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Dibenzepin

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chemical compound
Pharmaceutical compound
Dibenzepin
Skeletal formula of dibenzepin
Space-filling model of the dibenzepin molecule
Clinical data
Trade namesNoveril, Anslopax, Deprex, Ecatril, Neodit, Victoril
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
Routes of
administration
Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • BR: Class C1 (Other controlled substances)[1]
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability25%
Protein binding80%
MetabolismHepatic
Eliminationhalf-life5 hours
ExcretionUrine (80%),feces (20%)
Identifiers
  • 10-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-5-methyl-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-11(10H)-one
CAS Number
PubChemCID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC18H21N3O
Molar mass295.386 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C2c1c(cccc1)N(c3c(N2CCN(C)C)cccc3)C
  • InChI=1S/C18H21N3O/c1-19(2)12-13-21-17-11-7-6-10-16(17)20(3)15-9-5-4-8-14(15)18(21)22/h4-11H,12-13H2,1-3H3 checkY
  • Key:QPGGEKPRGVJKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Dibenzepin, sold under the brand nameNoveril among others, is atricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used widely throughoutEurope for the treatment ofdepression.[2][3][4] It has similar efficacy and effects relative to other TCAs likeimipramine but with fewerside effects.[5][6][7][8]

Medical uses

[edit]

Dibenzepin is used mainly in the treatment ofmajor depressive disorder.

Like other TCAs, dibenzepin may have potential use in the treatment of chronicneuropathic pain.

Overdose

[edit]
Main article:Tricyclic antidepressant overdose

As TCAs have a relatively narrow therapeutic index, the likelihood ofoverdose (both accidental and intentional) is fairly high and should be considered carefully by the prescribing physician prior to patient use. Symptoms of overdose are similar to those of other TCAs, with cardiac toxicity (due to inhibition of sodium and calcium channels) generally occurring before the threshold forserotonin syndrome is reached. Due to this risk, TCAs are rarely selected as the first-line treatment for depression.

Pharmacology

[edit]

Pharmacodynamics

[edit]
See also:Pharmacology of antidepressants andTricyclic antidepressant § Binding profiles
Dibenzepin[9]
SiteKi (nM)SpeciesRef
SERTTooltip Serotonin transporterNDNDND
NETTooltip Norepinephrine transporterNDND[10]
DATTooltip Dopamine transporter>100,000Rat[11]
5-HT1A>10,000Rat[12]
5-HT2A≥1,500Rat[12]
5-HT2CNDNDND
α1>10,000Rat[12]
α2>10,000Rat[12]
DA>10,000Bovine[12]
H123Human[13]
H21,950Human[13]
H3>100,000Human[13]
H4>100,000Human[13]
mAChTooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor1,750Rat[12][14]
Values are Ki (nM). The smaller the value, the more strongly the drug binds to the site.

Dibenzepin acts as aselectivenorepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI), with similarpotency to that ofimipramine.[10] It is also a potentantihistamine.[12][13] The drug has weak or negligible effects onserotonin anddopaminereuptake.[15][11] Unlike many other TCAs, dibenzepin has noantiadrenergic (α1,α2),antiserotonergic (5-HT1A,5-HT2A), orantidopaminergic effects and has few or noanticholinergic (mAChTooltip muscarinic acetylcholine receptor) effects.[12][14]

Pharmacokinetics

[edit]

Therapeutic levels of dibenzepin are approximately 85 to 850 nM.[13] Itsplasma protein binding is approximately 80%.[16]

History

[edit]

Dibenzepin was first introduced, inSwitzerland andWest Germany, in 1965.[3] It was introduced inFrance in 1967, inItaly in 1968, in theUnited Kingdom in 1970, and inJapan in 1975.[3] It was also marketed in a number of other countries, includingPortugal andIsrael.[3]

Society and culture

[edit]

Brand names

[edit]

Dibenzepin is or was marketed mainly under the brand name Noveril.[3] It has also been marketed under a number of other brand names, including Ansiopax, Deprex, Ecatril, Neodit, and Victoril.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Anvisa (2023-03-31)."RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese).Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04).Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved2023-08-16.
  2. ^Swiss Pharmaceutical Society (2000).Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory (Book with CD-ROM). Boca Raton: Medpharm Scientific Publishers.ISBN 3-88763-075-0.
  3. ^abcdefSittig M (1988).Pharmaceutical manufacturing encyclopedia. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Publications.ISBN 0-8155-1144-2.
  4. ^Beresewicz M, Bidzińska E, Koszewska I, Puzyński S (1991). "[Results of using tricyclic antidepressive drugs in the treatment of endogenous depression (comparative analysis of 7 drugs)]".Psychiatria Polska (in Polish).25 (3–4):13–8.PMID 1687987.
  5. ^"Novartis (dibenzepin) - Prescribing Information"(PDF).
  6. ^Paloucek FP, Leikin JB (2007).Poisoning and Toxicology Handbook, Fourth Edition (Poisoning and Toxicology Handbook (Leiken & Paloucek's)). Informa Healthcare.ISBN 978-1-4200-4479-9.
  7. ^Gowardman M, Brown RA (March 1976). "Dibenzepin and amitriptyline in depressive states: comparative double-blind trial".The New Zealand Medical Journal.83 (560):194–7.PMID 6928.
  8. ^Baron DP, Unger HR, Williams HE, Knight RG (April 1976). "A double blind study of the antidepressants dibenzepin (Noveril) and amitriptyline".The New Zealand Medical Journal.83 (562):273–4.PMID 8749.
  9. ^Roth BL, Driscol J."PDSP Ki Database".Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the United States National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved14 August 2017.
  10. ^abBarth N, Manns M, Muscholl E (1975). "Arrhythmias and inhibition of noradrenaline uptake caused by tricyclic antidepressants and chlorpromazine on the isolated perfused rabbit heart".Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol.288 (2–3):215–31.doi:10.1007/bf00500528.PMID 1161046.S2CID 11641400.
  11. ^abHyttel J (1978). "Inhibition of [3H]dopamine accumulation in rat striatal synaptosomes by psychotropic drugs".Biochem. Pharmacol.27 (7):1063–8.doi:10.1016/0006-2952(78)90159-4.PMID 656154.
  12. ^abcdefghClosse A, Jaton AL (1984). "Investigation of the influence of lithium upon the down-regulation of serotonin2 receptors in rat frontal cortex induced by long-term treatment with dibenzepin, an antidepressant without appreciable affinity to serotonin2 receptors".Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol.326 (4):291–3.doi:10.1007/bf00501432.PMID 6148707.S2CID 24925602.
  13. ^abcdefAppl H, Holzammer T, Dove S, Haen E, Strasser A, Seifert R (2012). "Interactions of recombinant human histamine H1R, H2R, H3R, and H4R receptors with 34 antidepressants and antipsychotics".Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol.385 (2):145–70.doi:10.1007/s00210-011-0704-0.PMID 22033803.S2CID 14274150.
  14. ^abRehavi M, Maayani S, Goldstein L, Assael M, Sokolovsky M (1977). "Antimuscarinic properties of antidepressants: dibenzepin (Noveril)".Psychopharmacology.54 (1):35–8.doi:10.1007/bf00426538.PMID 20647.S2CID 27031652.
  15. ^Rao ML, Frahnert C, Zagorski O (2002). "Initial serotonin transport into viable platelets and imipramine binding to platelet membranes".J Neural Transm (Vienna).109 (5–6):547–56.doi:10.1007/s007020200045.PMID 12111448.S2CID 9703461.
  16. ^Aldenhoff J (2007)."Medikamente und andere Behandlungsverfahren".Psychiatrische Therapie. Schattauer Verlag. pp. 270–.ISBN 978-3-7945-2189-0.

External links

[edit]
SSRIsTooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
SNRIsTooltip Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
NRIsTooltip Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
NDRIsTooltip Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors
NaSSAsTooltip Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants
SARIsTooltip Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors
SMSTooltip Serotonin modulator and stimulators
Others
TCAsTooltip Tricyclic antidepressants
TeCAsTooltip Tetracyclic antidepressants
Others
Non-selective
MAOATooltip Monoamine oxidase A-selective
MAOBTooltip Monoamine oxidase B-selective
Miscellaneous
H1
Agonists
Antagonists
H2
Agonists
Antagonists
H3
Agonists
Antagonists
H4
Agonists
Antagonists
DATTooltip Dopamine transporter
(DRIsTooltip Dopamine reuptake inhibitors)
NETTooltip Norepinephrine transporter
(NRIsTooltip Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors)
SERTTooltip Serotonin transporter
(SRIsTooltip Serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
VMATsTooltip Vesicular monoamine transporters
Others
Classes
Antidepressants
(Tricyclic antidepressants(TCAs))
Antihistamines
Antipsychotics
Anticonvulsants
Anticholinergics
Others
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