Deta | |
|---|---|
 The Roman Catholic church | |
 Coat of arms | |
 Location in Timiș County | |
  Deta Location in Romania | |
| Coordinates:45°24′8″N21°15′3″E / 45.40222°N 21.25083°E /45.40222; 21.25083 | |
| Country | Romania |
| County | Timiș |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2008–) | Petru Roman (PSD) |
Area | 32.74 km2 (12.64 sq mi) |
| Population (2021-12-01)[1] | 5,670 |
| • Density | 173/km2 (449/sq mi) |
| Time zone | EET/EEST (UTC+2/+3) |
| Postal code | 305200–305201 |
| Vehicle reg. | TM |
| Website | www |
Deta (Hungarian:Detta;German:Detta;Serbian:Дета,romanized: Deta;Banat Bulgarian:Dédva)[2] is atown inTimiș County,Romania. It administers a single village, Opatița.
Deta is located in the low plain ofBârzava and is crossed by theBirdanca, a tributary of the Bârzava which during flood periods acts as a valve for it. Deta bordersVoiteg to the north,Birda to the northeast and east,Denta to the south andBanloc to the west.
The territory of the locality is dominated by thetemperate continental climate. As a share, the largest influence is the maritime air masses from the west, with a high degree of humidity, then the subtropical ones from theMediterranean and the continental ones from the east. Due to these climatic characteristics, winters are not very cold, summers are hot, and springs and autumns are quite short. The average annual temperature is between 10 and 11 °C (50 and 52 °F), while the maximum reaches 40 °C (104 °F).[3]
The predominant form of relief is the plain, favorable to agriculture. The grassy andforest-steppe vegetation predominates around the town. The woody vegetation is characteristic of lowland areas. The fauna is predominated by rodents; there are alsohares,deer,fallow deer,wild boars,foxes andsquirrels. Among the birds found here arepheasants,northern goshawks,skylarks,little owls,tits,nightingales,starlings,wild ducks andwild geese.[3]
Based on the archaeological evidence, the existence of this settlement has been established since theNeolithic, later evolving in the other historical eras (Bronze Age,Iron Age,Daco-Roman period andmigration period).[4] During the Roman period, the Roman castrumPotula existed here.[5] The first recorded mention of Deta takes place in 1360, under the name ofDed, being the possession of nobleman Johannes de Deed, from which derives the current name.[6] In 1411 and 1427, the locality is recorded with the namesDed andKyzded ("Little Ded"), respectively.[7] During the Ottoman domination, it declines. In his travel journals from 1660–1664, Turkish travelerEvliya Çelebi, who was visiting Banat, states that Deta was inhabited by Romanians.[8]: 19
From 1724, when the colonization of Banat by the Germans fromBavaria andAlsace/Lorraine began, the locality was reborn, its name being transformed intoDetta, after the old nameDed. In the same year, the first Roman Catholic church was built and the official registration of baptisms, deaths and marriages began (1725).[4] Colonization began in 1737 and lasted until 1794, and in addition to the Germans, 21 Italian families[9] fromMilan area were colonized in 1763.[10] The first colony consisted of a few houses on the present-day main street and up to the old Bellavista Hotel. At that time, the Birda stream was the border of the settlement. At first the life of the colony was extremely harsh: theplague epidemic of 1738 quickly decimated the population. Until 1751 the locality was under military administration and developed less. It was only after it came under civilian administration, initially subordinated toDenta, that it was able to develop. The state organized colonization at its own expense.
As the climate was very favorable for therice plant, the state brought in specialized Italian settlers who re-established rice fields here (a few decades ago,Count Mercy had already tried to develop this crop, but due to epidemics they had been abandoned). From that period, the Italian Arizi and Timary families became famous, with special merits in rice cultivation. At the same time, the growth ofsilkworms was stimulated, an activity that the locals practiced with skill.
In 1810, Deta is elevated to the rank of market town, until the end of the 19th century, by EmperorFrancis I of Austria, due to the development it experiences in agriculture, trade, animal husbandry and craftsmanship.[4] The opening of the Timișoara–Baziaș railway, which passed through Deta, in 1858, created favorable conditions for trade in grain and animals.
In 1867, after the incorporation of Banat into Hungary, Plasa Deta was established, with 13 communes, which belonged toTemes County. At the same time, it is recognized as an important economic center. It experiences a significant urban development; schools and institutions are built, sewerage works are carried out, sidewalks are put in and the telephone is introduced (1899). The Bellavista Hotel was built in the 19th century, a meeting place for Romanian and Serbian townspeople in the area.[8]: 20 In 1902, the power plant was built and electric lighting was introduced.
DuringWorld War I, 200 locals died in the fighting, for which two monuments were erected in Antoniu Kratzer Park and near the town museum. It was occupied by theSerbian army between 1918 and 1919.
InGhidul Banatului, edited by Emil Grădinariu and Ion Stoia-Udrea in 1936, Deta was described as follows:[11]
Beautiful and well-kept small town, with well-maintained streets, paved sidewalks, in the center having a number of remarkable buildings, such as the Roman Catholic church, the town hall, the Bellavista hotel and café, etc. It is the seat of the praetorship of the same name and is a very important industrial center. It has 4,070 inhabitants, mostly Germans, then Romanians and a few Hungarians and Serbs.
In January 1945, the deportation of over 1,600 ethnic Germans—men and women aged between 17 and 45—from Deta and the surrounding areas to theSoviet Union began, under the pretext of participation in post-war "reconstruction" efforts. While some individuals returned by 1949, a new wave of deportations commenced in 1951. This time, it targeted Germans, Serbs, Hungarians, and Bessarabians (who had sought refuge in the Banat region since 1940), as part of the regime's campaign against so-called "Titoism."[12]
In 1968, as part of Romania's territorial-administrative reorganization, Deta was granted town status for the third time in its history.
Deta had a population of 5,670 inhabitants at the 2021 census, down 9.43% from the 2011 census. Most inhabitants areRomanians (65.66%), larger minorities being represented byHungarians (8.78%),Serbs (3.35%),Roma (2.87%),Germans (2.34%) andBulgarians (1.37%). For 15.06% of the population, ethnicity is unknown.[13] By religion, most inhabitants areOrthodox (57.05%), but there are also minorities ofRoman Catholics (18.73%),Serbian Orthodox (3.1%) andPentecostals (2.16%). For 16.36% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown.[14]
| Census[15] | Ethnic composition | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Population | Romanians | Hungarians | Germans | Jews | Roma | Serbs | Bulgarians |
| 1880 | 3,646 | 789 | 216 | 2,542 | – | – | 77 | – |
| 1890 | 4,410 | 818 | 364 | 3,056 | – | – | 96 | – |
| 1900 | 4,950 | 986 | 776 | 3,036 | – | – | 109 | – |
| 1910 | 5,147 | 1,131 | 954 | 2,885 | – | – | 149 | – |
| 1920 | 4,679 | 1,102 | 752 | 2,583 | 104 | – | – | – |
| 1930 | 4,965 | 1,349 | 998 | 2,404 | 25 | 16 | 137 | 22 |
| 1941 | 5,210 | 1,511 | 1,089 | 2,360 | – | – | – | – |
| 1956 | 5,707 | 2,315 | 1,572 | 1,525 | 10 | 6 | 217 | 29 |
| 1966 | 6,680 | 2,833 | 1,699 | 1,565 | 6 | 37 | 455 | 57 |
| 1977 | 6,937 | 3,198 | 1,636 | 1,435 | 7 | 110 | 451 | 64 |
| 1992 | 7,121 | 4,227 | 1,418 | 660 | 1 | 176 | 464 | 129 |
| 2002 | 6,423 | 4,140 | 1,152 | 392 | 2 | 227 | 328 | 134 |
| 2011 | 6,260 | 4,247 | 869 | 252 | – | 144 | 248 | 121 |
| 2021 | 5,670 | 3,723 | 498 | 133 | – | 163 | 190 | 78 |
The town of Deta is administered by a mayor and a local council composed of 14 councilors. The mayor, Petru Roman, from theSocial Democratic Party, has been in office since 2008. As from the2024 local elections, the local council has the following composition by political parties:[16]
| Party | Seats | Composition | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party | 7 | ||||||||
| Alliance for the Union of Romanians | 3 | ||||||||
| Force of the Right | 2 | ||||||||
| Ind. | 1 | ||||||||
| National Liberal Party | 1 | ||||||||
Industry is the most important economic sector. Traditionally,wood processing factories (plywood and veneers) and clay mining industry have developed here. After the1989 revolution, development was severely hampered, so that after 2000 Deta could start a development process again. A number of foreign investors have opened numerous factories here that have polarized economic activity and human resources in the town and the area of influence. The main employer in the town isEybl [ro], with a textile profile, specialized in the production of interior components for cars (steering wheels, upholstery forBMW,Mercedes-Benz,Volkswagen,Jaguar,Renault, etc.). It has over 1,900 employees, of which 1,100 are from Deta, the rest coming from the surrounding localities. Other companies are present in the wood processing, food and textile industries.
The primary access routes to Deta include DN59, which links the town to Timișoara and the Stamora Moravița border crossing; DN59B, which connects Deta toBanloc and further towardJimbolia; and DJ172 (Deta–Birda), providing access towardReșița. Additionally, Deta is served by arailway station, ensuring further regional connectivity.[17]
Deta is twinned with:[18]
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)| International | |
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