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| Part of theactivist deportations in the second Trump presidency | |
 Mahdawi in May 2025 | |
| Date | April 14, 2025 |
|---|---|
| Location | St. Albans, Vermont,United States[1] |
| Cause | Pro-Palestinian activism at Columbia University |
| Participants | U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement |
| Arrests | Mohsen Mahdawi |
Thedetention of Mohsen Mahdawi arose from his activism in support ofPalestinians and in opposition to theGaza war as a student atColumbia University, which motivated theU.S. State Department to initiate deportation proceedings, claiming that his actions harm U.S. foreign policy. TheU.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) arrangedMahdawi's apprehension at theU.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) office inColchester, Vermont, where USCIS had scheduled an interview for him toobtain U.S. citizenship. He was detained on April 14, 2025.[2][3][4]
Mahdawi's legal team immediately filed ahabeas corpus petition againstDonald Trump and his administration, describing his detention as unlawful.[5] His lawyers requested a temporaryrestraining order to prevent him from being transferred out of Vermont by federal authorities. Vermont federal judgeWilliam K. Sessions III granted the request and ordered that Mahdawi remain in Vermont.[4] Vermont federal judgeGeoffrey W. Crawford extended the request on April 23.[6]
On April 30, 2025, federal judgeGeoffrey W. Crawford in Vermont ordered the release of Mahdawi, stating that "the two weeks of detention so far demonstrate great harm to a person who has been charged with no crime."[7][8]
Mohsen Mahdawi is a third-generationPalestinian refugee[9] from theFar'arefugee camp, where he lived until 2014.[10] Mahdawi said that, in his childhood in theIsraeli-occupiedWest Bank, he saw his best friend—then 12 years old—shot and killed by an Israeli soldier.[11][12] He also said an Israeli soldier shot him in the leg when he was 15.[5][13]
In 2014, Mahdawi moved to the United States, and in 2015 he became a legalpermanent resident with agreen card.[3] He enrolled atLehigh University inPennsylvania in 2018 to studycomputer science, before transferring toColumbia University'sSchool of General Studies to studyphilosophy.[5][14] He was expected to graduate in May 2025,[14] and was accepted into amaster's program at Columbia'sSchool of International and Public Affairs.[3]
Following the outbreak of theGaza war in October 2023, Mahdawi led and helped organizepro-Palestinian protests at Columbia University.[3] In a December 2023 interview with60 Minutes, he has said that Israel wascommitting genocide in Gaza and that he wanted a peaceful end to theIsraeli–Palestinian conflict.[14][11][12][4] Mahdawi and fellow Columbia studentMahmoud Khalil co-founded Dar: the Palestinian Student Society to "celebrate Palestinian culture, history, and identity".[4]
At a walkout,art installation, anddie-in protest held byStudents for Justice in Palestine (SJP) andJewish Voice for Peace (JVP) at the steps ofLow Memorial Library on November 9, 2023, Mahdawi told his story of growing up in arefugee camp in theIsraeli occupied West Bank, of witnessing his 12-year-old best friend killed in front of him by an Israeli soldier, and of being shot in the leg himself at 15 years of age, also by an Israeli soldier.[15] There were pro-Israel counter-protesters, whom Mahdawi addressed: "Even though you're on the other side, we beg you, we cry, we ask you to see the humanity in us, to join us in our fight for freedom, for justice, for humanity."[15]
An unidentified person interrupted the protest, approaching and screaming anti-Jewish and anti-Black slurs and profanities, climbing over a chain barrier and reportedly trying "to instigate fights with numerous students".[15] According toThe New York Times, a "student on the outskirts of a Nov. 9 protest had shoutedantisemitic curses", but "he was not affiliated with any of the student groups, and was shouted down by the pro-Palestinian protesters",[16] including Mahdawi,[17] who denounced the individual directly.[15] Using the microphone, Mahdawi said, "Shame on the person who called [for] 'death to Jews,'" and the crowd of demonstrators started chanting "shame on you", joining in his condemnation of the unidentified individual's hateful remarks.[15]
The following day, Gerald Rosberg, then a senior administrator at Columbia, announced the suspension of SJP and JVP for what he called an "unauthorized event" that included "threatening rhetoric and intimidation".[18][19] The suspension came after senior administrators quietly revised policies cited in the suspension on October 24, adding a new section to the University Event Policy webpage that declared the administration's right to "regulate the time, place and manner of certain forms of public expression"[20] without input from the University Senate.[21][20]
Columbia's claim that the "threatening rhetoric and intimidation" came from SJP and JVP was debunked by journalists, and retracted by Rosberg privately in a University Senate Plenary on November 17, 2023. However, Columbia did not reverse the suspension of SJP and JVP, and it never retracted the statement; nor did it issue a public statement to correct and clarify the matter.[22]U.S. Secretary of StateMarco Rubio later cited the phrase "threatening rhetoric and intimidation" verbatim, apparently drawing from the statement that Columbia never retracted, in an April 2025 memo drawn up to support his case against Mahdawi.[22][23]
Mahdawi also helped organize and launchColumbia University Apartheid Divest (CUAD), a coalition of over 80 student groups[24] (later amassing over 120 student groups)[25] formed after Columbia's administration quietly changed the university's event policy before banningStudents for Justice in Palestine andJewish Voice for Peace.[24][26] CUAD was launched on November 14, four days after the administration banned SJP and JVP.[25] CUAD led multiple pro-Palestinian demonstrations calling on the university to divest fromIsrael.[4]
In the spring of 2024, Mahdawi stepped back from the movement to focus on fostering connections with Jewish and Israeli students.[27] He invited several of his critics, including assistant professorShai Davidai, to speak with him,[28] and remained in contact withDavid Myers, a former leader of the progressiveNew Israel Fund and a professor of Jewish history at theUniversity of California, Los Angeles.[29] He repeatedly denouncedantisemitism in speeches and interviews, and connected his opposition to antisemitism with his support for the Palestinian cause, saying that "the fight for the freedom of Palestine and the fight against antisemitism go hand in hand, because injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."[27] One of Mahdawi's Israeli colleagues, Aharon Dardik, stated that Mahdawi was vocally opposed toterrorism and antisemitism, instead advocating for peaceful opposition to the conflict.[27] Mahdawi and Dardik created a "framework for the solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict" as one of their class's final research projects.[28][29]
Mahdawi's arrest by ICE agents was in coordination with theU.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) office in Colchester, Vermont, which had scheduled an April 15 interview for Mahdawi to obtain his U.S. citizenship.[2] After the interview, he was handcuffed by hooded and masked immigration plain-clothes officers and escorted into an unmarked vehicle.[14][4]
According to his attorney Luna Droubi, "Mohsen Mahdawi was unlawfully detained today for no reason other than his Palestinian identity."[2] She also called it "unconstitutional" and "an attempt to silence those who speak out against the atrocities in Gaza".[14]
According to SenatorPeter Welch, Mahdawi was detained at the Northwest State Correctional Facility inSt. Albans.[30]
Earlier in the month, Mahdawi had received an email from USCIS stating that he had an interview scheduled to obtain his US citizenship.[2] Because the ordinary timeline for the interview would have placed it in December or January, Mahdawi suspected it might be a trap and contacted his representatives in Congress, SenatorsBernie Sanders andPeter Welch as well as RepresentativeBecca Balint to inform them of the situation and ask them to intervene if possible.[2] He also contacted State SenatorRebecca White, who had known Mahdawi for around seven years, for her advice on the matter. White cautioned Mahdawi against going.[31] Mahdawi created aSignal group chat titled "Just in case – Mohsen" to communicate with his close friends if he was arrested. White was among those included in the chat.[32]
In the period leading up to his arrest, Mahdawi was targeted byZionist groups such asCanary Mission andBetar.[2] Canary Mission has an extensivedossier on Mahdawi, in which it claims he wrote a poem in 2013 praising Palestinian militantDalal Mughrabi and cites a social media post in which he mourns the killing of his cousin, whom it calls a Hamas fighter, by Israeli soldiers.[29] The website mostly accuses him of supportingdisinvestment from Israel and being involved in theprotest movement Canary Mission describes as "pro-Hamas".[29]
According toThe Intercept, even before the arrest of his friend and fellow activist at ColumbiaMahmoud Khalil, Mahdawi had reached out to Columbia University administration seeking help so he would not be taken by ICE agents.[2] In a March 17 email addressed to then-Columbia PresidentKatrina Armstrong, School of General Studies dean Lisa Rosen-Metsch, Columbia chief operating officer Cas Holloway, senior vice president of Columbia Health Melanie Bernitz, as well as the Columbia dean of religious life Ian Rottenberg, he wrote: "I am writing to you with a final plea for urgent help. My life is in danger, and Columbia University’s inaction is putting me at further risk."[33] The school did nothing to respond to his appeal.[2][33]
| Mahdawi v. Trump | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Court | U.S. District Court for the District of Vermont |
| Docket nos. | 2:25-cv-00389 |
| Court membership | |
| Judge sitting | Geoffrey Crawford |
On April 14, Mahdawi's legal team filed ahabeas corpus petition againstDonald Trump and his administration, describing his detention as unlawful.[5] His lawyers requested a temporary restraining order to prevent him from being transferred out of Vermont by federal authorities. Vermont federal judgeWilliam K. Sessions III granted the request and ordered that Mahdawi remain in Vermont.[4] Vermont federal judgeGeoffrey W. Crawford extended the request on April 23.[6] According to immigration lawyer Joshua Bardavid, "a case is heard where you are detained, and certain courts are known for being much more government-friendly than other locations."[34]
Amemo from US Secretary of StateMarco Rubio, apparently drawing from Columbia's mischaracterization of a campusprotest on November 9, 2023,[35] stated that Mahdawi had "engaged in threatening rhetoric and intimidation of pro-Israeli bystanders" as a justification for targeting him.[36][35] This claim was denied by Mahdawi and his lawyer and appears to have beentaken verbatim from a November 2023 statement from Columbia University in which it suspended Students for Justice in Palestine and Jewish Voice for Peace.[35] The claim that the "threatening rhetoric and intimidation" came from SJP and JVP was debunked by journalists and retracted by Rosberg privately in a University Senate Plenary on November 17, 2023, but Columbia never issued a public statement to correct and clarify the matter.[35]
On April 30, 2025, Judge Crawford ordered Mahdawi's release on bail,[37][38] stating that "the two weeks of detention so far demonstrate great harm to a person who has been charged with no crime."[7] The government attempted to delay Mahdawi's release and keep him in detention by requesting a stay of the order, which was denied by the judge.[39] The Trump administration then appealed to theCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit, asking the court for an emergency stay of Crawford's ruling and challenging the determination that Crawford had authority to make such a ruling. The case was assigned to judgesSusan Carney,Alison Nathan, andBarrington Parker, and on May 9, they denied the appeal.[40]
In his statement outside the courtroom following his release, Mahdawi told a crowd of supporters, "we are pro-peace and anti-war" and "to President Trump and his Cabinet, I'm not afraid of you,"[8] following up with, "to my people in Palestine: I feel your pain, I see your suffering; and I see freedom and it is very very soon."[41] He then joined the crowd in singing theCivil Rights anthem,We Shall Overcome.[42]
All three of Vermont's members ofCongress, SenatorBernie Sanders, SenatorPeter Welch, and RepresentativeBecca Balint, released a joint statement the day of the detention condemning it as "immoral, inhumane, and illegal".[43][5] State SenatorRebecca White, who has known Mahdawi for around seven years, also condemned the arrest, stating, "I had told constituents, 'You are safe here.' And I can no longer say that."[31]
Senator Welch met with Mahdawi, who was detained at the Northwest State Correctional Facility inSt. Albans. During the meeting, Mahdawi stated that he was staying positive, expressing faith in the "ability of justice and the deep belief of democracy" in theUnited States. He also reiterated his support for peace, as well as his empathy for both Palestinians and Israelis.[30][32]
Several Israeli citizens inNew York signed an open letter opposing Mahdawi's detention. The letter noted that Mahdawi had actively worked to establish communication with Israelis.[44]David Myers, former leader of the progressiveNew Israel Fund and a professor of Jewish history at theUniversity of California, Los Angeles, similarly criticized Mahdawi's detention, stating, "This person constitutes a bridge, and we've torn that bridge down instead of embracing it."[29] A former Israeli classmate and friend of Mahdawi, Aharon Dardik, defended Mahdawi, stating,
The irony of him, of all people, being someone they target is so funny to me – this person who has denounced violence. This is a person who had a split from the protest movement because he felt like they were not self-policing. This is a person who has had many, many disagreements with the pro-Palestine movement for feeling that they are refusing to moderate.
A coalition of 135 Buddhist leaders and teachers signed an open letter demanding the release of Mahdawi and other student activists. A second letter, written by theBuddhist Association of the United States presidentBhikkhu Bodhi, defended Mahdawi's character and faith; Bodhi and Mahdawi had met earlier in 2024.[45][46]
An article inThe Boston Globe profiled the high level of support for Mahdawi in his home state of Vermont, covering a substantial protest at his remote place of detention.[47]
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