Restoration ofD. tridactylumSkull, University of California Museum of Paleontology
Diceratherium was named by Marsh (1875) based on the type speciesDiceratherium armatum. It was assigned toRhinocerotidae by Marsh (1875) and Carroll (1988); toDiceratheriinae by Prothero (1998); toAceratheriinae by Weidmann and Ginsburg (1999); and toTeleoceratini by Sach and Heizmann (2001).[4][5]
Diceratherium had twohorns side by side on its nose, which has often led it to be confused withMenoceras.[6] This forked horn was asexually dimorphic feature inDiceratherium and its relatives.[7]
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A full-body mold of aDiceratherium exists as an impression in a cliff on the shore ofBlue Lake nearCoulee City,Washington.[8] The impression is a lava cast that is thought to be of a mature individual that died in a shallow lake and was rapidly buried by abasalt flow during the mid-Miocene (about 15 million years ago), creating a three-dimensional mold of its body.[9] The mold formed a rhinoceros-shaped cave on exposed rocks belonging to theColumbia River Basalt Group, which was first discovered by twoSeattle couples searching forpetrified wood in 1935, who also discovered remnant bones of the animal.[10][11] A replica of the "rhinoceros cave" was created by researchers from theUniversity of California Museum of Paleontology in 1948 and later donated to theBurke Museum, where it is on display.[12][13][14]
^R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York 1-698
^V. J. Sach and E. P. J. Heizmann. 2001. Stratigraphy and mammal faunas of the Brackwassermolasse in the surroundings of Ulm (Southwest Germany). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 310:1-95
^D.R. Prothero"Rhinocerotidae" C.M. Janis, K.M. Scott, L. Jacobs (Eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1998), pp. 595-605
