Grayson is also skilled in reading the body language of others with acute attention to detail, able to mentally noting discrepancies such as blink rates, underdeveloped skills, and signs of nervousness.[88][18] He also uses this skill in tandem to his leadership abilities.[44] Grayson has also received extensive espionage training fromHelena Bertinelli.[24] Among Grayson's other repertoire of skills includesdisguise,[89] computer hacking, and escape artistry.[43]
The character's resources has varied overtime; due to his affiliation with Batman and connection to his alter-ego's wealth and companies (i.eWayneTech), Grayson's resources are frequently shared with his mentor and other members of the Batman family.[24][27] In portrayals emphasizing his independence, the character has had a sizeable trust fund managed by financial expertLucius Fox able to maintain his equipment, rights to Haly's Circus, and (covert) ownership of his apartment building inBlüdhaven.[90] He has also once inherited a sizeable fortune fromAlfred Pennyworth upon his death.[91]
As Nightwing, he is typically armed with twinEskrima sticks made from an unbreakable polymer. He also carries several dozen modifiedbatarangs (called wing-dings) along with de-cel jump lines and gas capsules.[85]
Dick Grayson's Robin costume alluded to theAmerican robin andRobin Hood. The cape was alternately depicted as yellow or green. The costume also featuredcrakow-style shoes, which some artists would discard from the portrayal.Dick Grayson's Nightwing costume was made of a version of theNomex fire-resistant, triple-weaveKevlar-lined material. It was excellent protection against damage and was also insulated against electricity. Specifically tailored to his style of fighting, Nightwing's costume had fewer body-armor inlays than Batman's, anticipating a decreased need for shock absorption and an increased capacity for motion. Against opponents, both fast and strong, Nightwing had supplemental body-armor overlays that he could attach to his gauntlets, boots, shoulders, and mask. Instead of a black cape to keep him hidden, which Grayson dislikes wearing,[92][93] the suit was light-sensitive, darkening when there was more light in the area. The mask, in the form of his symbol, was fixed in place withspirit gum, and included a built-inradio transmitter/receiver and Starlitenight vision lenses. The third costume, with its stylized blue "wing" across his shoulders and extending to his hands, coloring his two middle fingers over a black bodysuit, made its first appearance inNightwing: Ties That Bind #2 (October 1995), and was designed by the cover artist Brian Stelfreeze. His suit was also equipped with wings that allow him to glide.
As Batman, hisBatsuit featured a lighter cape to accommodate his more acrobatic fighting style[92] and autility belt with a bat-shaped buckle.[94] He also developed "para-capes" for his and Damian's costumes which gave them the ability to glide.[94] Grayson is noticeably shorter than Bruce Wayne.[93]
Post-Flashpoint with his return to Nightwing, Dick wore a similar suit, albeit with the blue "wing" being red throughout the New 52. Previously in the New 52's continuity as Nightwing, he formerly owned an armored suit which was blue and yellow, resembling a modern take on his previous first costume in the previous continuity, and another that was an armored suit that sported a red bat symbol, which is currently being used byJason Todd though slightly modified for Jason's taste.[95] Formerly before having to leave the Nightwing mantle postForever Evil, his suit was made up of sturdy but flexible material that not only suited his strength in speed and acrobatics but also was durable enough to take bullets from machine guns. His former costume was a stylized red "wing" across his shoulders and extending to his hands, coloring his two middle fingers over a black torso and legs. He also has gauntlets much like Batman's own suit. Nightwing's costume is tailored specifically to his unique style of crime-fighting. He also has variants of his costume in which one of his stylized red "wings" reach only to his shoulders, another to his wrists, and one which has hip and finger stripes.
Some versions of Dick's story as Nightwing do not make clear whether the public at large knows that the first Robin is now Nightwing, or whether he is simply an entirely new hero. Ametafictional foreword (said to have been made by a future historian) to a trade paperback for "A Death In The Family" claimed that the public at large always thought there was just one Robin. Inversions that do address it, Dick and Bruce seem to want to spread the belief that Nightwing started his career as an adult, the better to hide their true identities. The seriesGrayson seems to indicate that the public does not know, asMidnighter did not think to study Robin's techniques in preparation for his fight with Grayson, an advantage the latter exploited.[24]
During his time as Agent 37 for Spyral, Dick uses identity-protection implants that ensure that neither cameras nor the memory of e.g. target persons can capture his face. He also was incorporated with a pair of hypnotic contact lenses which Dick used to mind control someone if they looked directly into his eye. Additionally, he still carries a pair of Escrima Sticks. He was required to carry a gun as part of Spyral protocol.[1]
Starting with Rebirth, Dick returns to being Nightwing, once again in black and blue. The "wing" is replaced by a thinner, V-shaped bird that starts at the chest and goes up to the shoulders and around to the back. His domino mask is now blue instead of black. The shins and calves of his legs feature a big "swish" of blue. He wears a black leather strap and buckles on each of his forearms. This redesign intends to harken back to the iconic black-and-blue look of the third Nightwing costume introduced in 1995, maintain the simplicity of the aforementioned iconic look, creating a more visible-bird symbol, while also highlighting Dick's face with a lighter-colored mask and legs which can allow for more dynamic art when he is in motion.[27]
In the Amalgam Universe, Dick was combined with the Marvel characterMoon Knight and becameMoonwing. He was aS.H.I.E.L.D. agent who selected Jason Todd as his successor when he temporarily left S.H.I.E.L.D. to attend college. As Moonwing, Jason made a careless mistake, which resulted in a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent's death, causing him to be dismissed from S.H.I.E.L.D. Jason became furious and blamed his mentors. He was then caught in an explosion when the villain Hyena detonated a bomb intended to kill Director Bruce Wayne and theDark Claw. Despite his body never being recovered, S.H.I.E.L.D. presumed he was dead, but he survived and his body was recovered byHydra, who replaced his damaged body parts with robotic parts, transforming him intoDeathlok. He then participated in a coup to helpMadame Cat overthrow the Supreme Leader of Hydra,Lex Luthor a.k.a. the Green Skull. Afterward, he swore allegiance to her. Later, when S.H.I.E.L.D. agents launched an attack on Hydra's base, Deathlok was sent to confront them, where he spotted his former mentor, Moonwing, and attacked him from behind. He then revealed that he has been waiting a long time to kill both Dick and Bruce. He then unmasked Moonwing and accused him and Bruce of abandoning him. He then began strangling Dick, but before he could kill him ColonelNick Fury andSergeant Joe Rock commandeered an aircraft and shot Deathlok several times in the back. Despite feeling sorry for Jason, Dick left Jason to die again so he could continue the attack on the Hydra base.[96]
In the Elseworlds mini-seriesKingdom Come, a middle-aged Dick Grayson reclaims the Robin mantle asRed Robin and takes over his mentor's position on the Justice League. He also has a daughter,Nightstar (Mar'i Grayson), whom he fathered with Starfire. Nightstar aligns herself with Batman's Outsiders and is romantically involved with his andTalia al Ghul's son, Ibn al Xu'ffasch. After Ibn and Mari marry, they have a daughter and son, and thus Dick and Bruce Wayne become in-laws and grandfathers of their respective progenies' children. Dick and Bruce reconcile at the end of the story.
In the Elseworlds mini-seriesJLA: The Nail, Dick Grayson (as Robin), along withBarbara Gordon (as Batgirl), is tortured to death by the Joker with hisKryptonian gauntlets, driving Batman temporarily insane after he witnesses their ordeals and demise. The grief-stricken hero then kills the Joker for revenge. Later, in the sequelJLA: Another Nail, Dick returns as a spirit after the Joker escapes from Hell. He helps Batman defeat the villain once and for all, and seeing Dick is at peace after his death gives Batman the strength to move on.
In the 2000 limited seriesBatman Beyond,Terry McGinnis faces a new incarnation ofHush, who is revealed to be a clone of Dick Grayson created byProject Cadmus. After Hush's defeat, Dick becomes asupporting character as Terry tries to protect his identity from a detective threatening to expose him. Meanwhile, Dick navigates a complicated relationship with Barbara Gordon, who had a past with Bruce Wayne and suffered a miscarriage. InBatman Beyond 2.0, Terry works under Dick, who emphasizes the importance of family. In the rebooted timeline, Dick is the mayor of Blüdhaven and has a daughter named Elaina, who becomes Batwoman.[97][98][99][100]
In the alternate timeline of theFlashpoint event, Dick Grayson is anacrobat in the Haley Circus alongsideBoston Brand. After receiving a vision fromDoctor Fate, Boston tries to persuade Dick to perform solo, but Dick prioritizes family over fame. During an attack by theAmazons, Dick's mother is injured, and his father is fatally wounded, making Boston promise to protect Dick. After escaping the attack, Dick survives an explosion that kills Boston, who becomes a ghostly guide for him. Dick ultimately takes on the mantle of Doctor Fate, using his powers to defeat the Amazons, includingStarfire, and realizing he is not alone.[101][102][103]
On Earth 2, Dick Grayson is a journalist who is forced to live in a survival camp with his son John and his wife Barbara Gordon due to an invasion ofParademons. After the fatal shooting of his wife, the disappearance of his son, and the death of the second Batman, Dick becomes the third Batman of Earth 2 where he attempts to diminish crime following the end ofConvergence. He is later reunited with John, who in turn becomes the new Robin of Earth 2. Later, Dick becomes a wheelchair user and adopts a new alias as Oracle whileHelena Wayne becomes the fourth Batman with John fighting by her side as her Robin.
In the alternate world ofInjustice: Gods Among Us, Dick Grayson remains loyal to Batman's ideals while Superman adopts a more authoritarian approach to crime-fighting. When Superman plans to take control ofArkham Asylum, Dick joins Batman to stop him but is accidentally killed byDamian Wayne during a confrontation. This death strains Batman's relationship with Damian, leading Bruce to declare Dick as his true son. In subsequent stories, Dick's spirit is called upon byDeadman, allowing him to investigate events from beyond the grave. He expresses no regrets about his life and shares a bond of love with Bruce. As the story progresses, Dick returns to watch over Damian, recognizing the young hero's potential but also his reckless behavior.
Dick Grayson is first seen going off to college in a scene set in 1949, after working with Batman for almost ten years, going on to become a lawyer in New York. At some point between 1959 and 1969, Dick takes on the mantle of Batman with Bruce Wayne Jr. as Robin after Bruce is forced to retire due to old age. Dick is killed by the Joker's latest scheme in 1969, with Bruce Jr. taking Dick's costume so the legacy of Batman can live on, claiming that the Joker 'merely' killed Robin. InSuperman/Batman: Generations 2, Dick's ghost begins haunting the Joker in 1975. With the help of Deadman,Doctor Occult, and the ghost of Alfred Pennyworth, Dick and Alfred go into the light, Alfred convincing Dick that tormenting the Joker can serve no purpose but to risk Dick's soul, now that the Joker is so close to dying of natural causes.
In the comic book continuation of the television seriesSmallville, Dick is Barbara Gordon's boyfriend, who becomes her successor as Nightwing and Batman's replacement partner after she becomes aBlue Lantern. Unlike previous depictions, Dick was never Bruce Wayne's ward and protégé as Robin and has referred that he was a former circus acrobat-turned-police officer before becoming Batman's new partner, in the ranks of detectives within the Gotham City Police Department.[104]
In this alternate reality, Nightwing ends a conflict among superpowered beings by activating a device that depowers 90% of them, leading to a future where superpowers are outlawed. Though his identity is exposed, Dick Grayson is celebrated as a hero and becomes the leader of a government task force called The Crusaders, tasked with hunting down super-powered individuals. He raises his son, Jake, who inherits Starfire's powers, creating tension between them due to the oppressive system Dick helped establish. After teaming up with the Titans to help Jake escape, Dick ultimately decides to support the restoration of superpowers. He spends his later years teaching super-powered children, and Jake eventually honors his father by naming his own son Richard.[105]
In an alternate timeline whereBooster Gold prevents the murder ofThomas andMartha Wayne, Gotham has become a war zone of criminals and the Joker has become a sort of terrorist with no one to stop him. Dick Grayson is the one and only Batman who uses lethal force.
An elseworld in which multiple prominent heroes including Wonder Woman and Superman are turned into vampires. The secret vampire king is finally revealed to be Dick Grayson in issue #6 where he reveals his identity and kills Batman, Red Robin, and Red Hood.
Since his first appearance, Robin (Dick Grayson) has constantly been referred to as one of the "greatest sidekicks of all time" and the "greatest superhero sidekick of all time" and since has ascended to the status of aglobal pop culture phenomenon, like hisfather/mentor.The Guardian describes Robin as a way for younger people to tap into superhero fantasy. While young heroes such as Spider-Man also serve a younger audience, there is something special about sidekicks, and there’s something even more special about Robin. To be part of an 80-year history, to be chosen and trained by the Batman, one of the most recognisable figures in pop culture, and become instantly recognisable in his own right … few characters come close to Robin’s legacy. Few superheroes have so much potential to be more inclusive, too, since very few mantles are passed on as often.[106][107]
Dick Grayson appears in multiple television (live-action and animated) series, films, video games, and radio-related to DC superheroes.
reunited team of Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely.... And who exactly are the new Batman and Robin?
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