Dezhou 德州市 Tehchow | |
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 Dezhou Xinhu view from Diecuishan   DongFeng Road   Dezhou TianQu-Xinqu | |
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 location of Dezhou in Shandong | |
| Coordinates (Dezhou municipal government):37°26′10″N116°21′32″E / 37.436°N 116.359°E /37.436; 116.359 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| County-level divisions | 11 |
| Municipal seat | Decheng District |
| Government | |
| • CPC Secretary | Wu Cuiyun (吴翠云) |
| • Mayor | Chen Fei |
| Area | |
| 10,361 km2 (4,000 sq mi) | |
| Population (2019)[1] | |
| 5,748,500 | |
| • Density | 550/km2 (1,400/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 986,192 |
| • Metro | 986,192 |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 338 billion US$ 51 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 58,252 US$ 8,803 |
| Time zone | UTC+08:00 (China Standard) |
| Area code | 0534 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SD-14 |
| License Plate Prefix | 鲁N |
| Website | dz |
Dezhou (Chinese:德州;pinyin:Dézhōu) is aprefecture-level city in northwesternShandong province,People's Republic of China. It borders the provincial capital ofJinan to the southeast,Liaocheng to the southwest,Binzhou to the northeast, and the province ofHebei to the north.
In 1417, the pre-sultanate East King ofSulu,Paduka Pahala, sailed to China on a tribute mission to theYongle Emperor. While on his way home from the mission, he died in Dezhou, and his two sons and wife were left in the care ofHui people in the city.[3] The two families descended from the two sons were given the surnames An and Wen by the Ming dynasty. They lived through the Ming and Qing dynasties, and still live in Dezhou today.[4]
Soon after,Sharif ul-Hāshim of Sulu arrived in Sulu and married a princess of the previous non-Hashemite royal family, founding theSulu Sultanate. Since then, variousTausūg delegations from Sulu have visited Dezhou to meet the descendants of the previous royal family.[citation needed]
While on a boat in Dezhou, on 5 April 1748[a], theQianlong Emperor's first empress,Empress Xiaoxianchun, died at the age of 37.[5] The circumstances of her death are not well documented by historical sources.[6]
Themunicipality of Dezhou comprises thirteencounty-level sub divisions:[7]
Cities (县级市xianji shi) administered by Dezhou are:
Counties (县xian) administered by Dezhou are:
| Map |
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| Climate data for Dezhou, elevation 25 m (82 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) | 23.1 (73.6) | 30.2 (86.4) | 33.7 (92.7) | 39.0 (102.2) | 41.1 (106.0) | 42.6 (108.7) | 37.0 (98.6) | 37.0 (98.6) | 32.3 (90.1) | 26.6 (79.9) | 17.7 (63.9) | 42.6 (108.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) | 7.3 (45.1) | 15.1 (59.2) | 21.3 (70.3) | 27.5 (81.5) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.4 (90.3) | 30.8 (87.4) | 27.2 (81.0) | 21.4 (70.5) | 12.5 (54.5) | 5.3 (41.5) | 19.7 (67.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) | 2.1 (35.8) | 9.2 (48.6) | 15.3 (59.5) | 21.8 (71.2) | 26.4 (79.5) | 27.7 (81.9) | 26.3 (79.3) | 21.8 (71.2) | 15.6 (60.1) | 7.3 (45.1) | 0.5 (32.9) | 14.4 (57.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.0 (23.0) | −1.9 (28.6) | 4.3 (39.7) | 10.1 (50.2) | 16.6 (61.9) | 21.3 (70.3) | 23.8 (74.8) | 22.7 (72.9) | 17.7 (63.9) | 11.1 (52.0) | 3.3 (37.9) | −3.2 (26.2) | 10.1 (50.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −17.4 (0.7) | −12.6 (9.3) | −6.9 (19.6) | −0.7 (30.7) | 5.8 (42.4) | 10.5 (50.9) | 17.2 (63.0) | 14.5 (58.1) | 5.8 (42.4) | −1.4 (29.5) | −10.7 (12.7) | −16.1 (3.0) | −17.4 (0.7) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 2.9 (0.11) | 8.6 (0.34) | 8.0 (0.31) | 25.0 (0.98) | 39.7 (1.56) | 70.3 (2.77) | 152.0 (5.98) | 137.6 (5.42) | 45.4 (1.79) | 28.7 (1.13) | 15.5 (0.61) | 3.2 (0.13) | 536.9 (21.13) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.6 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 10.9 | 9.4 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 2.1 | 62.1 |
| Average snowy days | 3.1 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 10.8 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 57 | 54 | 50 | 55 | 58 | 60 | 75 | 78 | 70 | 64 | 64 | 61 | 62 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 155.4 | 161.6 | 218.2 | 239.8 | 267.9 | 236.7 | 197.6 | 200.0 | 199.1 | 193.7 | 156.9 | 150.2 | 2,377.1 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 50 | 52 | 59 | 61 | 61 | 54 | 44 | 48 | 54 | 56 | 52 | 51 | 54 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[9][10] | |||||||||||||
TheYellow River and theGrand Canal both run through Dezhou, making it an important hub for cargo transit since ancient times. In antiquity, it was described as "Junction of Nine Arteries" (九达天衢) and "Portal of the Capital" (神京门户).
Dezhou is on the Shijiazhuang-Dezhou railway, theShijiazhuang–Ji'nan railway, theBeijing–Shanghai railway, and theBeijing–Shanghai railway. In addition, a small single-track railway connects Dezhou withDongying.
The main expressway passing Dezhou is theG3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway, running north–south from it. Other highways include the Dezhou–Shanghai Expressway, National Highway 104, and National Highway 105, offering connections in other directions.
G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway passes through the Laoling urban area and Linyi, making Laoling a sub-center of Dezhou.[11]
Dezhou's biggest historical attraction is the tomb ofSultan Paduka Pahala ofSulu (Philippines), who died in Dezhou on his return journey from a visit to theYongle Emperor in 1417.[3] The tomb is well preserved and has been declared a national heritage site. Descendants of the sultan'sMuslim followers still live in Dezhou today, and are classified as theHui minority.
One of Dezhou's county Lingxian used to be a big county in China in history, when it was called Pingyuan County. Now part of the ancient city wall of Tang Dynasty still exists in the south of the region. Before theThree Kingdoms formed, one of the three emperorsLiu Bei used to be the chief of the county, together with his fellows Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. In addition, it is the hometown ofDongfang Shuo, the most well-known adviser during the reign ofEmperor Wu of Han. In the Tang Dynasty, a major figure of Chinese calligraphy,Yan Zhenqing, once took office as the administrator of the county. Today, a memorial hall for the two historic figures is built in the People's Park of Lingxian, where a lot of materials of Dongfang Shuo and stone inscriptions of Yan Zhenqing are preserved.
For tourist attractions, there is also a famous temple in Qingyun County. It is called Haidao Jinshan Temple, which is one of the biggest centers ofBuddhism in Northern China. The most attractive scene is the underground aisle where the portrait of the hell is presented using high technology.
A new industrial zone hailed as the "Solar Valley" is being built for experimenting with clean-energy urban projects and massive use of household utilities such as solar-powered water-heaters. The Washington Post describes Dezhou's Solar Valley as the "clean-tech version of Silicon Valley".[12]
Nowadays one of the biggest and most famous industries in Dezhou is solar energy industry, with two main corporations included—Himin Group (皇明集团) and its partner Ecco Solar Group (亿家能集团). Dezhou increased its international reputation when it was selected to follow previous hosts,[13] Daegu, South Korea (2004),Oxford, UK (2006) andAdelaide,Australia (2008) as host of the 2010 International Solar City Congress.[14] Himin Group has developed into the world's largest solar water heater manufacturer and is also discovering new areas such asphotoelectricity.
Greenpeace China cited Dezhou in May 2009 as an example of howrenewable energy can become a more common reality throughout the world.[15]
Dezhou houses the world's largest solar-powered office building, covering around 75,000 square meters.[16][17] Dezhou also has semiconductor and sports equipment manufacturing industries.[18] China's largest seasoning production base is located in Laoling, Dezhou.[19]
Major cities along theYellow River | ||
|---|---|---|
| Province-level subdivisions | Cities (from upper reaches to lower reaches) |  |
| Gansu | ||
| Ningxia | ||
| Inner Mongolia | ||
| Shanxi | ||
| Shaanxi | ||
| Henan | ||
| Shandong | ||
| National | |
|---|---|
| Geographic | |
