.jpg)
Thedesign life of a component or product is the period of time during which the item is expected by its designers to work within its specified parameters; in other words, the life expectancy of the item. Engineers follow atheory to calculate the life expectancy from expected conditions, uses and physical properties.[1] It is not always the actual length of time between placement into service of a single item and that item's onset of wearout.
Another use of the term design life deals withconsumer products. Many products employ design life as one factor of their differentiation from competing products and components. Adisposable camera is designed to withstand a short life, whilst an expensivesingle-lens reflex camera may be expected to have a design life measured in years or decades.
.jpg)
Some products designed for heavy or demanding use are so well-made that they are retained and used well beyond their design life. Somepublic transportvehicles come into this category, as do a number ofartificial satellites andspacecraft. In general, entry-level products—those at the lowest end of the price range fulfilling a certain specification—will tend to have shorter design lives than more expensive products fulfilling the same function, since there are savings to be made in using designs that are cheaper to implement, or, conversely, costs to be passed onto the customer in engineering to provide a safe margin leading to an increased working life. Thiseconomic truism leads to the phenomenon of products designed (or appearing to be designed) to last only so long as their warranty period.
Design life is related to but distinct from the concept ofplanned obsolescence. The latter is the somewhat more nebulous notion that products are designed so as to becomeobsolete—at least in the eyes of the user—before the end of their design life. Two classic examples here aredigital cameras, which become genuinely obsolete as a result of the very rapid rate of technological advances, although still in perfect working order; and non-digitalcameras, which are perceived as obsolete after a year or so as they are no longer "the latest design" although actually capable of years of useful service.