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DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge

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Coordinates:41°31′25.2″N96°1′4.6″W / 41.523667°N 96.017944°W /41.523667; -96.017944

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Wildlife refuge in Iowa and Nebraska, U.S.

Desoto National Wildlife Refuge
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)
Show map of Iowa Show map of Nebraska Show map of the United States
Location	Harrison andPottawattamie counties,Iowa andWashington County,Nebraska, United States
Nearest city	Blair, NE
Coordinates	41°31′25.2″N96°1′4.6″W / 41.523667°N 96.017944°W /41.523667; -96.017944
Area	8,362 acres (33.83 km²)
Established	March 12, 1958
Governing body	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Website	DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge

The refuge on June 20, 2011, during the2011 Missouri River flood. The oxbow lake is in the upper left. Five days later, a levee breach resulted in the refuge closing after being nearly totally inundated. TheFort Calhoun Nuclear Generating Station is in the foreground.

DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge, created in 1958, is located along the banks of theMissouri River in theU.S. states ofIowa andNebraska. The 8,362-acre (3,384 ha) refuge (46% in Iowa, 54% in Nebraska) preserves an area that would have been otherwise lost to cultivation. In 1960, anArmy Corps of Engineers channelization project on the Missouri River moved the main river channel in the area to the west. The former river channel became DeSoto Lake, a seven-mile longoxbow lake. As a result, part of the Nebraska portion of the refuge lies on the east side of the Missouri River.

For over 20 years after construction, the lake was used for recreational boating, with half of the lake designated for watersports and the other half a no-wake zone for wildlife habitat and fishing. The lake was so popular that access was limited by the park's rangers to keep the boat traffic down on the lake on Saturday and Sunday afternoons. The lake's marina, snack bar, swimming area and boat ramps were all removed, and restrictions were placed on boat operation.^[1]

Today, the refuge is home to around 30mammal species, includingwhite-tailed deer,beavers,opossums,raccoons,fox squirrels,muskrats andcoyotes. Many bird species also inhabit the refuge, such asbald eagles,great blue herons,egrets,pelicans,turkeys andcardinals. The refuge is also a major stopover on theCentral Flyway bird migration route; the population of migratory birds increases substantially in the spring and fall months. The numbers ofsnow geese used to frequently be in the hundreds of thousands, but for unknown reasons has substantially dropped for only a few thousand a year (not at once). The population ofCanada geese that stopped at the lake before it was channelized is once again rising.

Several miles of naturetrails provide access to the varied landscapes of the refuge. Dogs are permitted only under physical restrictive control of a leash at all times.^[1]Hunting is allowed in season (for deer, turkey, andpheasant) with a permit and there are several fishing piers along the lake, which are open outside of the bird migration seasons.

The refuge also documents the area's human history. In 1865, the sternwheel steamboatBertrand, bound for theMontana Territory, sank in the Missouri River. The boat and its cargo rested on the river bottom until 1968, when the wreck was rediscovered. Over 500,000 items were excavated from the wreck; many of them were in excellent condition. Catalogue numbers are now in the upper 5000's, each number sometimes only having one related object, or, in the case of nails, tens of thousands. A visitor center in the refuge displays many of these items. TheBertrand site is listed on theNational Register of Historic Places.

DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge is located five miles (eight kilometres) east ofBlair, Nebraska. Access to the refuge is onU.S. Route 30 between Blair andInterstate 29.

DeSoto Lake was once part of the Missouri River, but rechannelization projects cut a large bend out of the river, forming the lake at Desoto NWR

DeSoto NWR center, housing theBertrand exhibit.

References

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^^a ^b"DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge Regulations Brochure"(PDF).DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge Regulations Brochure. RetrievedMay 25, 2016.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toDeSoto National Wildlife Refuge.

Protected areas ofIowa

Federal

National Historic Sites	Herbert Hoover
National Monuments	Effigy Mounds
National Trails	Lewis and Clark Mormon Pioneer
National Wildlife Refuges	DeSoto Driftless Area Neal Smith Northern Tallgrass Prairie Port Louisa Union Slough Upper Mississippi River
Other	National Historic Landmarks National Natural Landmarks National Register of Historic Places

State

State Parks	Ambrose A. Call Backbone Badger Creek Banner Lakes at Summerset Beeds Lake Bellevue Big Creek Black Hawk Brushy Creek Cedar Rock Clear Lake Dolliver Memorial Elk Rock Elinor Bedell Emerson Bay Fairport Fort Defiance Geode George Wyth Memorial Green Valley Gull Point Honey Creek Lacey-Keosauqua Lake Ahquabi Lake Anita Lake Darling Lake Keomah Lake Macbride Lake Manawa Lake of Three Fires Lake Wapello Ledges Lewis and Clark Lower Gar Maquoketa Caves Marble Beach McIntosh Woods Mines of Spain & E.B. Lyons Mini-Wakan Nine Eagles Okamanpedan Palisades-Kepler Pikes Peak Pikes Point Pilot Knob Pillsbury Point Pine Lake Pleasant Creek Prairie Rose Preparation Canyon Red Haw Rice Lake Rock Creek Springbrook Stone Templar Trapper's Bay Twin Lakes Union Grove Viking Lake Volga River Walnut Woods Wapsipinicon Waubonsie Wildcat Den Wilson Island
State Forests	Backbone Barkley Gifford Holst Loess Hills Pilot Mound Shimek Stephens White Pine Hollow Yellow River
State Preserves	A.F. Miller Ames High Prairie Anderson Prairie Behrens Pond and Woodlands Berry Woods Bird Hill Bixby Bluffton Fir Stand Brush Creek Canyon Brushy Creek Cameron Woods Casey's Paha Catfish Creek Cayler Prairie Cedar Bluffs Cedar Hills Sand Prairie Cheever Lake Clay Prairie Claybanks Forest Cold Water Spring Crossman Prairie Decorah Ice Cave Dinesen Prairie Doolittle Prairie Fallen Rock Fish Farm Mounds Five Ridge Prairie Fleming Woods Fort Atkinson Freda Haffner Kettlehole Gitchie Manitou Hanging Bog Hardin City Woodland Hartley Fort Hayden Prairie Hoffman Prairie Indian Bluffs Primitive Area Indian Fish Trap Iowa's State Preserves System Kalsow Kish-Ke-Kosh Prairie Lamson Woods Liska-Stanek Prairie Little Maquoketa Malanaphy Springs Malchow Mounds Manikowski Prairie Mann Wilderness Area Marietta Sand Prairie Mericle Woods Merrill A. Stainbrook Merritt Forest Montauk Mossy Glen Mount Pisgah Cemetery Mount Talbot Nestor Stiles Prairie Ocheyedan Mound Old State Quarry Palisades-Downs Pecan Grove Pellett Woods Pilot Grove Pilot Knob Retz Woods Roberts Creek Rock Creek Island Rock Island Roggman Boreal Slopes Rolling Thunder Prairie Saint James Lutheran Church Savage Woods Searryl's Cave Sheeder Prairie Silver Lake Fen Silvers-Smith Woods Slinde Mounds Starr's Cave Steele Prairie Stinson Prairie Strasser Woods Sylvan Runkel Toolesboro Mounds Turin Loess Hills Turkey River Mounds White Pine Hollow Williams Prairie Wittrock Indian Village Woodland Mounds Woodman Hollow Woodthrush

County

State Parks (Leased)	Bobwhite Cold Springs Crystal Lake Eagle Lake Echo Valley Frank A. Gotch Heery Woods Lake Cornelia Lake Icaria Kearny Margo Frankel Mill Creek Oak Grove Oakland Mills Pammel Sharon Bluffs Spring Lake Swan Lake Three Mile Lake

Iowa Department of Natural Resources

Protected areas ofNebraska

Federal

National Forests	Nebraska Samuel R. McKelvie
National Grasslands	Oglala
National Historic Sites and Historical Parks	Chimnney Rock Homestead
National Monuments	Agate Fossil Beds Scotts Bluff
National Recreation Areas	Pine Ridge
National Trails	California Lewis and Clark Mormon Pioneer Oregon Pony Express
National Wild and Scenic Rivers	Missouri Niobrara
National Wildlife Refuges	Boyer Chute Crescent Lake DeSoto Fort Niobrara John and Louise Seier Karl E. Mundt North Platte Rainwater Basin Valentine
Other	National Historic Landmarks National Natural Landmarks National Register of Historic Places Wilderness Areas

State

State Parks	Chadron Eugene T. Mahoney Fort Robinson Indian Cave Niobrara Platte River Ponca Smith Falls
State Historical Parks	Ash Hollow Ashfall Fossil Beds Arbor Lodge Bowring Ranch Buffalo Bill Ranch Fort Atkinson Fort Hartsuff Fort Kearny Rock Creek Station
State Recreation Areas	Alexandria Arnold Atkinson Lake Blue River Bluestem Bowman Lake Box Butte Reservoir Branched Oak Bridgeport Brownville Calamus Champion Lake Cheyenne Conestoga Cottonmill Lake Crystal Lake Dead Timber DLD Enders Reservoir Fort Kearny Fremont Lakes Gallagher Canyon Johnson Lake Keller Park Lake Maloney Lake McConaughy Lake Minatare Lake Ogallala Lewis and Clark Long Lake Long Pine Louisville Medicine Creek Memphis Merritt Reservoir Mormon Island North Loup Olive Creek Oliver Reservoir Pawnee Pelican Point Pibel Lake Pioneer Red Willow Reservoir Riverview Marina Rock Creek Lake Rock Creek Station Rockford Sandy Channel Schramm Park Sherman Reservoir Stagecoach Summit Lake Sutherland Reservoir Swanson Reservoir Two Rivers Union Pacific Verdon Victoria Springs Wagon Train Walgren Lake War Axe Wildcat Hills Willow Creek Windmill
State Recreation Trails	Cowboy Trail

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission

v t e National Wildlife Refuges of the United States
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National Wildlife Refuges of the United States